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Chapultepec Declaration Essay

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Chapultepec Declaration

Democracy connotes freedom. A core principle of freedom is access to information and ability to speak, write, publish mainstream and alternative views. Many of the countries to which you all trace your roots, and have subsequently visited or lived will have greater or lesser degrees of this fundamental right.

Chapultepec Declaration

Rights as we see them used in the Chapultepec Declaration are claimed as universal freedoms that are actually legally-defined and enforceable. This declaration is not what people think they deserve, nor is it what governments as some disembodied power structure ‘give’ at their discretion.

Chapultepec Declaration

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The Chapultepec Declaration: How its Authors Equate Press Freedom and Democracy

In 1994, the Inter-American Press Association (IAPA) held a summit at Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City. The convention sought to promote freedom of the press. What came out of the comprehensive discussion was the Chapultepec Declaration. In it, delegates proclaimed that freedom of expression, inclusive of a free press, was a necessary ingredient in promoting liberty. From the Chapultepec Declaration, there are numerous ways in which its authors equate press freedom and democracy (BBC Monitoring International Reports, 2002).

The declaration’s preamble reads that individuals cannot exercise other forms of freedom if the freedom of press access to information is curbed. When the media operates unobstructed, as the document states, there is the surfacing of courage to ask for information, to disseminate it without restraints, to question it without fear, and to promote free exchange of ideas and views. Members of the public sphere cannot therefore exercise other rights if the freedom of press is held back (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

Chapultepec Declaration

The declaration compels authorities to avail in a timely and reasonable fashion the information generated by public offices. In addition, the law permits journalists to conceal their sources of information. What this means is that citizens of any given state need to know how their governments operate if they are to fully benefit from it. The press bridges the knowledge gap between bureaucrats who make decisions on their behalf, and the subjects of that particular state.

Any act of corruption and mismanagement of funds by policymakers often go unraveled if the press is barred from access to such information. Timely issue of information, or giving news which is not stale, is more trustworthy thus the need for fresh news. It raises the authenticity of such news stories, making them more credible. For security purposes, journalists should be allowed to hide the identity of sources who desire anonymity, since their lives may be in danger after whistle blowing or revealing the injustices committed by the state (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

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Chapultepec Declaration

In a democratic state, hindering press access to information through acts of murder, kidnappings, destruction of their facilities or even intimidating journalists, are counterproductive to the realization of liberty. This is because such harassments scare citizens of any state from accessing information and productively participating in governmental operations. That is why the declaration recommends the detention and punishment of government officers who do that, since harassing or intimidating journalists encourages impunity (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

The declaration adds that prior censorships, restrictions to the circulation of information, and managing of media by authorities are direct ways of infringing on the freedom of press access to information. Imposition of such hindrances by authorities limits liberty, which in turn infringes on the citizen’s rights to be aware of their government’s operations, the injustices committed, and corruption. Citizens at the grassroots level heavily depend on the press for information. Thus barring or restricting journalists’ movements in pursuit of information amounts to the violation of their liberty (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

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It is unethical and illegal of sources to favor journalists or media houses by means of assigning them radio frequencies, funding their operations or favoring them because of positive news coverage. These deeds lead to the publishing of biased news. Biased news coverage of sources limits citizens’ right to know the truth. For instance, a corrupt source of information may give journalists gifts so as to hide the truth from public notice. That is an act which hampers liberty (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

Chapultepec Declaration

The credibility of the press correlates with its commitment to reporting factual information, being accurate, fair and objective. In the absence of such principles, the press is seen as biased. Journalists should therefore be able to distinguish news from advertizing. To report advertisements as news would be to encourage publicity of such organizations thus infringement of liberty (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

Furthermore, the act insulates journalists from being punished by the state as a result of unraveling the truth. When journalists fear for their lives, they cannot unveil injustices and acts corruption committed by the ruling class (Mark & Fitzgerald, 1999).

All said, the Chapultepec Declaration will forever be remembered in the field of development journalism. For it has provided the impetus for exercising other rights, otherwise unattainable. Thus the most basic way of distinguishing democracy from autocracy is press access to information.

References

BBC Monitoring International Reports. (2002, May). St. Kits and Nevis signs Chapultepec

Declaration. BBC Monitoring International Reports, 1-2. Retrieved Oct 2, 2012, from http://www.ebscohost.com

Mark, Fitzgerald. (1999). Declaration of Chapultepec. Journal of Communication, Journalism, Printing, Advertizing and Public Relations, 132 (18) 1-2. Retrieved Oct 2, 2012, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/194311250?accountid=45049

Chapultepec Declaration

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Domestic policy objectives Essay

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Domestic policy objectives

The Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican, and Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat, both had the same domestic policy objectives in the first two decades of the 20th century. The program was called Progressivism and the ultimate goal was to clear up corruption in all phases of the economy and the government and to give the working man a better chance to advance.

