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Price Analysis for the Navigation System

Hi-Delta is a new company to provide drone navigation systems that the U.S government looks for more often and its aim is to dominate in the production of navigation systems used in aircrafts. The systems provided by Hi-Delta will comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR). According to the plan, there will be a building in a warehouse-area that rents its headquarters and will be located in Philadelphia area for the whole operation of the company.

The company’s office will have employees working in different departments. These employees are the CEO, Directors, General Managers and their assistants, Accountants and tax preparers, receptionists, manufacturers and security guards. These employees will offer services that improve and build up the services of the federal government.

The main objective of the company is to acquire the much needed supplies and services of the appropriate navigation systems to the government. Hi-Delta focuses on giving most appropriate cost quotations for its navigation system products to the federal government, therefore motivates the government in ordering and purchasing navigation systems in bulk for the whole military.

The products which Hi-Delta is the GPS system for navigation and other products which includes; tracking devices, text to speech navigation systems, Bluetooth navigation systems, hands-free systems for navigation, smart watches, traffic products, along with map products. A part from the federal government Hi-Delta also targets established companies which deal with manufacture and development of air crafts and also companies that manufacture cars and phones, because they will require installation of navigation systems to their products.

Price analysis, without doubt is an important aspect as far as contracting is concerned. The contracting factors that Hi-Delta will focuses on in order to get a contract from the federal government include; contract changes, initial offers, and final statements. The price analysis is basically the process of examining and evaluating an intended price without putting into consideration the separate cost of elements. In essence price analysis for the navigation system does not consider the profits to be earned.

At Hi-Delta Company the method to be used in analyzing the price includes the comparison of the prices that are being submitted, comparing the price quotations and contracts submitted previously with the current prices and quotation for the similar products and services, comparison of proposed prices that puts into consideration the independent cost estimates put across by the US government, and comparison of published prices set forth on a competitive basis.

The method chosen for Hi-Delta Company is based on number of factors such as speculation of efficiency of the federal government in achieving its objectives. It also aims at conducting speculations regarding anticipated global changes in systems for navigation.

The main cost which Hi-Delta company has priorities in the pricing strategy is the cost of manufacturing. The cost of manufacturing is particularly high since the direct inputs required for the building of unmanned, manned system including aircrafts, space systems and technology is too costly (Adithan, 2014). Equally, this field requires experienced and hands on professionals who have a deep understanding of the navigation systems. The cost of employing such personnel is who will be directly involved in manufacturing and monitoring the navigation system is too high.

Also, product costs are important for Hi-Delta as they form an essential aspect when it comes to pricing. For a Hi-Delta to determine its appropriate cost incurred during the production of navigation systems, it is imperative that the product costs be considered and in so doing evaluation appropriate inventory evaluation should be done.

Cost classification entails separation of expenditures into various groups. For example, expenses in accounting can be divided into two categories, that is direct and indirect costs while in economics it may have variables, fixed, production, and opportunity cost. I would compare my prices and costs of my company with those already on the market which does the same business as mine i.e. the navigation system of other resembling business in the market. The price is the key to the summation of profits and the cost, and so the price forecasting which Hi-Delta depends will be prices comparison in the market putting in mind that competitive companies like Vector Cal offers.

For the startup phase of Hi-Delta Company, the company will incur two types of costs namely variable and fixed costs. Variable costs keep changing while the fixed costs always remain the same. This means that fixed cost does not depend on the output. The company incurs fixed cost in the production of any number of the navigation systems. For instant, when it produce one or a million. When the sales level increases it does not affect the fixed cost in any way. Fixed cost are very inelastic unlike variable cost this so it is essential for the company to know the revenue needed for it to achieve the economic balance.

Variable costs are costs that vary depending changes in the production output. They vary depending on the company’s production volume; they rise as production increases and falls as production decreases (Hilton et al., 2013). It includes direct material costs or labor costs. Variable cost ratio is an expression of a company’s variable production costs as a percentage of sales this is calculated as variable costs divided by total revenues.

The variable cost calculation can be done on a per-unit basis, such as a $20 variable cost for one unit with a sales price of $200 giving a variable cost ratio of 0.1 or 10%, or by using totals over a given time period, such as total monthly variable costs of $1000 with total monthly of $10000 also rendering a variable cost ratio of 0.1 or 10%. Since the variable cost ratio quantifies the relationship between revenues and the specific costs of production associated with the revenues my plan has taken care of various challenges that are likely to be incurred.

Hi-Delta Company has taken into account, writing the fallback strategy as to cater for risks and to reduce the company’s unnecessary expenditure. Examples of variable costs include the cost of raw material and packaging. Increases or decreases in variable costs occurred without any direct intervention or action on the part of the management of the company. It increases in fairly constant rate in proportion to increases in expenditures on raw materials or labor. Hi-Delta is expected to perform detailed and conclusive research, and this implies that efficient and appropriate resources will be required for the exercises.

An instrumental component of analyzing prices is cost allocation standard. It is significant that every business uses this strategy. Cost allocation strategy 418 and 410 is an imperative method as far as businesses are concerned (Mariotti & Glackin, 2013). The main reason is that the method can allow Hi-Delta to calculate the total expenses incurred for the start-up including direct and indirect costs. In addition, the standard allocation 408 is imperative as it deals with analyzing the cost related to employees. Whenever cost analysis is performed for a business, the US government requires that the cost principles should be used in pricing negotiated supply, service, experimental, and developmental and research contracts modifications.

References

Adithan, M. (2014Process planning and cost estimation. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers.

Hilton, R. W., Maher, M., & Selto, F. H. (2013). Cost Management: Strategies for business decisions. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill.

