The historical evolution of advance nurse practice indicates the importance of Advance practice nurses are in delivering of quality and cost effective care. This class outlined the theoretical foundation of nursing practice which has enabled me gain credibility and develops the necessary practice skills and core competencies in this dynamic and complex nursing environment.
It has empowered me with appropriate skills to navigate the complex healthcare systems and to promote evidence based practice and knowledge. The course provides an opportunity to evaluate the traditional and current nursing practice by exploring nursing theories and theories in other discipline. This has provided an opportunity to understand the various theories, and to explore the best framework that reflects my role as a Family nurse practitioner (Shearer and Adams, 2012).
Reflecting on this course outcomes, I recognize several outcomes that I can relate with to develop my professionalism. The course has enabled me to integrate knowledge gathered from previous courses to deliver quality care. I have developed critical thinking skills that are essential in developing differential diagnoses; and competences that will help one to relate and address the health dilemmas encountered in my discipline.
The unit course on facilitates the development and interdisciplinary leadership provided; thereby providing an opportunity to interact collaboratively with other professions, and their role in delivering cost effective and quality care. The course outcome provides an opportunity to exhibit advanced communication skills, thereby ensuring that I can appropriately and confidently engage as a team member and collaborator and simultaneously functioning as part of the multi-disciplinary team (Zanetti, 2015).
The Advance nurse practitioner functions in various role territories including the family nurse practitioners, nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists, administrators and nurse researchers. Through this course, one can differentiate the distinct role territories; for instance, nurse specialist focus on illness management in acute care, during consultation, education and research.
Nurse administrators work as clinical leaders within the field or expertise. On the other hand, the Family nurse practitioner focus on primary care where they provide care plan, comfort, educate and in promotion of health and wellness strategies. As a family nurse practitioner, my core role as primary care clinician is to coordinate the healthcare team, educate/instruct patient and to work as care managers (Fitzgerald et al., 2012).
The advance nurses (family nurse practitioners) are patient’s advocates and must deliver this role actively to ensure that patient’s rights and dignity are protected. The course is structured in such a way that one can synthesize knowledge from ethics, regulatory statutes and theory, to develop personal philosophy in my career.
This includes development of cultural competence so as to champion as a social and culture ambassador and to ensure that care is available, accessible, and delivered equitably without any bias. I have explored the ethical and legal principles in my State, and as required as a professional member of the nursing community (Shearer and Adams, 2012).
This course outcome provides an opportunity to utilize research so as to identify health promotion strategies, diseases prevention and to deliver cost effective and quality care as evidence based, while respecting sensitivity towards population or patient’s unique attributes.
The introduction to scholarly project development helped me in gaining skills on the importance of consulting with preceptors, identifying problems in clinical practice, explore on evidence of achievements and to disseminate findings. I find these skills to be very useful even upon graduation, and also when pursuing professional advancement (Morgan, Barry, & Barnes, 2012).
As a future advance nurse practitioner, I now understand that learning is not just an act of momentary acquisition of skills and knowledge, but a process where skills and knowledge become honed so that they can manifest in every aspect of clinical practice. Looking at my future career, it is my hope that I will apply the core competencies gained to develop critical awareness in all the different role functions. Thank you for your immense guidance and support throughout the course.
References
Fitzgerald, C., Kantrowitz-Gordon, I., Katz, J., & Hirsch, A. (2012). Advanced Practice Nursing Education: Challenges and Strategies. Nursing Research and Practice, 2012, 854918. http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/854918
Morgan, C., Barry, C., & Barnes, K. (2012). Master’s programs in advanced nursing practice: new strategies to enhance course design for subspecialty training in neonatology and pediatrics. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 3, 129–137. http://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S29270
Shearer, D., and Adams, J. (2012). Evaluating an advanced nursing practice course: student perceptions, nursing standard 26(21):35-41. DOI:10.7748/ns2012.01.26.21.35.c8888
Zanetti, M. L. (2015). Advanced nursing practice: strategies for training and knowledge building. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(5), 779–780. http://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0000.2614
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Spiritual discipline is imperative for any Christian with a strong quest to live a fulfilling godly lifestyle and achieve the optimum outcome from his faith. It has been part of my weekly practice to adhere to a spiritual discipline plan for the aim of inculcating a consistent godly lifestyle and avoiding all manner of temptations. This study provides a brief evaluation of the achievements I attained while implementing the plan, how I overcame temptations and the plan I shall use for the next twelve months.
Spiritual Discipline Evaluation
In the entire week while implementing the spiritual discipline plan, I came to realize the importance of having a consistent personal relationship with God. Spiritual discipline highlighted to me the beauty of staying attached to the creator of all and learning many things that the Holy Spirit has to offer to all that are thirsty for Him. My spiritual discipline plan entailed two activities, which were journaling and a scripture taking. Each day I allocated an hour of prayer and reading the Word every morning and evening with a quest of making it my personal habit. It was difficult to adhere to the schedule as I was used to the normal routine of waking up and preparing for other activities.
Putting God first ahead of my daily activities has made me realize that I achieve more because He goes ahead of me. In scripture taking, I came across a verse granting the ownership of day and night to Him;[1] therefore, His importance in leading us every day is unquestionable.