Their methods and motivations, however, were different. Discuss the problems faced by the Progressives and the manner in which they attempted to rectify the problems. Compare these two presidents as far as their accomplishments. Make sure you include the following in your answer: Muckrakers, Northern Securities Case, Hepburn Act, Clayton Anti Trust Act, initiative, referendum, recall.

Domestic policy objectives

Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilsons remain successful progressives even though they have been greatly criticized. Their commitment, struggles and efforts to ensure national reforms continue to be felt even today. The progressives believed that it was possible for man to improve his living conditions. They rejected the church as a solution to the social and economic problems of their era.

Their main goal was to have the government participate in ending corruption, public involvement in the political process and active involvement of the government in solving social and economic problems. They also aimed at take control of public utilities like the railroads, trusts and to pass legislation that would protect consumers, labor groups and the minorities.

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Domestic policy objectives

In solving these problems, the ‘Muckrakers’ were of great influence in publicly exposing the social evils that had prevailed. These writers/journalists exposed the horrors of urban slums, poverty, poor working conditions, child labor, and other evils. This served as an eye-opener to the public to support the call for reforms by the progressives (Roark, Johnson, Cohen, Stage, & Lawson, 2000).

Problems in urban areas were addressed by establishment of settlement houses by social workers to protect the poor. The problem of child labor proved hard to solve as their efforts were thwarted by the courts. The labor regulation problem was solved when the progressives fought to ensure government’s role in workplace regulation. Since then, government oversight has expanded and accepted as part of American Industry.

Problems in food and drug industry were solved when the progressives pushed the government to create a legislation that would see all products meant for human consumption being tested. This saw the enaction of the pure food and drug act and meat inspection act. Since then Americans have left the role of ensuring quality and safety of products, verifying labeling and marketing information to the government (Roark et al., 2000).

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Domestic policy objectives

A number of progressives called for direct democracy where citizens would be equally involved in legislation. Three citizen measures the initiative, referendum and recall were called for. The ‘initiative’ makes it possible for citizens to enact law, ‘referendum’ enables citizens to block and reject laws passed by the legislature while ‘recall’ gives citizens mandate to remove from office an official. The achievement of this helped bring reforms and control in the government and encouraged full participation of citizens in the process (Roark et al., 2000).

Meanwhile, the regulation of railroads was achieved through the passing of Elkins Act and Hepburn Act by Congress. Roosevelt accused various trusts under the Sherman Anti-trust Act and signed the Newlands Act, and sold lands in the north to fund irrigation.

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed by Wilson as a replacement of the frail Sherman Act of 1890. He signed many other progressive bills into law. This helped stop monopolization in business, including the monopolistic Northern Securities Company which had not been prosecuted under the Sherman Act, even after being declared an illegal due to its monopolistic nature (Roark et al., 2000).

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Domestic policy objectives

In conclusion, the progressive movement left a legacy in the American history. They believed in the role of government insight in solving social and economic problems. Although they did not solve all the problems, they changed their situation back then and because of them, the government started to play an active role in America’s economy, even today.

Domestic policy objectives

References

Roark, J. L., Johnson, M. P., Cohen, P.C., Stage, S. & Lawson, A. (2000). The American Promise: A History of the United States. (3^rded).Vol.2 From 1865. Boston: St. Martin’s Press.

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Worth of money Essay Paper

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Worth of money

Why is money worth more today than at a point in the future? If someone wants the use of your money, should you lend it or invest it in the company? What kinds of risk apply if you lend it? If you invest it? What moral issues are involved?

Introduction

In determining whether money is worth more today or in future the ‘time value of money’ concept must be considered which states that money received today is worth a lot more that the same amount of money in the near future due to the ability of saving this amount and earning interest . Alignment of financial goals and the investment or lending policy is required in order to ensure the chosen option is beneficial in the long term (Advani, 2006). In determining whether to lend or invest money the risks and benefits of both options must be evaluated and the best option implemented.

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When lending money the lender expects to receive their principle amount and any interest that has arisen from the loan .The major risks possessed in lending may be a default of both the interest payments and refusal to pay even the principal amount .The terms of the lending arrangement ma not also be beneficial due to the interest charges agreed (Advani, 2006).

Worth of money

Before making an investment it is important to evaluate the type of investment that best suits the funds available and the risks involved. The investment idea must match with the individual’s financial objectives. The risk associated with investing is a rapid drop in share prices if one has invested in the stock market a decrease in interest rates if one has invested in bonds and other forms of investment.

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Conclusion

Worth of money

Financial goals of the individual should be the key consideration before they decide whether to lend or invest .A risk analysis is also important as it helps in making a sensible decision on the option that is more suitable. The best option should help the individual increase their asset value.

Reference

Advani, A. (2006). Investors in your backyard: how to raise business capital from people you know Business Loans from Family & Friends: How to Ask, Make It Legal & Make It Work. Nolo.Indiana

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Comedy of Euros Article Essa

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Comedy of Euros

This article reflects the falling out of Britain with other members in the European Union. The depth of this crisis is explained. Various strategies of mending the solutions are proposed. Achievements of the Brussels summit are addressed and its failure to draw a plan for saving the Euro.