Mariotti, S., & Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and operating a small business. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

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Healthcare Facility Startup Case Study

Healthcare Facility startup

Case Study

The St. Francis Care Clinic healthcare facility is developed to assist in meeting current health care demands and to improve access of care for residents in this community. The healthcare facility aims at providing safe, effective, timely, equitable and patient centered care to patients from diverse backgrounds. The primary care services will be provided by nurse practitioners (NPs) who will offer different experience to provide holistic care, open communication, therapeutic listening, and skills in counseling (Pinson, 2008).

The facilities vision is to deliver affordable and high quality of care to patients in order to promote the health as well as the well being of the citizens. The healthcare facility will seat on 1500 Square feet commercial office (leased). The facility has only one direct primary care clinics and 12 physicians. The indirect competitors are two emergency departments found in the one local medical center.

The competitor’s strengths are that the local medical centers have established physician providers with established referrals process. The critical key to success of this clinic is public education on services health services delivered and in managing reimbursement procedures (Buppert, 2014).

Monthly cost estimation

Expenses	Cost ($)
Clinical sites expenses	53,000
Supplies	25,000
Employee structure and expenses	72,450
Malpractice insurance	60,050
Utilities and overhead expenses	14,695
Accounting fee	20,000
Continuing education expenses	13,435
Total	258, 630

The clinic start up expenses will be obtained from a business loan of $100,725 with interest of 9% that will be paid out over 7 years. Although the clinic is expected to be profitable, the cash revenue is expected to remain negative until year 3. The loan repayment in the first year interest is estimated to be $10, 824.

The cost of operations in year 1 is estimated to be 120,121 and sales of $154,000, indicating a small profit in year 1. With addition of more healthcare services in year 2, the operating income is expected to reach $60,662, and the trend is expected to increase in the subsequent years.

The business is expected to grow and expect more income as the loan diminishes. The fixed costs are expected to remain the same with little or no depreciation. On the other hand, the variable cost will increase with increase income. I will contribute $50,000, bringing the total start up expenses to $150, 725.

The healthcare services that will be delivered in this clinic include primary care such as physical examinations, diagnosing, screenings, treatment as well as management of chronic and acute healthcare disorders. Other services that will be provided include preventive care, immunization, diabetes management, HIV/AIDs and smoking.

The facility will accept all public medical covers such as State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), Medicaid and private medical covers. The Medicaid reimbursement will be calculated based on rate per unit, whereas the commercial insurances will be based on the company’s own policy. Managed care organizations will be reimbursed based on the negotiated contracts (Sally and Reel, 2013).

Summary

In summation, the estimated costs and assumptions indicates that the clinic is a viable nurse managed healthcare setting. The start up of this healthcare facility will require funding from loan and adequate time to return the amount of money borrowed. However, the projected revenue and expenditures indicates that small profit will be made. To reduce the negative cash flow, I may consider looking for partners or applying for grants so as to reduce the start up expenses.

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Healthcare Policy Change

Healthcare Policy Change in the USA

Introduction

Indeed, quality healthcare provision remains one of the most fundamental rights of any citizens in a country. The success of better healthcare provision is based upon strong policies and legislations both at the state level and federal government. Currently, the expensive nature of healthcare in the United States is attributed to the devolved manner in which it is regulated where the federal government has ceded the primary responsibility of provision of care to state governments expect for the oversight of healthcare agencies that fall under the federal government.

It is these state departments that regulate several aspects of medical care for instance the licensing providers of healthcare, the approval of medical and pharmaceutical products (Blumenthal, 2012). The concern is whether healthcare which is at the heart of betterment of life in the society should be left to the individual states and their own autonomy or to the federal government which enjoys sufficient financial and oversight over a country’s general welfare.

Healthcare policy change

Federal government’s distinct control and oversight over national issues is one of the most important areas of concern, with healthcare at the forefront in the discussions that involve devolution. States are considered as laboratories and tinkerers that help to come up with ideas to find solutions for problems that face a country as a whole. Patel & Rushefsky, (2014) argue that they are more close to the people than the national government and are more attuned to the problems that face the citizens.

However, they are without doubt faced with a plethora of challenges in terms of controlling the healthcare system. In my opinion, one such challenge is insufficient staff and structures in place to take on the burden of exchanging new bills that help cover most citizens. States are often faced with powerful lobbyists, cartels and drug interest control groups that always want to benefit at the consumers expense.

This has led to corruption which impedes the provision of healthcare. Another challenge is the States lack control over privet insurers and autonomy from the federal laws (Obama, 2016). They face a challenge in navigating federal laws and benefit plans of employees hence lack the power to deal with healthcare insurance companies and employees (Groves et al., 2013). This has led to a problem in cost control and access to Medicare.

A transfer to a more controlled federal system that enjoys funding and is devoid of cartel control is critical to a better healthcare system. I therefore will introduce a federal reform policy that aims to seize the initiative from states when it comes to healthcare.

The bill: Transfer of healthcare to the Federal government Act

I will introduce this bill through a federal legislator who has been in the forefront in advocating for the transfer of healthcare to the federal government. The legislator is a member of my state who I voted for and has in the past associated himself with nursing organizations that work towards improving healthcare. The main champions for my bill are like minded legislators and civil society advocates from nursing organizations.

These champions are the backbone for both public awareness campaigns and education to citizens on importance of better healthcare. The first process in policy change is the formulation of the bill with the legislators and its adoption by those to champion for the bill especially lobbying during its legislation process. The lobbying will involve persuasive arguments on the benefits that outweigh the challenges. Once the legislation of the policy change has been passed it must be implemented.