I allowed the Holy Spirit to lead me through scripture taking, which enabled me to have a satisfying devotion every day. Although I managed to accomplish the devotions almost daily, some days I slept late and woke up very late making it difficult to have a conducive session. I was able to achieve covering up to nine chapters of the scriptures per day, only skipping devotion on average twice a week.
I spent a considerable amount of time, sharing the scripture with my neighbors and friends during the weekend and in our cell group, which exposed me to more revelations from other brethren. I would make it clear that it was not smooth sailing as exhaustion sometimes made it difficult to attain these goals but God enabled me to achieve them.
I also managed to do journaling every day. Journaling is an activity I personally saw as important since it allowed me to quickly capture insights developed whenever I read the scripture or reflected on the doings of the Lord in my life. Personal reflections and meditations especially after my devotions helped me to grow a deep understanding of the purposes of God in my life.
Every day I sought to record at least five things that I consider a blessing in my life. This helped me to identify what I had taken for granted in my life that God was doing. It is surely surprising to know what the Lord has done by counting one’s blessings one by one. Implementing the first plan was difficult because of lack of personal training into being consistent in implementing the plan.
However, it became easier to implement the plan on a daily basis by developing some discipline in avoiding distractions that would rob me time in the evenings and morning. Some of these activities included staying out late, sleeping late, oversleeping, and watching television until late.
Battle Strategy
The ability to overcome temptations is an important step in achieving long-term goals in life, whether spiritually, academically, economically, or socially.[2] Lack of self-control is a major setback in establishing a thriving spiritual life that is both fulfilling and successful in the pursuit of godliness. The Bible is clear that temptations that come upon people are due to the evil that are accustomed to them.[3]
It is however important to undergo trials as it helps to build perseverance in the life of a Christian. The main temptations I identified before the beginning of my plan was the use of electronics and the social media. I realized I was spending a considerable amount of time watching television and chatting on social media sites. This was detrimental to my spiritual walk and especially being consistent in my devotions and prayer.
During the implementation of my plan, I learnt how to allocate time for my evening and morning devotions by, reducing the time I was using to watch television and accessing social media sites. I placed a lot of priority on my devotions especially in the evening by deciding to do my devotions early before doing other things. Social media can also provide a lot of temptation to a Christian, so I limited the time taken to use the sites. Additionally, I decided to use the sites to promote spiritual matters by sharing Bible verses and evangelism.
I developed the need to draw satisfaction from the social media by interacting with friends and catching up with people I have not met for a long time. Using sites like facebook, whatsapp, and twitter provides a window into getting information concerning what is happening in the society and people’s views concerning them.
However, the devotion plan helped in making me understand the importance of allocating time to build a relationship with God. Although there was some great tendency to veer off the quest to remain spiritual, adhering to the spiritual discipline plan made it easier to overcome temptations.
However, I can also say that the Holy Spirit helped me a lot in realizing this goal as it is not by my strength that I was able to accomplish this. I also drew a lesson from the Bible, which states that we should draw closer to God in order to overcome the temptations that the devil throws at us.[4]
Spiritual Discipline Plan
Reading the scriptures and prayers constitute a very important part of personal devotion. In my devotions, I have learnt to create notes on what I have learnt, and this has helped me in developing personal insight on what the Spirit communicates to me on a daily basis. In my new plan for the next six-month or so, I would like to share with people more about these insights in order to spread the word of God. I have desired to be active in evangelism so that I may lead other people to Christ and help them change their lives.
In order to undertake this new plan, I would like to get involved with some brethren in the church who are consistent in evangelism and become part of them. I believe by surrounding myself with people who have the heart for the lost will enable me reach out to more people with the message of truth and helping them in their daily struggle through sharing of a message of hope. I also need to study the Bible more and my plan shall not rely on my daily devotions but by taking part in Bible studies with my church’s cell group members.
In the next month going forward, I shall aim to lead at least one person to Christ every month, while taking part in church activities that optimally capitalizes on my faith and ability. Having a great intimacy with God can overflow into a personal action and lead to someone reaching out to others as an expression of this intimacy.[5] I believe by putting action into my faith, I shall not only be alive to the working of God in my life but also to hearing from Him even more.
Bibliography
Bible, Holy. “King James Version.” Texas: National Publishing Company(2000).
To deliver quality care for patients, it is essential for nurses to apply the best current practice. However, the old adage “all that glitter is not gold” is also applicable in research. This is because not all nursing research is of high standard, which implies that nurses should not just take research based on the fact that it is being published. Critiquing of quantitative study follows a systematic approach to appraise the strengths and weakness of the piece of research, with the aim of determining their applicability or credibility to practice.
In this context, this paper will critically analyze this study: – Dobson, R., Whittaker, R., Jiang, Y., Shepherd, M., Maddison, R., Carter, K., Cutfield, R., McNamara, C., Khanolkar, M., and Murphy, R. (2016). Text message-based diabetes self management support (SMS4BG): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 17: 179. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1305-5
Background of study
The title is the first thing observed in this article. An appropriate title should be about 10-15 word long. Too short or long title can be confusing as well as misleading. In this context, the title clearly identifies the purpose of study, which is randomized controlled study on the impact of text message based diabetes support program.