Why is this newsworthy?

Comedy of Euros

The European Union is a key economic pillar and represents the economy of many nations .A crisis in this union is bound to affect the people as the economy will suffer. For this reason this story has a huge impact on the financial backgrounds of citizens in the member nation’s .It is therefore important to follow the preceding of the story in order for the readers to make any preparation to protect their financial assets

Current financial information is newsworthy as it impacts business and people’s daily way of life. It is therefore important to keep abreast with business information across the globe by reading this financial news. The information is provide in a summarized nature helping to inform readers who do not have a significant background in business related topics.

The European union have a major impact on the economy of the globe and any news that describes changes taking place in the business environment are beneficial to different stakeholders across the global .Through these news major decisions are made that impact the economy of different countries .The story contains a detailed analysis of new ranging from economic, financial, business news across the globe .These news analyze the market trends across the globe and the drivers of these trends (economist , pg1).

A visual showing the Euro

Commodities Lose Allure; As demand from the Asian giant cools, investors should seek more exotic plays

This article discusses the various prices of commodities .Investor options are also evaluated in this article .A comparison of prices of gold and rare earth metals is made. An interview with industry players is also contained in the article.

How might readers use this information? Comedy of Euros

Business news contained in these financial magazines is vital as affects the decisions made by leaders from the various governments and businesses .Readers can therefore use the information acquired in various ways aimed at improving their economic status. The magazines contain news of models used by businessmen and governments across the globe in reduction of operation costs methods that the readers can use in their businesses (Wsj, pg1).

Readers are able to acquire information about the pricing of different shares and other financial instruments across the globe .They can therefore use the information acquired in making business decisions on whether to invest or divest their funds .This is usually easy as the magazines include a detailed analysis with various share price options from which the readers can make their decisions.

Readers can use the information acquired from these business magazines to make a decision on the performance of their leaders. The magazines contain various decisions that governments have implemented to growth their economies and the impact of these decisions. From this information the readers can judge on whether their leaders are implementing policies that have a positive effect on the economy and make decisions on whether to re elect them for office again (Wsj, pg1).

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Readers can use this information in making decisions on whether it is viable to invest in other countries .The magazines provide information of different markets across the globe. Readers can therefore use this information to tap on cheap production costs and availability of natural resources in the different countries .The readers can therefore follow business happening across the globe waiting for positive changes that may affect their business and capitalize on them .

A visual comparison of rare-earth metal prices vs. gold Comedy of Euros

A Rare Apple Compromise

Apple has been faced by tough competition. The company is softening its advertising strategies due to the rising competition .The article describe the strategies put in place by management to survive. Conversation with employees is also included.

What management decisions are involved?

Due to challenges faced in advertising Apple Inc has been forced to make management decisions aimed at ensuring the company is able to compete effectively. The management introduced the selling of advertisements within mobile applications. This has been a major decision aimed at increasing its income through advertising .The strategy was developed to compete with Google’s Admob service .This has been however difficult due to the pricing of the products as apple has introduced the product at a very high prices as compared to its competitors (Wsj, pg 5).

To counter changes in advertising the management has developed a strategy aimed at introducing flexibility in the prices of its products .This strategy will help increase Apple’s market share thereby driving its revenue upwards. The change in price represents the management bargain in compromising its business decisions by adjusting its prices to the match with the current market changes.

Management decisions have the effect of growing or destroying an organization. It is therefore important for managers to make decisions that are timely and accurate. These decisions can only be made where information is provided timely and is accurate.

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Management is involved in implementing key strategies as well developing concepts that will steer the company towards achievement of its goals and objectives.

A visual showing Apple’s positioning the market Comedy of Euros

Best Buy’s Profit Tumbles

Best buy is a leading electronics dealer .With immerses competition the company has been forced to make different strategies to survive. The article describes the strategies put in place and the financial results for the company .The impact of results may have different repercussions depending on their nature.

How might this affect stock prices?

Any information that is made available to the public domain whether positive or negative has an effect on the share price of stocks of a company. Negative information like decline of its profits may result to shareholders going into a panic and selling their shares. Negative information is associated with a declining value thus when a company posts negative results the news are bound to cause fluctuations in the stock market.

Company results are announced in their annual general meting with a report from the management explaining the reasons behind a company’s performance .Readers of the magazine are going to be influenced in making decisions regarding the shares of the company. Some readers may be tempted to purchase shares for speculative purposes where the will be aiming to make a profit should the price of the shares increase in the future .

Current share holders may dispose of their shares after reading this article in an attempt to minimize further loss in their investment in the stock market. The new may resulted to increase trading of the shares in the market as the demand from speculators is satisfied by suppliers who want to minimize their risks (Wsj, pg1).

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It is therefore evident that news of a decline or rise of a company’s profits has an effect on its share prices .Readers should therefore seek regular accurate information on company’s that they have an interest or are interested in to ensure they take full benefit of any information regarding the company .