Plans for implementation and next steps after passage

Once the bill is passed it must be implemented by the federal government by presidential ascent and the statute becomes law. Nursing organizations and federal agencies like Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality will help come up with procedures and standards for measuring compliance (Emanuel et al., 2012). Successful implementation of this bill will depend on compliance by states and coordination of stakeholders in healthcare. The final step in the bill taking effect is the process of evaluating how well my policy is implemented and is put into action. This is done by the federal government by assessing the cost benefit ratio of healthcare to citizens.

Conclusion

Transferring of healthcare from the State to Federal government as outlined in my bill, and its successful implementation require strong partnerships between the private sector, state and federal government. The primary role of this bill is delivery of high quality healthcare devoid of selfish interests; unfairness and inefficiency by states in the market that ensure affordable healthcare systems are easily accessible.

References

Blumenthal, D. (2012). Performance improvement in health care—seizing the moment. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(21), 1953-1955.

Emanuel, E., Tanden, N., Altman, S., Armstrong, S., Berwick, D., de Brantes, F., … & Daschle, T. (2012). A systemic approach to containing health care spending. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(10), 949-954.

Groves, P., Kayyali, B., Knott, D., & Van Kuiken, S. (2013). The ‘big data’revolution in healthcare. McKinsey Quarterly, 2.

Obama, B. (2016). United States health care reform: progress to date and next steps. Jama, 316(5), 525-532.

Patel, K., & Rushefsky, M. E. (2014). Healthcare Politics and Policy in America. Public Integrity, 17(1), 94-96.

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JUVENILE JUSTICE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

Juvenile justice correctional facilities

Draft Survey

Research Question: What are the optimal types of programs, implemented in the juvenile justice correctional facilities that would resolve the problem of juvenile delinquency?

Spatial definition of the subject of research (area of research): This case study will discuss juvenile justice correctional facilities in the United States

Time frame of the subject of research: The period from year 1990 to year 2017

Target group: Minors

Methods: comparative method, historical method, qualitative method, description, method of proof

Techniques: data collection, including: interview, surveys, content analysis

Key words: minors, juvenile, correction facilities, program, crime, reintegration, society, substance abuse, recidivism

Results: The main purpose of undertaking any research process is coming to new and undiscovered solutions about the specific topic, as well as coming to those findings which may help the profession and the community itself. This research study aims to prove that a well implemented program can lead to the reintegration of minors in the society and can therefore have an impact both on social security, improvement of the life of specific minors and at the same time help the government budget.

Terms and definitions:

Minor – under the legal age of full responsibility (this age varies in different countries); the term which legally demarcates childhood from adulthood.

(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/minor)

Correctional facility – any residential facility with construction fixtures or staffing models designed to restrict the movements and activities of those placed in the facility. It is used for the placement of any juvenile adjudicated of having committed an offense, or, when applicable, of any other individual convicted of a criminal offense (https://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/litreviews/Correctional_Facilities.pdf)

Program – a plan of action aimed at accomplishing a clear objective, with details on what work is to be done, by whom, when, and what means or resources will be used (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/program.html)

Reintegration – restoration to a unified state; to integrate again into an entity; restore to unity (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/reintegration)

Society – an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes

(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/society)

Recidivism – a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior; especially: relapse into criminal behavior (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recidivism)

1. Introduction on Intervention Problem

The subject and the intervention problem of this case study is determined by the chosen theme – Juvenile Justice Correctional Facilities. The structure of this case study will be handled by presenting the theoretical basis of the research subject and then the practical basis of the research subject.

The theoretical basis of the object of research will include the research of this topic in the existing literature – Juvenile Justice Correctional Facilities and minor behavior / juvenile delinquency as perceived in the theory, their classification and purpose; the practical part of this case study will include the application of scientific knowledge in practice – finding and implementing the optimal program in selected juvenile justice facilities and the track of its implementation in practice.

Foundations of this research paper are based on the research and therefore identification of the optimal type of program that would resolve the problem of juvenile delinquency. This case study has the pretension to explain this aspect from various points of view; primarily from the legal, security and criminological point of view.

Why is it important to identify and implement the best program of juvenile justice correctional facilities? In simple terms – juvenile offenders, due to their young age, must be, after leaving the juvenile facility, reintegrated as equal members of the society.

One other question that arises in this aspect is the following: how can the state ensure the implementation of the given program (program that would lead to the reintegration of the minor) along with the necessary human or material resources needed in order to do so? States are already spending enormous amounts of money in this sector.

Costs and resources needed to obtain juveniles in correctional facilities are quite big. On report given by The Justice Policy Institute in 2009 said that it costs on average of $240.99 per day for one juvenile to obtain juveniles in correctional facilities founded by the state. This is approximately $88,000 per year.

(https://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/litreviews/Correctional_Facilities.pdf)

But although the spending, this approach does not contribute to improving the problem of minor delinquency. Therefore and due to the budget constraints, many states are rethinking their steps in this area. Implementing a program which would reduce the number of juvenile offenders and contribute to general security is certainly a step in the right direction.

2. Program to Resolve the Problem

This part of the case study will provide the answer to the previously stated research question: what is the optimal program / are the optimal types of programs, implemented in the juvenile justice correctional facilities that would resolve the problem of juvenile delinquency?

The program that would be optimal for the problem identified in this case study is a program that would contribute both to the deterrence of the existing juvenile offenders from committing criminal offenses while at the same time combating crime rates among this population in general. This is according to Gendreau and Goggin (1996) the main principle of effective correctional programming.

The program that will be presented in this case study represents a program that will be a result of research and discussion between different focus groups and created primly in order to contribute to reducing the number of juvenile offenders. The program provides direct work with minors and individuals employed in selected juvenile facilities as well as other professionals working on its implementation.

