When it comes to the desktop, Amazon is the best dealer in computing hardware because the benefits seem compelling. To start with, Amazon’s desktops are;
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Centralized and simplified management
In Amazon, software updates are disseminated in a centralized way, this is because IT does not need to control individual implementation of every computer. In addition, implementation can take place from a central management console. Updates not only occur on desktops but also mobile applications. Centralized server infrastructure offers the benefit of simple backup functionalities.
With efficient infrastructure as well as bandwidth, this technique will reduce network traffic that can occur from different desktops. Amazon also allows IT to offer a significant level of security and compliance. Servers can easily be locked and protected in a manageable way, will less threat to desktop susceptibility. For instance, the administrator can ensure that security control is centralized while reducing malware footprints, in the case of attacks. Desktops may be re-commissioned when risks emerge.
Low cost and computer hardware
On harnessing of server power not seen to users, Amazon provides the advantage of efficient utilization of a central computing ability. This minimizes the costs of buying new hardware and related software, license, and support expenses. When it comes to the total cost of desktop, monitor, printers, mouse, operating system and office suite, Amazon offers a fair deal in comparison to other two vendors namely Smart Price and OutletPc.
In term of performance, an i7 processor is more powerful than an i5, but with a memory upgrade an i5 can just perform as excellent as an i7. Again, the speeds for the Dell system are so good at 3.3 GHZ. With a 2.0 Terabyte, the computer can store millions of files. The laser printer would be the better option in comparison on inkjet printers.
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Moreover, the printer is not just compatible with the network, but it has a printing resolution of 800. It is also able to print 72 A4 size papers in one minute. When it comes to the interface, Amazon has a better offer as opposed to other dealers. It would be imprudent to acquire an operating system at $150 or $199 when you can buy the same at $99.
The minimum requirements for a monitor regarding dimension is 18 inches, at Amazon, one can get Dell UltraSharp cost-effectively that other two vendors. In the end, it will approximately $14, 180 to buy brand new desktops from Amazon which is far cheaper than buying from SmartPrice at $22,500 and OutletPc at $14, 950.46 respectively
Enhanced mobility and access
Again, Amazon desktops offer users remote accessibility using various computing tools. This is extremely accommodating characteristics for remote as well as mobile users who lack a fixed working region. With some Amazon applications, the active desktop condition may be safeguarded, allowing users to begin where they left.
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An Enemy of the people: Book Report
Miller’s adaptation of Ibsen’s play is highly interesting, even the preface itself is fascinating. Arthur Miller dedicates the whole preface to describing what he tried to do with Henrik Ibsen’s celebrated play, An Enemy of the People. The motivations for Arthur Miller for choosing this play was essentially to illustrate that Henrik Ibsen is not out-of-date.
One of the main intentions of Arthur Miller’s adaptation of Ibsen’s play is certainly to convey the original message. In this report, the play An Enemy of the People is discussed in an exhaustive manner. The setting of the play, the plot, the main characters and the main theme are discussed. The author of this play is also described.
An Enemy of the People is certainly one of the most well-known and popular plays amongst producers and audiences and was initially written by Henrik Ibsen in the nineteenth century. Even so, it is also believed to be one of Arthur Miller’s famous staged works. The play was written in the year 1882 by Ibsen and a small coastal town in Norway serves as the setting.
The plot of this play was rooted in the real-life censure that Henrik Ibsen went through due to his 1881 controversial play, Ghosts. Henrik Ibsen’s plays were renowned for their pragmatist style (Miller, 2010). In the year 1950, Arthur Miller requested for the right to write an adaptation of An Enemy of the People. In translating the text from Norwegian into English, Miller retained most of the original text.
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The play An Enemy of the People by Arthur Miller, which was adapted from Henrik Ibsen’s drama, is focused on a conflict between 2 brothers, Peter Stockmann and Dr. Stockmann. It also focuses on a conflict between the freedom and the suppression of speech. Peter Stockmann and Dr. Stockmann reside in an unidentified town which has of late finished building a medicinal bath on the town’s outer edge referred to as Kirsten Springs.
The Mayor of this town is Peter Stockmann who brags about the possible benefits which Kirsten Springs would present to the town. He envisages Kirsten Springs bringing tourists and visitors to the town – something that would increase the revenues of the town, provide enough employment opportunities for people of the town, and make businesses thrive (Ibsen, 2010). He also has the expectation that the town would in due course become a top resort in the region.