A visual showing changes in share prices

Explaining high oil prices

Oil is a key driver of the economy in the world. The rapid rises in prices of oil has had major impact on different industries .It is therefore important to analyze the reasons behind prices increases. This article helps in explaining the key factors that have resulted in high prices

What are the risks and rewards involved?

The oil is a very risky industry due to the commodity involved .An accident arising in the oil industry may have hazardous effects and therefore the industry players must put in place measures to ensure there is minimal expose to risks .This will be achieved by the method used in handling oil and its related products .The methods used must ensure easy reconciliation of inventory .Oil leakage equipment must be set up to ensure the staff involved as well as other equipment are not damaged(Wsj, pg1).

High prices in oil will result in an increase in prices of other commodities .This will strain economies of countries across the globe as they depend on the oil industry to drive other industries .It is therefore important to make a detailed analysis on factors affecting the prices of oil. Political factors are the most causes of increase in the price of oil and their impact should be regulated to ensure they do not adversely affect economy of major countries across the globe.

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The rewards associated wit monitoring the price of oil is an increase in the growth and development of economies across the globe .Fair oil prices result in countries being able to develop their economy through increased investment in various industries.

A visual showing oil prices

Capping microfinance interest rates will hurt the poor. There are better ways to regulate the industry

This is a microfinance article on interest rates. Various ways of regulating the industry are explained .Microfinance in different areas is explained .The reasons behind the rapid development of the micro credit industry are explained

How does a visual improve understanding of the content?

The visual helps the reader to relate to the content of the article. The visual in this article showing currency notes .This will help identify the content of the article. The visual clearly depicts a financial content .Microfinance is mostly related to the poor communities and capping interest rates would affect their economic empowerment

The bank notes help the reader in analyzing the content provided in the article. These visual involve a mixture of different colors helping the reader to distinguish the difference in different data that is contained in the article. This helps them in analyzing what each color has been used to depict in the visual (Wsj, pg2).

Visuals help give content to the article in the magazines by providing readers with an outlook of all the key data that has been included. These helps the readers in understanding the articles through the summary presented in the visuals and help them in making informed decisions derived from a thorough analysis of the visuals

The visual must be placed in an appropriate area of the article where it stands out in making a detailed summary of every data that is in the article. It is therefore important for business related magazines to consider using a visual in their articles to help the readers in understanding the articles fully. The visual should therefore be as detailed as possible but should not include irrelevant information.

Visuals must be clear and price in order for it to achieve its intended objects .it must also be bold and colored so as to attract a reader’s attention. (Lam, pg5). Visual is important as it helps in summarizing the key data provided in the information .This visual is provided in form of tables and graphs and contains trends that the reader can easily relate to .The visuals are presented in a manner that helps attract the reader’s attention helping them to get the clear meaning of the articles.

A visual on the article

References

Lam, J .Enterprise Risk Management: From Incentives to Controls. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. 2003, Pg 1-5

Online.wsj.com Where to Invest 2012 13.Dec 2011 <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204630904577055673093626632.html?link=SM_inv_mr_res>

Online.wsj.com, Commodities Lose Allure 13.Dec 2011 <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204630904577055673093626632.html?link=SM_inv_mr_res>

Online.wsj.com A Rare Apple Compromise 13.Dec 2011 <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204336104577094872512502942.html?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection>

Online.wsj.com Best Buy’s Profit Tumbles 13.Dec 2011 <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203518404577096160252527328.html?mod=WSJ_business_whatsNews>

Online.wsj.com .Explaining High Oil Prices 13.Dec 2011The U.S. economy is no longer what’s driving the market >http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203833104577072301052759854.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLE_Video_Top>

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Children Health Insurance

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Children Health Insurance

Medicaid and the Children Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Health Care Policy

1-What legislation introduced Medicaid, and what are the funding sources for the program?

2-What are some of the changes, including CHIP, that have occurred to the Medicaid program since its inception?

3-What are the demographics of the majority of people covered by Medicaid, and how many people in the United States are covered by Medicaid?

4-Evaluate the changes that have occurred to Medicaid with the inception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. What are the current changes in Medicaid based on current legislation?

5-Assess social and cultural changes and their impact on developing new health policies to make Medicaid and CHIP more effective.

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Medicaid was established in 1965 in conjunction with Medicare as part of the Social Security Act. Medicare is a health-insurance program for retirees, disabled employees, and their spouses and dependents that is funded and administered by the federal government (United Health, 2021).

Medicaid, on the other hand, is a combined federal-state program in which states and territories receive federal financial assistance in providing health and long-term care to federally designated low-income families and individuals (United Health, 2021).

Prior to the passage of Medicaid, states received limited federal reimbursements for health care services paid on behalf of public assistance beneficiaries. In 1960, Congress approved open-ended federal matching funds to states for impoverished elderly people’s health care. Still, the breadth of the health-care services that states financed for low-income individuals and families varied significantly (United Health, 2021).