The analysis showed that there is a need to introduce effective mechanisms for preventing and combating juvenile delinquency; the need of a program that would be effective in combating crime among minors, lead to less drug and alcohol abuse among this population, educate the minors and would in the long run lead to lower state costs for this particular subject. (Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative)

The purpose of the adoption of the program is to sensitize professionals, parents, children and young people as well as the entire society to the problem of juvenile delinquency and increase their level of awareness of the existence of this problem, the establishment of systems solutions and mechanisms of action for the prevention of its occurrence and to alleviate its consequences.

For this purpose, the program is designed as a series of practical steps in the area of prevention juvenile delinquency. This program aims to promote various forms of communication in order to create a healthy and stimulating environment for the targeted group: the minors, and all of this by using different scientific methods and techniques that will be described further on.

Also, special attention is paid to the mechanism of introducing new interactive methods in the existing education system, both in schools as well as while the minor is incarcerated in the juvenile correctional facilities. Educational background aims to build better grounds providing a healthy environment in which juvenile delinquency is minimized. As it can see, the backbone of this program is education.

2.1. Duties and principles on which the program is based

The main tasks of the Program are as following:

to create a positive attitude towards respect for basic human values;
to mobilize social resources in promoting the prevention of juvenile delinquency;
to teach the culture of peace, tolerance, communication skills and mediation;
to develop the skills of critical thinking, analysis and non-violent conflict resolution.

The main principles on which the program will be based are:

equality,
pluralism of opinion,
dialogue,
priority of educational tasks,
unity of experts from different areas of expertise,
creative organization of educational activities,
connection with other programs (eg. Program against drug addiction and the like.),
maximum involvement of minors in practical activities,
involvement of family or community as a source of information and an active participant in the process,
implementation of interactive educational forms and methods.

This program does not aim to completely abolish juvenile violence nor has any country done this so far; this program aims to reduce the rate of juvenile delinquency and to put it under social control. Accordingly, in addition to the above, this program is expected to do the following:

increase the overall level of knowledge of all participants in the educational process about the problem and the consequences of juvenile delinquency as well as other socially unacceptable behavior (drug and alcohol abuse among others);
encourage civil / parental initiatives, initiatives by nongovernmental organizations, as well as initiatives for children and young people in different states and areas;
reduce the rates of juvenile delinquency on other types of behavior to a reasonable, socially acceptable level.

2.2. Main aspects of the program – implementation of the program

The initial steps in this program will include the following activities:

introduction to the program;
mobilization of teams to support the program;
training for different professionals;
finding the juvenile justice correction facilities which will implement the program;
linking with other governmental and nongovernmental institutions;
lobbing support for changes in laws and regulations;
support of NGOs dealing with the protection of children’s and minors rights, drug and substance abuse and other similar aspects;
implementation of the program in specific juvenile facilities on specific individuals –juveniles;
track and measurement of the results of the program.

Introduction to the program – the society will be properly introduced with the program and its main elements and purposes. This will be done by promoting the program in the media, different institutions, schools and other relevant aspects of the society.

Mobilization of teams to support the program – prior to the implementation of the program, team of specialized professionals from different fields of expertise will be recruited. These trained professionals will work on different aspects of the program, from its start to the final steps leading to its finalization and implementation.

Training for different professionals – upon their recruitment, professionals will be trained in order to provide their best skills and knowledge in the implementation process.

Finding the juvenile justice correction facilities which will implement the program – various juvenile justice correction facilities in different part of the United States will be approached to participate and take part in this program. Those juvenile facilities that fulfil the set conditions will be made part of the implementation process. It is important that these facilities are based in different part of the US in order that economic, social, cultural and other factors can be taken into consideration when analyzing the results.

Linking with other governmental and nongovernmental institutions – the implementer of the program, will make an effort to link the program with relevant governmental and nongovernmental subjects.

Lobbing support for changes in laws and regulations – the team members will make an active effort lobbing support for changes within the legal framework (introduce the program to relevant policymakers).

Support of NGOs dealing with the protection of children’s and minors rights, drug and substance abuse and other similar aspects – within the entire process, the program shall make an effort to be linked and supported by nongovernmental organizations dealing with similar topic and implement certain strategies together with these organizations.

Implementation of the program in specific juvenile facilities on specific individuals –juveniles – the implementation is the crucial step of the program. The program will be implemented on individuals incarcerated in juvenile facilities, not taking into consideration the following subjective aspects:

the gender of the minor;
the age of the minor;
crime (type of the crime) committed by the minor;
number of previously committed felonies,
his or hers economic or social background;
his or hers national, ethnic or religious background;
his or hers family status;
his or hers educational level;
or any other subjective aspect of the person of the minor.

This will provide transparency, an equal and objective approach as well as the diversity of the given results.

This program will be implemented in at least six different juvenile justice correctional facilities, in different parts of the United States as previously stated.

In this aspect the juvenile justice correctional facilities play a huge role: if these facilities are established in a way that the juveniles exit them “transformed”, this has a significant value for the entire society. (Snyder, H, 1999)

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The Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company DBMS

Case Study: The Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company DBMS

Abstract

Technology has changed the way corporations carry out their everyday activities. For any company to remain relevant in a highly technological world, they have to embrace modern tools. While Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company is a start-up, its reliance on paperwork may be its undoing when it comes to competing against business rivals.

However, the adoption of the new repository is strategic when it comes to offering quality service, proficiency, controlled inventory, informed decision making and a return on investment. In this age, when every other organization is jostling to implement technology, the use of the database will eradicate cabinets and shelves.