Dr. Stockmann, who is a scientist and a medical doctor, has suggested that the town should not construct Kirsten Springs in the site which has been chosen. Even so, members of the Council along with his brother Peter Stockmann disregard Dr. Stockmann’s recommendation. Dr. Stockmann believes that the water which pours into the Springs may be contaminated but he does not divulge his fears to anybody given that he does not want to alarm anybody needlessly in case he is incorrect (Miller, 2011).
In an attempt to verify what he believes to be true, Dr. Stockmann sent samples of water away to a certain university for them to be analyzed. The analysis report from the university divulges that the water which pours into the Springs is contaminated with an organic matter infection. The editor of Hovstad, a local newspaper, becomes aware of the report from the university and wants to publish this report in his newspaper.
Dr. Stockmann asks the editor, Hovstad, to hold-up printing the report until he notifies the Mayor of the town, Peter Stockmann, as regards the contents of the report. The doctor is sure that Peter would want the report published so that the people of the town could be cautioned and informed regarding the health risk.
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After reading the report, Peter Stockmann meets with his brother Dr. Stockmann to talk about the report. The Mayor is disappointed that Dr. Stockmann decided to examine and look into the water quality without informing him first. Peter believes that the report is overstated and that his brother wants to challenge and undermine his position since he loathes authority. In the town, Dr. Stockmann is a respected and outstanding doctor who has outdone his older brother Peter constantly (Miller, 2011).
In this situation, Peter Stockmann is confronted with an ugly truth which has the potential of destroying his dreams of the town becoming a popular and rich tourist resort. Peter also has to tackle his own personal demons in dealing with Dr. Stockmann who happens to be his accomplished younger sibling.
Peter Stockmann then spreads the word throughout the town that Dr. Stockmann wants to ruin it. The people of the town, who do not want to face the horrible prospects which the water report is representing, choose to believe that the words of their Mayor and snub Dr. Stockmann, who is not permitted to speak publicly regarding the dangers existing in the water supply of the town or publish the water report in the newspaper.
In spite of what Dr. Stockmann is confronted with, be it loss of income, threats of arrest or violence, isolation, or being called an enemy of the people, he would not forsake the truth and he in fact ends up fighting the whole town to do what is right for the town and townspeople (Ibsen, 2010). Even though when play concludes, Dr. Stockmann and his family have been banished from the town and are in fact outcasts, Dr. Stockmann is sure and positive that the path which he has chosen is the right one.
Even though he is the only individual in the town who is fighting for the truth, he recognizes eventually that he is doing what is right and that it would make him a stronger person (Miller, 2011).
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On the whole, the main theme in An Enemy of the People is truth and morality; this is the theme which is clear and evident. Dr. Stockmann is determined to reveal the whole truth even if the information puts himself as well as his family in danger. That crucial information could affect the safety of his friends and his neighbours also. In this play, the audience and readers follow Dr. Stockmann, a man who discovered that the town’s water supply is contaminated. As a result of his efforts to disclose this information to the people of the town, his safety, his family, and his repute are put in jeopardy.
The key characters in this play include Peter Stockmann and Dr. Stockmann. Peter, who is the town’s mayor and the brother of Dr. Stockmann, is motivated by power and money. Peter Stockmann appears to be representing the government and the lengths which the government would go just to keep its citizens uninformed of wrongdoings. In the play, Peter acts as the antagonist. Dr. Stockmann is the play’s key character and is motivated by the truth.
In spite of the cost, Dr. Stockmann wants to provide the truth to the people of the town. He is the play’s protagonist. This character may represent science, or any profession which has as issue with places or products which the government considers safe for the citizens. Other noteworthy characters are Billing and Hovstad who are actually contributors to The People’s Daily Messenger, the local newspaper (Miller, 2011).
These two characters appear to be motivated by controversy. When Billing and Hovstad concur about publishing the findings of Dr. Stockmann, Hovstad states that this is just the start, which implies that the two want to publish a number of editorials that may bring the government down. Moreover, in the play, Aslaksen is the individual who publishes The People’s Daily Messenger. Aslaksen is motivated by money and he conducts himself in a manner that may sell the most newspapers and keep the peace with the people of the town.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, An Enemy of the People play is without doubt one of the most renowned plays amongst producers and audiences and was initially written by Henrik Ibsen in the nineteenth century. In spite of that, it is also one of Arthur Miller’s eminent staged works. Truth and morality is the overriding theme in this play. Dr. Stockmann is strong-minded and wants to expose the whole truth although the information puts himself as well as his family in danger. The key characters include Dr. Stockman, Peter Stockman, Billing and Hovstad.