The original law provided states the option of obtaining federal funds to assist in providing health care coverage to children from low-income families, their caregiver relatives, the blind, and the handicapped (United Health, 2021). Medicaid was created to give low-income individuals and families more access to mainstream health care. States would receive funds from the federal government to cover half or more of their expenses in providing services to beneficiaries.

At the same time, the program was designed to offer states a lot of flexibility in how they structure their medical aid programs. States that choose to participate in the program were obligated to provide a baseline range of health care to those receiving public assistance (United Health, 2021).

They were also authorized to provide extra services at their discretion, such as serving medically needy people who did not get government aid. The federal government has consistently strengthened the rules and regulations governing state Medicaid programs.

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Children Health Insurance

Many changes in federal Medicaid legislation have occurred during the last four decades, including substantial changes in eligibility, benefits, payment arrangements, and other administrative issues (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005). These developments, when paired with state judgments about the scope of their programs, have resulted in Medicaid expanding well beyond its original focus on providing mostly acute care services.

Furthermore, Medicaid has surpassed private insurance as the primary source of funding for long-term care for persons with disabilities (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005). Despite several revisions in federal legislation, the essential basis of the federal-state partnership in the program has remained relatively same. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was established in 1972 (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005).

This nationally financed income support program for persons with disabilities replaces the previous federal-state cash assistance programs for the elderly, blind, and handicapped. SSI and Medicaid eligibility were intertwined. Many obligatory and voluntary eligibility categories were expanded in the 1980s, with a particular focus on extending Medicaid coverage to low-income pregnant women and children who did not receive public assistance payments (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005).

States were obligated to contribute increased Disproportionate Share Hospital payments to hospitals that cater to a significant number of Medicaid recipients and other low-income people under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 broke the historical relationship between Medicaid eligibility and the financial assistance program for Aid to Families with Dependent Children.

For low-income households, a new obligatory Medicaid eligibility group was formed; Medicaid eligibility was no longer automatically linked to receipt of public assistance cash payments (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005). The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was enacted into law in 1997 and provides states with federal matching money to offer health care to children whose families’ earnings are too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to buy private insurance.

Through their CHIP programs, all states have greatly increased children’s coverage, with virtually every state providing coverage for children up to a minimum of 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005). The federal Medicaid statute has been amended several times since it was enacted. Federal mandates have grown, particularly in the field of low-income children’s programs.

The creation of 51 extremely diverse Medicaid programs has come from the mix of Medicaid mandates and alternatives. These programs function under broad national principles but are influenced by state judgments regarding who is eligible and what they are eligible to receive (Smith, Kennedy, Knipper, & O’Brien, 2005).

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The sources of funding for Medicaid include Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP), through Enhanced Matching Rates, Disproportionate Share Hospital payments (DSH) and State Financing of the Non-Federal Share (Rudowitz & Snyder, 2015). The federal government guarantees states matching payments for eligible Medicaid expenditures; states are promised at least $1 in federal money for every $1 spent on the program by the state.

As economic conditions change, FMAP, which is an open-ended funding system, permits federal funding to flow to states depending on real costs and requirements (Rudowitz & Snyder, 2015). Medicaid offers a greater matching rate for certain services or populations in some cases, the most famous example being the ACA Medicaid expansion enhanced match rate. The federal government will cover 100 percent of Medicaid expenditures for newly eligible people in states that expand (Rudowitz & Snyder, 2015).

DSH hospital payments are another source of funding for hospitals that treat a lot of Medicaid and low-income uninsured patients. These DSH payments have been critical to the financial viability of safety net hospitals in several states (Rudowitz & Snyder, 2015). Lastly, States have a lot of flexibility when it comes to deciding how to support the non-federal portion of Medicaid spending.

State general fund appropriations are the major source of money for the non-federal portion. The utilization of alternative monies by governments has risen modestly but consistently over the last decade. This is most likely due to states’ growing dependence on provider taxes and fees to fund the state portion of Medicaid (Rudowitz & Snyder, 2015).

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Children Health Insurance

Pregnant women with low income, children from low-income families, children in foster care, individuals with disabilities, seniors with low income, and parents or caregivers with low income are all served by Medicaid programs(Lee & Jarosz, 2017). States can also opt to include additional categories, such as low-income adults who may or may not have children, in their eligibility. In 2015, the ACS recorded about 66.4 million participants nationwide, accounting for 91.7 percent of the 72.4 million reported by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in mid-2015 (Lee & Jarosz, 2017).

According to the Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services, there were 74 million Medicaid and CHIP members as of March 2017, with almost 36 million of them enrolled in CHIP or children enrolled in Medicaid. Children and teens account for over half of all persons covered by means-tested public health insurance (Lee & Jarosz, 2017). Nearly 11 percent of adults are 65 and older, many of whom are low-income and rely on Medicaid to supplement Medicare.

Adults who are disabled or institutionalized make up another 14%, while women who have given birth in the last year make up just under 2%. More than seven out of ten people in means-tested health insurance plans belong to these vulnerable categories (Lee & Jarosz, 2017). Only 12% of those left work full-time or part-time.