Apart from the ease of use, and increased efficiency, the technology will enable the company to have a competitive edge. This project is about the transition from paperwork to the adoption of database technology for enhanced management at Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company.

Purpose and Goal of the Project

Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company was founded by two computer scientists called Wayne and Marisol Peeples in 2007. The residents of Willow subdivision that comprise of 120 families is served by this company, which deals with rental of videos. However, Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company need a computerized system to keep track of all the money that flows in and out of the business and the assets.

While the company is smaller than the traditional video store, this process becomes easy to follow. With a paltry investment of $300, the company could cause the business to boast of success or be deemed a failure. As founders, we have not been aggressive enough to make a lot of money with the business.

The company was meant for the children not just in our community but in the neighboring communities as well. Because children are fond of movies, there was a need to feed them with much-needed content. The company has been operating largely from donations and from the small investment we plow back in the business. This has seen us invest approximately 90% of our profits back to the company.

The company is still in its embryonic state with less complex transactions, as such, we never conceptualized the need for computerisation of the equipment and information in our stores. The company relied heavily on paperwork, however, this is proving not just tedious for us but has also had a toll order on the proficiency.

The business has since grown with the closure of the traditional video renting stores that were competing with other company. The increased demand for entertainment has compelled us to shift from a small company mentality by increasing the capacity of the company. This has also resulted in the adoption of technological application that will render paperwork irrelevant.

With computerized systems, the company is able to track inventories, forecast the demand, enhance efficiency and ensure the quality of services. In the long run, this technology will ultimately offer a return on investments (ROI). The decision to transition from paperwork to embracing computerized system will ensure that the company is able to satisfy the needs of clients. It will also avoid overstocking as well as understocking. Moreover, technology will help the leadership make informed decisions for the sake of customer and its posterity.

The media room that has the capacity of seventy-five people was also added targeting private events. Research on the benefits accrued by using a database showed that it was a good thing to use since it is efficient and easy to use. It was then seen to be a good idea worth implementation into the company.

A relational data will be created on Microsoft access which is aimed at keeping track of all the DVDs and video games. The database will be important in the management of the company and its branches in case we think of setting them up. The whole research points at numerous advantages in using the database.

The main reason for the selection of Microsoft Access is its ability to work with databases without being intensively gifted in the discipline. The simple-to-make use of codecs made by Microsoft corporation in their program dubbed Microsoft access has made it very easy for anyone to work with databases (Donato, 2017).

This is done by supplanting an element of the entangled work. It also offers many choices which make it the best option. The interface in it which is easy to use enables anyone to work on the databases effectively.

The Microsoft Corporation considerations of people who are not good at making databases made them work on layouts that the user can download and use rapidly and efficiently. One can tailor the database from the ground up, designing it to fit into the enterprise. Many records are stored in Microsoft access such that when you start a similar business, you do not need to enter the data afresh when you start another venture that requires similar information.

Microsoft access also works hand in hand with other Microsoft office tools which include Microsoft word, Microsoft publisher, Microsoft power point and Microsoft excel. A good example is storing a spreadsheet in the database, a large volume of letters and store in the database and also storing several power point presentations and various Microsoft publications (Donato, 2017).

Name of the Project

The Peeples Family DVD and Game Rental Company DBMS

Users and Administrators

The database will be used and administered by the co-owners who are Wayne and Marisol Peeples, the employees and the head volunteers. The administration has to be done by the honest and most skilled personnel to prevent loss of information since the sensitive information must be safeguarded (Connolly et. al., 2014). Administrators and users should have different access rights. To ensure that information is well guarded and secured, administrators should implement strong passwords.

How the Work is Being Done Now.

Currently, records are kept in the traditional paper filing system. The system has proved tedious especially when it comes to information retrieval. This hardship in the retrieval of information is what made us come up with a computer database. The bulky files due to increasing number of transactions made it difficult for us to work with the paper filing (Connolly et. al., 2014). Moreover, with too much paper, the safety of important information becomes subject to manipulation and vandalism.

Platform that will be used

Microsoft access will be used for the long-term and the short-term. The information about the customer which includes his/her name, address, telephone numbers and their date of birth and other information regarding the stock will be included. The platform was chosen due to its ease of handling and its efficiency regarding the performance (Connolly et. al., 2014).

Entities and Data Elements Involved

The entries to be entered in the database include; customer information, information on DVDs and game rentals and information on sales. On the customer side, the name, the address, the telephone number and the date of birth of the customer are recorded.

On the DVDs rentals database, the information on the date which the DVD was rented and the date it was returned is recorded, the genre of the DVD is also recorded (Horror, Documentary, Family, etc.), the price to be paid by the customers for the rental, the game ratings, the type of games and which console they were made for (android, Xbox, PlayStation, windows, etc.).

On the sales part of the database, the name of the product, the number of products sold, the date in which the product was sold, and the name of the customer who bought or rented the product is recorded (Connolly et. al., 2014).

Database tables:

The database will compose of 3 tables which include: customer details, DVD games rental and sales tables. The first table will contain columns which contain customer name, customer address, telephone number and the date of birth. The second table will contain the date on which the DVD was rented and the date it was returned, the genre of the DVD, the rental price, game ratings and the types of games.

On the third table, the database will comprise of the columns for the product name, a number of sold products, the date, and the customer’s name. The database will be interconnected based on the client’s details, products bought and the information about sales. The process will be done concurrently to avoid confusion.

However, because of the interconnection, they will function dependently. This means that an individual’s information will be recorded in the first field; the second field will include what is bought, then sales information in the third field.