References
Ibsen, H. (2010). An enemy of the people. London, England: Penguin Plays Miller, A. (2011). An enemy of the people. Adapted by Arthur Miller. New York City, NY: Longman Literature
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Introduction
The paper sets out to analyze the website structure of http://er.eEducause.edu. Apart from stating the purpose, it will also examine the pros and cons that come with the structure and layout in general. Subsequently, the paper will discuss important lessons learned from the article on Enterprise-Level Networking and whether or not the source is appropriate for research.
A summary description of the website’s structure, purpose, pros and cons
The usability and design of http://er.eEducause.edu are rather complex. As such, it calls for searching several pages and hyperlinks to get that exact data one intends to use. A site with the right usability should be easy to use without necessary examining some pages or hyperlinks to get what they are searching for (Clark, 2002). Again, search engine optimization is the basis for any successful website.
However, Educause.edu has not been optimized appropriately; this is a deterrent factor when it comes to search engine ranking. On the other hand, the website has various content formats such as videos, slides, pictures, and text. If well optimized, this may turn the internet site into a resourceful hub. Loading speed for the website is quite remarkable.
Enterprise-Level Networking
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The quality of videos and pictures are excellent. Nonetheless, modern information websites are mainly generated by way of social media platforms and other associated sites that enhance user interaction. The website has been integrated with youtube.com and twitter; this creates a channel to enhance information sharing. Moreover, the website has a blog that presents a platform for discussion. The capability for users to respond to the articles allows for the interaction with other users that have similar or divergent opinions (Clark, 2002).
Articles are clustered in a category format; this allows for quick peruse. Navigation is done from the right-hand side of the website. Again, the website has a module that permits members to log into the system. For instance, end users can only make comments by becoming members. Apart from social media and blog interaction, a guest can drop an email using the contact link provided at the footer panel. In the end, the homepage layout is simple and professional.
Lessons Learned
Based on this website, it is clear that during initial adoption, the majority of IT firms concentrate on the abilities of the project. For instance, in the wireless systems, the main capability is providing internet connectivity across the organization without necessarily connecting to a wall outlet. Such capability presents various benefits to different areas; employees can access the system as well as the internet during the meeting, scholars can work from anywhere when they gather data, and students can use their laptops across the campus (Grochow, 2015).
Enterprise-Level Networking
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Besides the immediate advantages, IT workers often raise the likelihood of unique benefit, which is wireless networks can minimize or eliminate the importance of wired systems, hence decrease the cost of infrastructure. Furthermore, several new wireless tools would require additional bandwidth; something wired networks will need to comply with. Another aspect to put into consideration is the newness of wireless systems and the relevance to replace the whole infrastructure in the long run.
This website is useful because it demonstrates the need for installing new infrastructures while maintaining old ones or adopting new technology and learning that the new editions supersede it. Therefore, whereas one can expect different benefits from new infrastructure, there is often a risk that such benefits may not be attained. A thorough risk assessment will search for the effects of estimated benefits being unsuccessful and other possible risks such as consequences on a network of departments.
Allowing employee participation is a primary strategy to eliminate surprises while showing that risks have to be assessed comprehensively (Grochow, 2015). By and large, with a new infrastructure, risks and benefits are described with no much information to draw upon. This implies the assessment is significantly qualitative, but some aspects can be quantified. Subjective analysis can come from surveys or experiences from other organizations.
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Business Operations Decision
This paper aims at presenting low-calorie microwavable foods to support the firm’s continuous operational decisions. The paper will assess the results of supply chain since it demonstrates the existing market structure while putting into consideration the expected changes to sell environment and some of the factors that may lead to such a change. Also, the paper will assess the main short run as well as long-term production and cost functionalities as used to new cost information to establish whether there are conditions that can result in discontinuation of business operations decision.
Because there are changes in the market structure, it is important to examine the pricing structure to increase profits. In the end, the paper will present two strategies the firm should implement to enhance profitability while maximizing shareholder value.
Market Structure and Its Effectiveness for the Company
Each firm in a competitive market is the plays an important role in determining the price while the equilibrium cost as well as productivity in the industry are due to supply and demand. Low-calorie microwavable food market demonstrates the way in which demand and supply produced in perfect competition; regulate total productivity and the cost clients are ready to part with. In this case, the equilibrium cost and quantity are 407.65 and 24,335 respectively.
QD = 65,100 -100P
Qs = -7909.89 +79.0989P.
Companies in the purely competitive market have no power regarding the cost of their goods. Nevertheless, it may determine the quantity supplied to the market. Success or failure relies mainly on a pure competitive selling environment and the manner in which the firm identifies production expenses and depicts its products. The capacity of productivity revolves around the revenue the company will generate by producing goods (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014).