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Children Health Insurance

References

Smith, G., Kennedy, C., Knipper, S., & O’Brien, J. (2005, January 24). ASPE. From USING MEDICAID TO SUPPORT WORKING AGE ADULTS WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSES IN THE COMMUNITY: A HANDBOOK. A BRIEF HISTORY OF MEDICAID: https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/using-medicaid-support-working-age-adults-serious-mental-illnesses-community-handbook/brief-history-medicaid#chap1

United Health. (2021, April 05). From What is Medicaid and what does it cover: https://www.uhccommunityplan.com/dual-eligible/benefits/medicaid

Rudowitz, R., & Snyder, L. (2015, May 20). KFF. From Medicaid Financing: How Does it Work and What are the Implications?: https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-financing-how-does-it-work-and-what-are-the-implications/

Lee, A., & Jarosz, B. (2017, June 29). PRB. From MAJORITY OF PEOPLE COVERED BY MEDICAID ND SIMILAR PROGRAMS ARE CHILDEN,OLDER ADULTS, OR DISABLED: https://www.prb.org/resources/majority-of-people-covered-by-medicaid-and-similar-programs-are-children-older-adults-or-disabled/

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Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

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Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

Is Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce? Facebook is considered by investors as the new face of e-commerce, bearing in mind that it is world’s most visited social website. On top of that, Facebook has created an international audience, third in number after Google and Yahoo search engines. For that reason, investors have for a long time been attracted to not only market their commodities in their website, but also conduct business transactions with their prospective customers logged into the social website (Clemons, 2009).

Strategic and financial analysis had an impact in investors’ decision to back Facebook. Considering Facebook’s positive performance in the past, investors have backed the company in large numbers. Investors are aware of Facebook’s high revenue growth, which is attractive to investors. Additionally, its sustainable revenue growth together with its real revenue growth has seen many profit making organizations use the company to further their money-making endeavors (Clemons, 2009).

Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

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One of the strategies that Facebook has employed so as to receive a backing from large corporations and small investors, is its pricing policies, which make them enjoy a competitive advantage by locking in and adding new clients. The company is known for having a good control of its pricing policies by encouraging the positive pricing. Thai is why they are in a beter position to attract more investors (Clemons, 2009).

Another strategy that Facebook has employed to attract more investors is that it has gone mobile. They have done that in order to reach out to as many clients as possible all over the world. In fact, over one billion people in the world have mobile handsets. Enabling Facebook applications in their phones increases the number of people subscribed to the social website. This has the effect of raising the probability of global growth in years to come (Clemons, 2009).

The concept of convergence entails enabling divergent kinds of networks to perform similar tasks. Facebook, being the new face of E-Commerce should have the ability to provide a range of services over a single network. If I am to develop a good convergent network for Facebook, there are several factors which I ought to consider, attracting both clients and investors to the social website, hence enjoying a competitive advantage over other competing firms (Holmes, 1999).

Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

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Facebook has often made use of wireless medium more than it has used the wired medium of communication. A proper model of Facebook convergence should have both the wired and wireless media. This has the effect of hoisting the traditional business models and value chains. In the long run, there is competitive substitution as well as complementary merging of products and services at the same time (Holmes, 1999).

It is also important to harmonize the infrastructures, contents, storages and storage capabilities of computer systems. This brings together communication industries, software and the internet, towards a common objective.

The most appropriate infrastructure should be selected for the emerging trend of network convergence. This is because the digital networks dictate which type of infrastructure should be used. Flexibility is thus important so as to accommodate new trends in convergence. There are three levels under which network convergence take place.

These are at; transmission, terminal, and the service level. In the event that core technologies converge, the diversity of applications of services increases. Thus by coming up with such a model, the barriers posed by impropriety solutions which enable firms to integrated voice and data applications are dealt with (Holmes, 1999).

Facebook’s economic viability is on the rise especially internationally. This if for the simple reason that its membership growth by far surpasses those of competing social websites such as Twitter and MySpace. Besides, it is the only social website enjoying an international audience in the third position to Google and Yahoo. Therefore Facebook’s economic potential cannot be overlooked. For the 800 million active users of Facebook is an attraction to large multinational companies seeking to market their products and services (Traver & Loudon, 2005).

Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

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Facebook has shifted from the traditional e-commerce trend of companies merely advertizing their commodities over their website. It has also moved from the old norm of prospective customers being redirected to other pages upon clicking on an advertisement link. Instead Facebook now boasts of hosting the contents of these organizations. A Facebook user does not need to leave his Facebook page in order to conduct business transactions.

The customers just purchase and pay their dues right within Facebook, increasing their level of commitments. Thus new companies have their pages in Facebook where they communicate with their clients and ease their transaction burden. This new wave of change makes Facebook remain economically viable in the face of economic depressions (Traver & Loudon, 2005).