Forms

Forms will be used for the input of data into the tables. Forms will be used by customers to input their personal details. However, on the official part of the forms, information about the type of DVD games and the sales information will be captured. There is a form for both the first and the second table that requires the customer and the company to fill them.

The date of birth should have a calendar attached for easy insertion of dates. The date that the DVDs were rented should also contain a calendar attached. The column with the genre of the DVD contained a drop-down list listing them. The rating part contains stars to indicate ratings.

Queries and Reports

The database will contain some queries. There will be the consumer information query and the products bought or rented query. The information on the sales will provide special receipts for the customers as proof of payment for the goods and services. The printout will also contain the customer’s name and the product information.

Run-through

The run-through will go as follows: The user will enter the data into the customer information form. Then the data will be correspondently entered into the DVD rental or the sales form. The user will open up the customer’s information then a printout of the business transaction will be done by syncing it with the sales information.

References:

Connolly, A., Thomas, D., Carolyn B.(2014). Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management, 6th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions.

Donato, D. (2017). Advantages of Microsoft Access. Retrieved January 05, 2017, from https://www.techwalla.com/articles/advantages-of-microsoft-access

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Spiritual Disciplines

Spiritual disciplines

Spiritual disciplines form a natural component of the Christian life. In fact, nearly nothing of any importance in Christian lives can be achieved without it. Spiritual disciplines can be illustrated as deeds that enhance spiritual growth and allow people to grow to spiritual maturity. Moreover, the course of spiritual growth and development commence the moment an individual meets the risen Christ and draw closer to Him for salvation.

Spiritual disciplines play a significant role in the growth of an individual inner being, which has been altered by Christ at salvation. In addition, redeemed believers have experienced the full regeneration of their entire person from within, concerning variation in notion, feeling, and disposition that might be unhurried to manifest in their external deeds (Daniel, 2015).

There are several spiritual disciplines that individuals apply and have shown immense capability in changing their lives. The common spiritual disciplines applied by individuals include prayer, fasting, scripture reading, worship, and service. Since I received salvation and decided to devote my life to Christ, I have been applying various spiritual disciplines in my daily life to assist in my personal development.

The first spiritual discipline that I employ involves the Word of God and comprises the reading, study, memorization, and meditation of scripture. These spiritual disciplines have played a noteworthy role in my personal development, and as Daniel notes if these spiritual disciplines are ignored, there is no other effort to control ourselves that will be successful because we merely do not possess the power to prevail over the opposition of the sin nature in which our new natures dwell.

In addition, we do not have the power to triumph over the resistance of demonic pressures whose plan is constantly to disconnect us from the single source of spiritual growth, the Word of God. Scripture memorization has also been an essential component in my spiritual life. I usually do scripture memorization twice a week, especially during the evening before I go to sleep. Daniel argues that individuals have been offered the free will to select what they want to put in their minds, thereby making scripture memorization important in human lives.

Moreover, since Christians believe that the Bible is the Word of God they are called upon to memorize it as it facilitates Christians to keep it always in the front of their minds, which makes it possible for them to react to all life situations according to its teachings (Daniel, 2015).

The other spiritual disciplines that I have applied in my life include prayer and fasting. Daniel proposes that prayer has the ability to transform people’s viewpoint and further adjust what they look from others. Moreover, prayer changes how people react to predicaments. Prayer is a great source of spiritual growth for me and I usually pray in the morning when I wake up and in the evening before I sleep. Conversely, whenever I want to attain a larger spiritual objective I fast. Since it is possible to fast from pleasures, such as social media or any other activities that convey fulfillment and happiness, I desire to focus my fasting from food, and I fast mostly two or three days (Daniel, 2015).

Common temptations

The major challenge of being a Christian is the temptations we face each day, but resisting temptation is the essential component of every Christian’s life. Christian temptations differ in various aspects, however they can be tempted, and stand firm. Personally as a Christian, I often face temptations on a regular basis, but refusing to accept the temptation is what allows me to succeed and grow spiritually. In spite of standing firm, I often face temptations that tend to have an influence on my spiritual life.

The temptations that I commonly face include overuse of electronic and social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, video games, and television. This is the temptation I face on regular basis and find it not easy to oppose, but since Christians posses the internal strength to counter temptations if they turn to God, this always constitute part of my appeal when I am praying to God (Presbyterian Mission Agency, 2012).

Blind spots and weaknesses

Everyone has blind spots in their discernment that keep them from seeing the certainty about others and themselves. Since people are at times blinded to truth, they are powerless and crippled by blame and disgrace, rage and bitterness, and fear and worry. Several people live unnecessarily in defeat, powerless to their own faults or the faults of others. Moreover, they stagger around in life with blind spots blocking the work God wants to do in them.

Nevertheless, it should not be this way since regardless of how broken or upset, each person can find out the way to healing, optimism, and a pleasant new way of living. On the other hand, people always feel they have a weakness that affects their capacity to do bigger things. In fact, in the Bible, Paul felt similar way; however, he utilized his weakness to have great impacts on other people (Arterburn, 2015).

As a devoted Christian I try very hard to live a life that is in line with the Christ teachings, however I have identified some blind spots and weakness that drags me back. The stubborn resistance is the blind spots that have an influence on my spiritual life. Arterburn argues that stubborn resistance is when people develop practices and inhibitions that they do not consider of letting go.

People often hurt themselves and those around them, thus allowing things to worsen in almost every area of their lives. Furthermore, rather than searching for ways to get rid of these blind spots, people refute that they have a problem. Nevertheless, in my case I have discovered that willingness is essential in overcoming stubborn resistance, although it is not very easy to overcome the blind spot in a moment or a day, but the realization that I have a problem is a greater step towards conquering the blind spot.