The company should implement strategies of conducting operations to make sure that it increases profits and output in the long run. An effective strategy is necessary when it comes to defining the efficacy of selling environment the firm operates. Furthermore, a proper plan will mainly highlight the availability of products, some enterprises participating, pricing patterns and powerful methods of brand promotion.
Business Operations Decision
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2. Changes in market structure and reasons that have caused changes from the market structure specified in Assignment 1.
Market survey shows that variations in the market structure are based on perfect and the imperfect market systems (Bragg, 2012). In an imperfect competitive oligopoly environment, the organization has the power to determine the price of its products. Information on competing organization demonstrated that there about 15 firms competing for low-calorie microwavable foods’ market share, out of which three companies control 75% of the market.
When it comes to sells, the firm is position 2 with approximately 77% of low-calorie microwavable foods, which reflects market concentration share, which is simply a measure of total market main players in the sector possess. For that reason, it may be necessary to assume that the firm is currently operating in the oligopolistic market, which is a competitive selling environment with relatively a few firms offering comparable brands as well as services (Routledge, 2008). The primary cause of such market is the withdrawal of rivals or increases or declines in the product costs (Bragg, 2012).
These changes mostly impact the operations of the company in different ways. To start with, there is likely to be significant output because the market share grows due to increases operation expenses influencing advertisement and labor costs. It is clear that labor costs may decline in the long run since the companies are controlling new firms are solidifying while redundant positions are eliminated (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014). Moreover, these changes can make an organization to modify its operations and adopt modern technologies in the operations.
Business Operations Decision
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3. Short and long-run production and cost functions for the frozen, low-calorie microwavable food company.
TC = 160,000,000 + 100Q + 0.0063212Q2
VC = 100Q + 0.0063212Q2
MC= 100 + 0.0126424Q
From assignment 1 QD = 350,000 -100 P
QS = -7909.89 + 79.0989P
ATC = TC/Q
= (160,000,000/Q) + (100Q + 0.0063212Q2)/Q
= (160,000,000/Q) + 100 + 0.0063212Q
AFC = 160, 000, 000/Q
AVC = 100 + 0.0063212Q
To determine production level for minimizing average total price, it is necessary to compute the average total cost to minimum cost.
This to say; the cost of Q =159,096.35 exemplifies production level, which reduces the average total cost. Meanwhile, when production level = 159.096.36, it is easier to fabricate optimum average collective price.
To determine the time it takes manufacturing at the lowest average total cost (ATC):-
This presents per-unit price of production, especially the proficient echelon. In the long-run, if the market varies, a company is forced to generate at the lowest total average price.
Business Operations Decision
4. Circumstances under which a firm should cease operations.
The association between ATC, average variable cost (AVC), and minimal costs (MC) can be illustrated well using a graph. The MC curvature transects the ATC and AVC curves at their lowermost points. Subsequently, price plummets with MC beneath AVC; however, price rises when the MC is above the average cost. While MC represents price of fabricating the last production unit, MC curve escalates with the measure of production, as such, the MC curve intersects ATC and AVC curves underneath their lowest points and increases.
The form of Minimal Cost curve is informed by the Rule of Shrinking Earnings. Shrinking proceeds in the fundamental logic come about in the event that marginal product flows an increasing measure of a parameter with a corresponding input is smeared to a fixed one (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014).
In this regard, the closure point is where the minimum AVC overlaps the MC. The firm can contemplate shutting down operations, when the cost plummets below the lowest point b as indicated on the graph. Implicitly by closing down the business can avoid running into more losses. It is only prudent for the organization to close down operations instead of accruing losses.
Business Operations Decision
However, the company can only go about with services by putting in place contingency measures and a strategy that allows it to change tactic and curtail losses (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014). This may be realized by changing production to a different SRATC curve through several capital alternatives.
When it comes to the breakeven point, the MC transects the ATC. Nonetheless, if the market price falls beneath $21.11, represented by point C on the chart, and above point b, the business may proceed with activities in the short-term. Largely, this may be because the price at the lowest point takes care of variable and fixed cost. Nonetheless, in the long-term under competitive setting, the firm has to quit the industry. As recapped by Stokes, the company’s administration has to play an integral role when it comes to market issues, putting market research individuals and being at the forefront dealing with market costs (Stokes, 2008).
Business Operations Decision
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5. The pricing policy that will allow frozen, low-calorie microwavable food company to capitalize on profits.