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While speculations are rife over the firm’s economic viability following the decline in the number of subscribers in the United States, international subscribers continue to rise by the day. To add on that, Facebook has a potentially lucrative market, even posing a competitive threat to the traditional search engines such as Google and Yahoo. The bone of contention is that Facebook is increasingly restructuring itself to become the world’s largest search engine (Traver & Loudon, 2005).

References

Clemons, E. (2009). Business Models for Monetizing Internet Applications. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26 (2), 15-41. Retrieved October 23, 2012, from http://www.ebscohost.com

Holmes, T. (1999). The Art of Convergence. Black Enterprise, 29 (10), 48. Retrieved October 23, 2012, from http://www.proquest.com

Traver, G., Loudon, C. (2005). E-Commerce: Business. Technology. Society. Wesley: Pearson.

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Facebook: The New Face of E-Commerce

Monopolization of the media

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Monopolization of the media

When you think about the transitional – or pre-transitional (as in one-party states or nations mired in civil war) – countries around the world today, what are some incentives and disincentives you have seen or can think of that might thwart monopolization of the media in these settings?

There has always been a strong link between governments and the media in most states. The media is managed and controlled by the governments, the workers are government employees and the top officials are affiliated to the government. Although their constitutions grant right to expression and free press, the state still monopolizes the press. The media has been sucked dry due to the capitalistic nature of such states. There is therefore need for citizens of such states to come up with their own alternative and powerful media in order to put an end to this monopoly by the capitalistic class (Ghadbian, 2001).

Most journalists in such states work in highly pressurized conditions and insidious ways. The upcoming journalists have their aspirations put to waste as they cannot work in their ideal ways. ‘Objectivity’ of the media is a myth that has been contaminated by different political interests. For instance, incidences of war can only be reported with the consent of the government. This reduces the quality and quantity of news about different communities in the media. Taboo topics not to be reported, are set by government and sensitive information is censored by the Ministry of Information. Independent sources of information are also restricted.

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The states have gone as far as imposing word limits on the internet. The media cannot wholly utilise the unlimited space on the internet for their reporting as they have been restricted. This curtails the integrity of journalism. Newspapers and other media channels in such states have to neutralize their news, views and opinions in fear that they might turn out to be unpleasing to the parties on which their advertising rates depend on.

The pursuit of particular issues in journalism and interesting views to readers has turned out to be a threat to larger profits. This way, even the problems regarding the poor in the country stop being highlighted not unless the affluent customers are affected by them.

Monopolization of the media

The concept of politics in the media has been marred by blandness due to standardization. Material that are socially sensitive to the affluent customers are not exposed, and the selection and writing of news become totally neutral. This is an aspect of media ‘objectivity’ that has contradicted the ideal ‘subjectivity’ in journalism. This objectivity has led to genuine relevant information being left out as per the authorities’ command.

There is the reproduction of the words of the authorities in the media. The media then makes a habit of reporting only political safe news such as crime, natural disasters and accidents, even if they are not relevant to the audience. The reporters have been left powerless and their democracy and that of the people is threatened (Ghadbian, 2001).

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The media in these states has centered on advertising taking most of the time on television and space in newspapers. When criticised, the media owners claim the public enjoys advertisements. To counter such criticism, they have further sophisticated the manipulation of emotions.

The monopolization of the media erodes democracy and the link between the media and country’s political system has worked to starve the voters of important knowledge. This therefore calls for community-based models and alternative business in order to bring to an end the monopoly of big media corporations.

Monopoly in the media can be challenged by founding of numerous satellite TV stations. Proliferation of these can change the government’s rules of censorship and control as it will prove to be overwhelming. In the Arab world, satellite TV stations such as; Al-Jazira, played an important role in the eradication media monopolization. The internet on the other hand can be utilized essentially for dissemination of information. This way, the government is rendered less relevant; and independent and free sources of information are availed to the people. When people lose interest in state media, the state eventually loses control on the media.

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If state media could free themselves by embracing commercial support rather than government subsidy, they will no longer be under government control as they will make their own profits independently.

Monopolization of the media

Making the press law effective by the election of leaders who are passionate about the information age can make a move from monopolization. Such can bring in new measures in the media policy in response to the worldwide competition. The appointment of a reform-minded Adan Umran in Syria saw him bring numerous changes in the media (Ghadbian, 2001).

If all intellectuals and journalists demand more freedom of speech, expression and accountability, this will relieve them the burden of monopolization in the media. This need of a journalism culture in Syria, made writers demand for freedom of press and an end to the one-party rule and this bore fruits (Ghadbian, 2001).

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In conclusion, all individuals should be agents of change in their countries as this is key to unlocking the freedom of media and closing the doors of media monopolization. If appropriate actions are taken, then this freedom will be achieved. On the other hand, lack of political will, fear, reluctance and unwillingness to take steps of change will not drive to media freedom.