Conversely, I have recognized that there are weaknesses that have an immense effect on my Christian life. Blame shifting tends to have an influence on how I react when things do not occur as I have anticipated, especially things done in a group. Morally, everyone has a weakness, but it is when we accept where the weaknesses are that we are more likely to prevail over them. Therefore, in my case since I have understood in which circumstances that I am more likely to shift the blame, then I will be more watchful and ask for God’s assistance, when I find myself in that situation (Arterburn, 2015).

References

Arterburn, S. (2015, January 28). 5 blind spots blocking god’s work in you. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.crosswalk.com/faith/spiritual-life/5-blind-spots-blocking-god-s-work-in-you.html

Daniel, D. (2015, January 9). 5 Spiritual Disciplines that Will Change Your Life. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.crosswalk.com/faith/spiritual-life/5-spiritual-disciplines-that-will-change-your-life.html

Presbyterian Mission Agency. (2012, March 18). Spiritual practices and disciplines — spiritual formation — mission and ministry — Presbyterian mission agency. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from https://pma.pcusa.org/ministries/spiritualformation/disciplines/

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An Amortization Schedule

An amortization schedule refers to a tabular presentation of the mortgage loan payment schedule, indicating the interest and principal amount paid until the loan is repaid fully (Brechner & Bergeman, 2014). An amortization calculator is used in developing the schedule, based on the amount, interest rate and repayment period. The amortization schedule is generally utilized for identifying the amount paid, to both interest and principal, and the outstanding balance.

An amortization schedule helps in the generation of identical payment over the repayment period, such that the entire amount is paid by the end of the period (Biafore, 2013).

The schedule is used in determining the percentage of interest to be paid during each period in comparison to the principal amount to be repaid. In essence, it separates the portion of payment that covers the interest expense from the portion the premium paid to the principal in each period. Biafore (2013) notes that even though a similar amount of premium is paid towards the mortgage each period, the amount allocated to the principal and interest varies each time.

This variation can be observed from the amortization table. The amortization schedule ensures that the borrower and lender are on the same page with regards to the amount repaid and amount owed. This means that in case of any dispute, the schedule acts as reference on the history of payment and pending balances.

The amortization table is useful to the borrowers in that it is a basis for organizing their finances. The borrower is able to track payments made, interest paid and money owed at any given time; such that they can determine their home equity at any given time. Lenders on the other hand can track what is owed by borrowers.

Response 3

In amortizing the mortgage, a significant amount of the payments paid during the initial months mostly comprises of interest, while the remaining amount is paid to the principal (Biafore, 2013). The payments to interest then start declining as the mortgage is repaid, such that the interest paid in the later years is minimal or none.

Accordingly, the tax deducted based on home mortgage interest is likely to be higher during the initial years when a larger amount of interest is being paid, compared to later years when the interest being paid has reduced significantly. In this regard, it is logical to state that interest paid in earlier years plays a more helpful role in in tax reduction than interest paid in forthcoming years.

Response 4

An ordinary annuity differs from annuity due, mainly based on the timing. While the amount due in ordinary annuity is paid at each period end, an annuity due consists of cash flow series that occurs at each period’s beginning. The second difference is related with payment. In ordinary annuity, the payment done is associated with the period that precedes its date (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2016).

Examples include mortgage payment, loans and coupon bearing bonds. Payment in an annuity due on the other hand, is associated with the period that follows its date. Examples include insurance premiums and rental lease payments.

Problems

If interest rates are 8 percent, what is the future value of a $400 annuity payment over six years? Unless otherwise directed, assume annual compounding periods.

Future Value (FV) = P x [((1 + r)ⁿ– 1) / r]

Where P = Annual payments

r = Interest rate

n = Number of years

FV = 400 x [((1 + 0.08)⁶-1)/ 0.08]

= $2,934.37

Recalculate the future value at 6 percent interest and 9 percent interest.

6% Interest

FV = 400 x [((1 + 0.06)⁶-1)/ 0.06]

= $2,790.13

9% interest

FV = 400 x [((1 + 0.09)⁶-1)/ 0.09]

= $3,009.33

If interest rates are 5 percent, what is the present value of a $900 annuity payment over three years? Unless otherwise directed, assume annual compounding periods.

Present Value (PV) = P [(1 – (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)) / r]

Where P = Annual payments

r = Interest rate

n = Number of years

PV = $900 [(1 – (1/(1+0.05)³))/0.05]

= $2,450.92

Recalculate the present value at 10 percent interest and 13 percent interest.

10 Percent

PV = $900 [(1 – (1/(1+0.1)³))/0.1]

= $2,238.17

13 Percent

PV = $900 [(1 – (1/(1+0.13)³))/0.13]

= $2,125.04

What is the present value of a series of $1150 payments made every year for 14 years when the discount rate is 9 percent?

Present Value (PV) = P [(1 – (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)) / r]

Where P = Annual payments

r = Interest rate

n = Number of years

PV = $1150 [(1 – (1/(1+0.09)¹⁴))/0.09]

= $ 8,954.07

Recalculate the present value using discount rate of 11 percent and 12 percent.

11 Percent

PV = $1150 [(1 – (1/(1+0.11)¹⁴))/ 0.11]

= $8029.15

12 Percent

PV = $1150 [(1 – (1/(1+0.12)¹⁴))/ 0.12]

= $7,622.39

References

Biafore, B. (2013). QuickBooks 2014: The Missing Manual: The Official Intuit Guide to QuickBooks 2014. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc.