With regards to increasing profitability, I suggest cost profit maximization method, whereby the marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. In this procedure, the firms examine the suitable output with the price levels with the goal of increasing returns. Quantity q* is illustrated by the convergence of MR and MC curves. The price that matches the amount is obtained by increasing q* with the demand curve to find p*.
There is another useful price rule that will be effective at a high rate will reduce the sales below q* while a lower price is likely to increase sales above q*. With the demand function, QD=350,000- 100P, inverse demand function can easily be calculated;-100P =350,000-Q.
P= (350,000/100) – Q/100
= 3,500 – 0.01Q
Total Revenue (TR) = P*Q
= (3,500 – 0.01Q)*Q
= 3,500Q – 0.01 Q2
MR = TR/Q
= 3500-0.02Q
Therefore, to increase earnings, marginal revenue should be compared to marginal cost.
MR = MC
3,500 – 0.02 Q = 100 + 0.0126424 Q
3,400 = 0.0326424Q
104,159.01 = Q
Q denotes return optimizing production that is beneath the output at the lowest average total yield. Therefore, realizing the actual cost for the fabricated unit, to enhance profit, the quantity in the profit is substituted as follows:-
P = 3,500 – 0.01Q
= 3,500 – 0.01Q (104,159.01)
= 2,458.41 = $ 24.58
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Business Operations Decision
6. To evaluate its financial performance.
Based on this computation, production permutation of 104, 159.01 units and with $24.58 as the retailing price puts us at the apex of our profit activity. Owing to our market power, the amalgamation puts the company in the changeable position of the demand curve. Any increase in the price will culminate in the loss of market share and a price fall that lead to higher profit realization. The computation below evaluates the fiscal performance with a fabrication quantity of 104,159.01 units
Products retailing at $24.58 and nevertheless, it take $22.95 to manufacture, generating earnings to the tune of $1.63 per unit. This is a monetary profit.
In this case, short-range earnings would be computed as; T R – TC
Where; TR = P *Q
Therefore; $24.58 * 104,159.01
= $2,560,228.47
TC = ATC * Q
$22.95 * 104,159.01
$2,390,449.28
Profit = $2,560,228.47 – $2,390,449.28
$169,779.19
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Business Operations Decision
7. Two (2) ways the firm can improve profitability and deliver more value to its stakeholders.
The significant costs to the firm are increasing energy costs, and raw material. Much as the organization has broadened the operations through brand innovations; the fixed as well as variable costs keep on increasing. The organization should search for strategies of reducing fuel, raw material and packaging expenses (Bragg, 2012). With regards to reducing fuel costs, the firm can use a direct delivery structure regarding scheduled sales and online orders by each client. Consequently, the company may put into consideration other external delivery channels.
Because the firm handles individual client orders, it should it account the use of direct to customer sales as a campaign to fund learning institutions or other entities. Again, the company needs to consider the techniques of minimizing packaging expenses by either converting the material to cryogenic freezing or suitable packaging methods (Routledge, 2008). By and large, the organization should allow employee participation, especially in the identification of reducible expenses and strategies of conducting such identifications.
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Communication Strategies
Introduction
The paper evaluates two models of communication strategies namely transactional and methodological triangulation theories of communication. The paper sets out by describing the two models, citing examples and how both apply not just in real life, but how individuals involved were affected. Moreover, the paper will equally collaborate real life experiences and how a similar situation may be approached differently.
The transactional theory of communication is beyond just a two-way discussion that involves the speaker and audience. Many factors of communication have often been disregarded. However, times are an integral factor when it comes to communication. There is an enormous disparity regarding communication between two strangers and close friends.
Transactional Model
Transactional model is where two persons communicate through several conduits with corresponding messages. When it comes to other models of communications, messages can not only be misrepresented, but people may be distracted, resulting in misinterpretation that fuels and hampers the model.
For instance,
Hello there!
Hi, how are you?
What’s cooking up, today?
Nothing much, just headed for work, how about you?
Communication Strategies
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People tend to adopt a transactional way, especially when exchanging e-mails or messages. With this type of communication, people literary exchange value for one another, for instance in a greeting where each affords the other some comfort of sorts through a well-defined transactional custom. However, the real transaction may be primarily anchored in the perspective.
Transactions that involve people at home are something else from those between folks at work or along the boulevard. Transactional theory puts more emphasis on reciprocity. A change in the communicator might initiate a change in the surrounding that may later have an impact on the receiver.