References

Ghadbian, N. (2001). Civil Society and Citizenship: Internet Resources. Contesting the state media monopoly: Syria on Al-Jazira Television. Volume 5, No. 2 – June 2001. Retrieved from http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/meria/journal/2001/issue2/jv5n2a7.html

Monopolization of the media

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Chapultepec Declaration: Freedom Declaration

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Chapultepec Declaration

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The Chapultepec Declaration: How its Authors Equate Press Freedom and Democracy

Chapultepec Declaration

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Chapultepec Declaration

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Chapultepec Declaration

References

BBC Monitoring International Reports. (2002, May). St. Kits and Nevis signs Chapultepec

Declaration. BBC Monitoring International Reports, 1-2. Retrieved Oct 2, 2012, from http://www.ebscohost.com

Chapultepec Declaration

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Personal Statement Sample Paper

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Personal Statement Sample

What is your intended major? Discuss how your interest in the subject developed and describe any experience you have had in the field such as volunteer work, internships and employment, participation in student organizations and activities and what you have gained from your involvement.

Personal Statement

Since my early age, computers have always fascinated me. My dad and my brother introduced me to these through computer games and this sparked an undying interest in me. Computers play an important role in our lives and the computing industry keeps growing at an alarming rate. My creativity and interest then demand that I specialize in Computer Science, and my enthusiasm calls for success in this. I knew back them that computing was my call and dreamt of majoring in computer science at the university.

Personal Statement Sample: Prompt 1 (transfer applicants)

When I was still young back in Beijing, I had got real close to my dad and my brother. These two mattered most to me for a reason well known to me. Playing videogames and other computer games with them are my most memorable childhood experiences. I would always look forward to evenings and weekends to just spend with them on computers. Because of them, there grow a strong love and curiosity about computers.

I used to naively wonder and ask them how computers worked yet they had no brains or any form of control but they would just brush this off. My curiosity had increased and I set out to discover this by myself. Since then I have had a strong attachment to computers, and these arouse a lot of interest in me.

After arriving in the US four years ago, I still found computers the best option for me as they were friendlier and do not require high levels of English proficiency, considering I am an immigrant. I used to spend a lot of time on my computer, discovering and learning newer stuff in the world of computers. I realized that in computer manipulation and use, learning is a continuous process as one discovers new things everyday.

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While at City college of San Francisco, I looked for student organizations with computer as their interest. I was happy to find the ‘CCSF Linux Users’ Group which comprises computer enthusiasts. This group made me feel more at home as I could share a lot of computer knowledge with people whom we shared a common interest. This group mainly has the Linux operating system at heart and is a proponent of the open-source movement.

I therefore gained a lot of knowledge mainly on the Linux operating system and participated in the group’s open-source movement. This group has greatly advanced my proficiency in computers and has as well widened my knowledge on the same. Pursuing Computer Science will therefore crown all these and make me a professional and a fully fledged computer scientist.

Personal Statement Sample: Prompt 2 (all applicants)

Human beings are judged by their actions. These actions make up human experience and can as well make up their achievements which determine a person’s integrity. However, a person’s future aspirations are as important as their past experiences. Different people perceive achievement differently. Some like to see it as a universal law while others view it as a tenet, however, to me, achievement is a rule.

Having been born and raised in Beijing; a cultural center of XX, I have always had great love for my country. However, since I was a child, I always dreamt of living abroad and especially experiencing life in the US as I saw it in films and most literature. This had become my wildest dream. It was hard to believe it when plans fell in place for me to enroll at the City College of San Francisco. To me, this was a dream come true and one of my biggest achievements in life.

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I had already achieved my dream of living and studying in America. This however opened up another aspiration in me. This is getting to the University of ****. I have had past knowledge of this University since I was in XX but getting there seemed unbelievable to me back then. However, since I moved to the US, my perspective on life changed and the go-getter aspect in me was rekindled even more.

I believe in dreams and helping people achieve their dreams, just like I did. It is while here that I discovered the sympathetic aspect in my personality. I came to understand the joy of living a dream and what it means to not live a dream. My life was good and I was happy but I figured out about those other souls out there who have not had the chance of having their aspirations come true, let alone not having the opportunity to live a decent life that would turn their dreams into reality.

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All these have been life-changing to me; my personality portrays more maturity, patience, integrity and understanding. This has shaped me to be a responsible person; a quality that will make me excel in all my endeavors. However I am still young and this does not mark the end of my aspirations. I believe in the future and what education will do for me. This is why my aspiration now is the University of ****. I believe in myself, my abilities and capabilities. I have to be on top-of –things to be considered here and so I will do all I can to prove myself.

I will be greatly honored to be part of the University of **** fraternity; an institution with such a strong educational base. I aspire to have a brilliant future where I will responsibly face any challenges that will come my way. As a computer specialist, I will work at ensuring that I give the best in my work.

I love my family and so wish to have one happy family in future and help my children live their dreams. Above all, my knowledge in computer science must be felt by positively impacting on the world around me. I am an all-rounder and so with lots of opportunities before me, I will use my efforts to ensure I grab them all. This way, I will have lived a purposeful life.

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