Brechner, R. & Bergeman, G. (2014). Contemporary Mathematics for Business and Consumers, Brief Edition. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Ehrhardt, M. C. & Brigham, E. F. (2016). Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

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Engineering: Personal Career Statement

Personal Career Statement

The world today is blessed with so many developments. These propel people to achieve greater heights when utilized correctly. I have seen how the world is changing and how people are struggling to match the changes. People are now equipping themselves with the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to compete with the fast-developing world and the people.

Not wanting to be left behind, I took the time to think of the skills that I have and my interests so that I will be able to decide on the best profession that suits me well. After careful deliberation, I have come to realize that I would want to be an Engineer in the future. It is in this field where I believe I can be of much contribution and where I will best fit.

As a child, I have always admired tall infrastructures and wondered how people were able to build such. I thought to myself that one day I would want to be one of those people who build buildings and bridges. Now that I am at the point where my decision will determine my future career, I have come to realize that this is now the perfect time for me to start making my dream of becoming an Engineer come to reality.

“Professional Engineers apply lifelong learning, critical perception and engineering judgement to the performance of engineering services” (Cruickshanks-Boyd & McIntosh, 2016. 7), challenging current thinking and conceptualizing alternative approaches. Furthermore, professional engineers engage in researching and developing new principles, materials and technologies that I find interesting.

It is with much conviction that I say that if given the opportunity to study this degree, I will be able to tackle all the difficulties that go with the course. My strong determination and will to succeed will help see me through during tough times. Worth mentioning here is the studies that I have undergone for three years at Coventry University. I must say that it is in this institution where I was molded to become a person who is fit to compete in the professional world.

With ample outside the classroom experiences that exposed me to different real-life situations, the University had developed in me resilience, perseverance, diligence, and adaptability which I believe are characteristics needed in the field of engineering. Furthermore, the curriculum offered at Coventry University was comprehensive and afforded me the knowledge in all the classroom teachings which were administered with expert supervision.

Now, with much belief for a bright future, I hope that I will be granted admission in the field of engineering for I am certain that this is the field that best fits my interest, capabilities, skills, and experiences. If given the opportunity I vow to prioritize my studies, to allocate my time to school-related activities, and to maximize all resources in order to make learning enjoyable and most of all, enriching.

The future indeed, holds so much promise. It is up for me to decide whether to grab that promise or to just remain where I am. I am taking the road less traveled, the one which may be difficult but one which is the most fulfilling in the end. Engineering is not an easy course nor is it an easy profession but I am prepared to do whatever it takes to become one.

Reference

Cruickshanks-Boyd, D. & McIntosh J. (2016). The state of the engineering profession.

Retrieved 3 February 2017 from

https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/uploaded/the_state_of_the_engineering_profession_engineers_australia_2016.pdf

Nursing Career: Letter of Intent

Letter of intent

Nursing is a very challenging and demanding career. I am willing to follow a career in which I am able to help and care for people, becoming a nurse would allow me to achieve this determination. Nursing is a career for enthusiastic, consistent, trusting people who are able to improve relations with patients quickly.

I have this expertise and I sincerely want to make a difference to people, to contribution them and their families over and done with challenging times when they are at their most vulnerable. The role of nursing is changing as nurses are distant more involved in the prosperity of patients and this is insertion more responsibility on nurses.

Nursing has constantly been there an ambition of mine and appreciative this takes potentials such as being faithful, spontaneous, supportive and appreciating outstanding communication skills. The ability to play delicately and being self-confident when handling the suffering of parents. Nursing profession plays an important role and also be reliable, trusting, able to develop relationships, be interactive, compassionate, motivated, ambitious and hardworking.

My course has given me the opportunity to gain new and inspiring understanding from each of the various units we have studied. I believe I have these potentials and will improve further knowledge, skills, and abilities. Overall I believe I am right for this course I am very much a people person, easy going and very responsive.

I can correspondingly manage in a multiplicity of situations, I always effort my inflexible as I am highly enthusiastic as well as self-motivated. In my opinion, it is significant to have good communication skills, be caring, concerned and open-minded and always be point toward to improve.

There are times when I find my job concentrated and strenuous but it agrees me to grow as a being and develop as a caring expert. I want a job that is inspiring, that will reduce my restrictions and always make me learn. I am responsive of the implication research plays in improving healthcare and accomplished a research project. This involved a lot of arrangement, training and time management. My study turns around sustaining self-respect and high opinion in the care of older patients.

It is a topic I feel intensely about and one which I reflect every day at work. Although training as a work-related therapist, I worked together with other healthcare medical practitioner and became progressively more interested in the nursing profession. I worked with people of all ages with physical, mental and learning ill health in a range of diverse backgrounds and saw the positive effect nurses had on people. Resulting finishing point of my degree I initiated work as a health care associate.

To become a nurse would be to live my life doing something I am passionate about. I will bring determination, a preparedness to learn and a positive frame of mind. I want to do a job that difficulties to people and I want to be able to increase vitality and encouragement the mental state of patients.

I am both motivated and anxious at the observation of becoming a nurse and I am more than agreeable to set all I can interest in pleasant a great one. I am self-confident of taking on this challenge and to take advantage of these changes and opportunities and use them to further my career. I am deeply obsessive about nursing and I am now looking forward to an extensive and achieving career in this field.

REFERENCES

Sherman, J. (2017). Why do you want to be a nurse? Students share their sentiments. [online] Css.edu. Available at: https://www.css.edu/the-sentinel-blog/why-do-you-want-to-be-a-nurse-students-share-their-sentiments.html [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017].
Essayedge.com. (2017). What Your Nursing Personal Statement Should Say About You. [online] Available at: https://www.essayedge.com/medical/editing/nursing/nursing-personal-statement [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017].

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