Transactional theory presumes that individuals are interlinked through communication; they engage in business dealings. It acknowledges that parties involved in any transaction are senders and receivers. Again, it recognizes the fact that communication has an effect on parties involved. As such, communication is soft of simultaneous. Moreover, the theory comprises of contractions that embody the communication setting; how received data is interpreted. Effective communications are where contractions meet largely because parties engaged in the transaction have a common understanding of the message.
Communication Strategies
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Methodological Triangulation
Human communication in groups is to some degree complex due to various factors that impact individuals’ intentions towards others, thus affecting communication in groups. Methodological triangulation involves practical as well as theoretical perspective in group discussion. On one hand, the theoretical part demonstrates the strategies of inquiring and descriptions used in any given study. On the other, practical viewpoint supports the connection between method, concept, and aim of assessing and substantiating how methodological triangulation integrates varying views about communication in groups.
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Furthermore, methodological triangulation involves using different qualitative methods to investigate a program. For instance, the results obtained from group communication may be used to establish the association. The validity of information may be recognized once results are related. The experts can also interviews, focus groups or the techniques to assess the changes. Additionally, the researcher may investigate the participants, groups, if the results obtained are comparable, and reliability has been established.
For example, in the study of the association of stereotypes in media message on ethnicity and racial backgrounds is the users’ social judgment. This presents a detailed comprehension to make informed decisions using critical and quantitative techniques. It also enables experts to assess communication from different angles while gaining substantial recognition of the issue being researched.
By and large, methodological triangulation is necessary for group communication since it enhances confidence while presenting a clear perspective of questions. This is pegged on the amount of data and diversity used in the investigation. Nevertheless, methodological triangulation is involving because collecting information requires proper planning as well as resources, aspects which may be out of reach.
Communication Strategies
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Conclusion
The paper evaluated two communication theories namely transactional and methodological triangulation models of communication. The paper determined that while the transactional model is anchored on reciprocity, methodological triangulation advances confidence by presenting a clear perspective of issues.
The effects of salts on the freezing point of liquids
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The effects of salts on the freezing point of liquids
Introduction
Freezing refers to the process of substance changing from liquid to solid. This occurs when liquid molecules slows down, making their attraction occur in a way that they arrange themselves in a fixed position- solid (University, 2014). Therefore, this activity explores the concept of freezing point of liquids and how it is affected by impurities (salts). This helps in focusing on the interactions that takes place at molecular level of a solution as it freezes (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).
Problem:
What are effects of salts on freezing point of liquids?
Hypothesis:
Salts affect lowers the freezing point of liquids
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Data/ Discussion
In this experiment, the following materials are used; tape, marker; 2 cups; 2 ice cubes, timer and half tea spoon of salt. The tape and the marker were used to label the cups, “No salt” and “salt.” The ice cube is placed in each of the cup; salt was added in the cup marked “salt”. The procedure was done three times. The temperature of each cup and other physical observation was made after every 10 minutes for thirty minutes. The data obtained was recorded as shown in the table below (VanCleave, 2002):
Time (minutes
Temperature recorded in salt cup
Temperature recorded in non-salt cup
Starting
0.1º C
0.1º C
10 min
-3 C
0.1º C
20 min
– 4º C
0.0º C
30 min
– 4º C
0.0º C
Average
– 3.5º C
0.01º C
After thirty minutes mark, it was observed that the cup containing salt begun to melt; whereas the other cup containing no salt consisted of completely frozen solid. The temperatures recorded indicated that the temperatures of the frozen ice reduced in cup containing salt. Whereas the average temperature of the frozen ice without salt is 0.1º C; the temperature for the cup containing salt lowered by 3-4 degrees Celsius lower that of the control experiment (VanCleave, 2002).
This can be concluded that salts lower the freezing point of water. The differences in observed temperature with theoretical temperature are attributable to differences in atmospheric pressure. However, the difference is negligible (Pedersen and Myers, 2010). This is because in low temperatures, water molecules slow down. These molecules move slow making the intermolecular attractions between the molecules become very strong, forming a lattice of water molecules which becomes ice. During the freezing temperature, the rate at which the molecules enter and leave is same (University, 2014).
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However, on addition of salt, the equilibrium is disrupted. This is because with the addition of salt, there is less water molecules, due to the interface of solute and solution. This implies that the solute particles block the interaction of the water molecules, thus, more water are leaving and less water are re-entering the solid phase. As the temperature continues to lower even further, the water molecules leaving the solid state slow down even further. This describes the concept of freezing point depression (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.).
Freezing point depression refers to the process where addition of a salute to a solvent causes a decrease in the solvent freezing point. Other examples include alcohol in water and mixing of any impurity in a solvent. This is the phenomenon that causes the sea water (presence of impurities) to remain liquid even during temperatures below 0ºC (University, 2014).
This concept has many uses. For example, it is used to ensure that automobile radiator fluid does not freeze during winter. This is because the radiator fluid is a mixture of alcohol and water. Road salting during winter is also an application of freeze-point depression, as the salt lowers the freezing point of snow, making it melt; thus preventing the accumulation of snow during winter (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).
However, it is imperative to note that the maximum depression of freezing water of sodium chloride (commonly used) is -21ºC; therefore, for ambient temperatures that are lower, sodium chloride is ineffective. However, other salts such as calcium chloride, mixture of many and magnesium chloride can be used, as the phenomenon concept is the sale.
However, these other salts are corrosive, especially on iron, and in some places, safer salts should be used (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.). Additionally, it is imperative to note that the exact depression of the freezing point depends on the amount of salt used. Literature indicates that 0.5 mol of NaCl lowers freezing point by 1.65º C, but the maximum depression temperature is -21º F, which is a approximately -6º C (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).
Conclusion
The study hypothesis is proven; salts lowers the temperature at which the fluid (water) freezes. The reason behind this is probably because the molecule interaction of pure water is different from the molecule interaction in presence of salt. This makes the salt water to have different chemical properties as the salt joins in the interface between the Hydrogen and Oxygen bond, making the interaction of these two molecules less strong (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.).
References
Pedersen, S. and Myers, A. (2010). Understanding the principles of organic chemistry. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
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The concept of conservatism and liberalism
Institution
In the article with the title “president Obama visits a mosque long overdue and vital ” by Haroon Moghul,The article is all about the Muslim religion the external image it portrays peoples perception and believes that the general public and the government have about the religion, people having a believe that its a religion of extremism and terrorism supporting. Attracting attention from the government bodies such as NYPD which used to give a close monitoring of the Islam communities.
There is conservatism theme where the Mongul mentions that though president Obama spent most of his child life in Muslim related countries, he has not visited an American mosque, he believes that just because president Obama spent his early life in Muslim countries ,he should have visited an American mosque, one can chose to attend a mosque session even if they have never been in a Muslim country.( Pipe J, 1997,
Conservatism and liberalism
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Ideologies and institutions : American conservative and liberal governance prescriptions since 1933. ) another theme of conservatism comes out clearly where the Mongul tells that the high level of civic monitoring have caused the number of Muslims attending the mosque to decrease drastically, just because one is being monitored doesn’t mean that one should not go to a place of worship as it is their constitutional right, here the writer is conservative and believes that close monitoring deny conducive environment for worship, conservatives believes at personal responsibility, a life that should not have too many regulations(Hibbing J, Smith K. & Alford J. (2014). Predisposed : liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences)
However, we witness liberalism where the Mongul mentions that mosque deserves protection in America as any other religion and that the Muslims should be allowed fully to use their religion related institutions as there have been alienation from them. Liberals believe that the government should offer protection to every individual regardless of their religion for aequal society.( Seaton J. 1996. Cultural conservatism, political liberalism : from criticism to cultural studies)
Hibbing, J., Smith, K. & Alford, J. (2014). Predisposed : liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York: Routledge.
Piper, J. (1997). Ideologies and institutions : American conservative and liberal governance prescriptions since 1933. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
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Description of Areas of communication
The areas of communication are connected to four different categories including; open area, blind area, hidden area, unknown area.
Open area involves all things that an individual knows about themselves as well as others. It is associated with the open and free exchange of information between an individual and others, which is public and easily available to others. When open area enhances in size based on the degree of trust between a person and the group.
Blind area; this quadrant has information that one does not know about themselves, but others know. For example, when an individual takes part in the group, she/he is not aware of the ideas to share with group members.
Hidden area, this part has information that individuals know about themselves. However, the group does not know.
The unknown area contains information that neither individual nor other know about themselves. In this case, they learn from feedback exchange.
Attributes that corresponds with the open area
Some of my attributes that correspond to the open area include; good communicator, no mistrust and honest. These attributes enable me to ensure that there is open communication, no misunderstanding between me and others. For the other three areas, list at least one item that you may potentially find out about yourself and what type of circumstances may cause this knowledge.
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Blind area
I like to use of verbal signs, which is particularly common when I related to others, for example clearing my throat before I speak something. The group learns this behavior from me.
Hidden area:
In this area, I discovered that I like hiding things from others, especially in circumstances where I share ideas with the others. I discovered that others might learn my feelings, views and opinions and, in turn, hurt or attack me. As such, I withhold such information.
Unknown
I realized that knowing everything about me is exceptionally unlikely. This is common in situations where I associate with the group about childhood memories.
References
Wood, Julia T. (2014). Communication Mosaics: An Introduction to the Field of Communication. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning,
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Good Communication Skills
One of the requirements for being a good veterinary technician is good communication skills. In Lehman’s terms communication is the process by which a message is passed from the sender to the receiver with the intent of passing on comprehensible information.
There is, therefore, two part of the communication process. Let us take for instance in a conversation. One party talks while the other listens keenly to ensure that the message is clearly understood to give a correct or appropriate response. In the area of veterinary care, these professionals are required to be good listeners.
Listening is a good communication skill. If one can master the art of listening attentively, then they can save on the amount of words needed to respond to the already said words (Burnard, 2013). Therefore, veterinary technicians are supposed to be good listeners to the point that they know what to do according to the account given by a patient or advice and insight from a colleague.
Hence, this paper will intently discuss the characteristics of a good listener and on how to become one. Good listening skills are learned from day to day. They need a lot of practice and effort for one to adapt to being a good listener.
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A good listener does not interrupt the patient or the other person speaking. When engaged in a conversation a good listener would sit back and wait for the other person to finish their statements. Then they will think about what they are going to say and say it in the appropriate manner. Otherwise, a good listener will only interrupt the other person if there is a significant point that needs clarification. That is only when he or she is supposed to interrupt when the other person is talking.
For in the case of a veterinary technician. When a patient comes in with a particular issue that needs to be taken care of. The veterinary technician ought to first present himself or herself in a professional manner. Greet, the patient, then get to the business of the day. The business of the day being that the patient will be asked in a courteous manner what bring them to the hospital.
After this inquiry, the veterinary technician will have in his hands a patient file if the patient is not a new one. In the case of a new patient, the details would have already been entered by the nurse for the doctor in a patient file. The patient file serves one important purpose. The medical history of the patient often helps the doctor predict or depict what the patient is suffering from. The information in the file is very significant. The patient might have recurring signs and symptoms thus the file may help decode what is ailing the patient.
As the veterinary technician is conversing with the patient to get some relevant information. It is quite necessary to take down notes of what the patient is saying. The signs do not necessarily include all that the patient says but only the major or significant points regarding the matter at hand. Therefore, note taking is one of the practices a good listener performs. The practice is also paramount in the health care provision sector where information from the patient is treated like a goldmine.
The reason being what the patient says will be very helpful in ensuring the delivery of the appropriate health care. The same also applies to the colleagues of the veterinary technician. The partner may be holding information pertaining the case at hand at the moment. Therefore, any information should be treated as important unless it is proved to be wrong information.
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Apart from the verbal cues that help the veterinary technician be able to know what is ailing the patient. There are some non-verbal cues that help one get as much information as necessary from a person in this case the patient. There reaches some point in a conversation that the one speaking does not get the right words to explain what he or she is meaning. In this case, it might be very misleading if the point is not presented as it is supposed to be.
The non-verbal cues come to help in this type of situation. A good listener can look at the person speaking and from their body language be able to tell what the person is trying to say.
For instance, when a given patient has not been able to describe fully a certain feeling. Then the veterinary technician can be able to act in a certain way to help the patient vividly explain what he or she is feeling. This would be aided by good listening skills.
The fact that the veterinary technician has not been able to get effectively what the patient was saying has enabled the use of non-verbal cues which mostly involve the body language to ensure the meaning or a given point is not lost in the conversation. This way some significant information about the medical issue at hand can be treated using the right information. Thus, the provision of the right medical treatment is guaranteed to be a reality.
The practices mentioned above can be very critical in some situations. For example, when the veterinary technician is starting a given surgical procedure. For his or her to know whether the anesthesia is working. He or she will communicate with the patient verbally but expect a response in the form of non-verbal cues to continue with the procedure. Hence, the importance of listening as a communication skill is very crucial to such professions or professions of related nature. Therefore, listening is a core skill in the communication skills that ought to be held by the veterinary technicians.
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The importance of listening can be summarized in a few sentences. By being a good listener, the technician can build a trustful relationship with the patient. The patient sees they are cared for and thus they will trust a certain health care professional just because of their good listening skills. Another significant use of good listening skills is to collect and give information. In this instance, a vet can collect the needed information from the patient to be able to treat the situation with that patient as it deserves to be treated. Therefore, good listening skills are an important part of the professional qualities of the veterinary technician.