The study’s abstract provides a succinct overview of the study research, including the aim of the study, sample size, study method, findings and conclusion. Reading the abstract, one is able to determine the relevance of the study to the researchers interest, and to whether continue or not continue reading the article (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
The research problem is well presented in the back ground if the study. The statement in this section broadly informs a reader about the purpose of the study. For instance, the study highlights that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing internationally, and the burden of this disease is reported among the minority groups, especially those from low income household.
The quantitative research critique reports that effective self management strategies should include frequent monitoring of diabetic patient, empowering the patient with healthy behaviors, and appropriate dosages insulin administration in order to enhance improvement in glyceamic control. In this section, the significance of the issue in nursing is also explored.
The study proposes that use of text message services to deliver health services and vital information is effective in supporting healthy behaviors and appropriate disease management. The increasing ownership of mobile phones makes it possible to reach populations that would otherwise be difficult to reach (Hinshaw & Basu, 2015).
The research question is thorough and is well elaborated using substantial yet relevant details as well as the explanation process. The study aims, research question and hypothesis helps the researcher to form a link between stated purpose and research problem. In this study, these concepts are clearly.
The aim of this quantitative research critique is to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health diabetes in supporting program (SMS4BG) in patients diagnosed with diabetes type1 and type 2. The specific objectives includes a) enhancing self management processes to improve glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and b) to assess its ability to improve diabetes management in remote populations (Dobson et al., 2016).
Methods of study
Methodology can be compared to nuts and bolts of a research study. The study followed the Standards Protocol Items Recommendation for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013. The study intervention was done based to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-EHEALTH checklist. The research method used in this study is quantitative research method.
There are various research method including experimental, non- experiment and quasi experimental design. In context, the study applied randomized controlled design to determine cause and affect relationship of the study variables. This type of research design is appropriate because it reduces potential sources of bias. This research method is easier to blind mask the participants because the treatment are identified clearly (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
The sample size used was 1000 participants (500 per arm). The stratification was done per health district with the urban and remote areas. This sample size was adequate and provided 90% power and 5% significance level to detect changes in 0.5% HbA1c within baseline of 9 months. Randomization and blinding was done in a ratio of 1:1. The stratification was done according to health district categories i.e. high urban or remote and status of diabetes.
To enhance vigor, the randomization process was done using computer program based on block sizes of 2 or 4. The nature of intervention made it difficult to conceal treatment allocation to participants and the research staff. To improve study outcome validity, the primary patient outcome such as HbA1c, hospital emergency visits and admissions were the objective assessors of the intervention (Dobson et al., 2016).
The next element is method of data collection. There are many strategies that can be adopted when collecting data in quantitative research including interviews, observational tools and attitude scales. This study used tailor made questionnaires that consisted of closed questions that had fixed answers. The paper outlines the process of data collection in clear and logical processes (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
The last phase is analysis of data collected, which is often identified as the most daunting tasks. This is because it is associated with complex statistical tests. The study clearly identifies the statistical tests that were undertaken including descriptive and inferential statistics in order to identify the causal and effect relationship between the variables. In this context, the demographics attributes were summarized using descriptive statistics. The study’s continuous variables was summarized using mean, standard deviation, and mean (Dobson et al., 2016).
Results of study
The discussion of the study findings flow logically and have been associated with literature review. However, the researcher does not indicate if the hypothesis supports the findings or not. The study discussions do not indicate if the findings relate to conceptual framework or not. However, the interpretations as well as the inferences met are clearly associated with study results. The significance of study findings is stated. The researcher also explores clinical significance and its clinical implication of the study (Polit and Beck, 2006; Jackson et al., 2014).
In this context, the paper explains the protocol for the proposed intervention which is use of SMS4BG trial to explore its impact on diabetes self management program. According to the study findings, this kind of intervention provides tailored support for people with poorly controlled diabetes, especially those living in remote areas. The study develops a protocol that builds on previous evidence on the impact of technology in people with diabetes. The researcher states that the pilot study indicates that the intervention is applicable and is perceived and important in patients diagnosed with diabetes across the country (Dobson et al., 2016).
Ethical considerations
There are four fundamental ethical principles including justice, non-maleficence, autonomy and beneficence. The principle of autonomy implies that participants have the right to decide whether or not they want to participate in research without any coercion or have fear of what the research is investigating. The Non-maleficence principle implies that the participants are protected from any kind of physical or psychological harm.
Beneficence principle in this context implies that the research should have positive impact to the patient and the society. Justice in case implies that the research should ensure that all participants are treated equally. In addition, moral rules connected with these ethical principles include fidelity, veracity, privacy and confidentiality (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
To ensure that these ethical considerations are observed is by ensuring that the institutional review boards approve research before it takes place. This is to ensure that the principles and moral rules are adhered to. In this context, the research team sought ethical approval from Health and Disability Ethics Committee (14/STH/162), and that each participant signed an informed consent (Dobson et al., 2016).
Conclusion
The paper concludes by discussing the significance of the study findings. The study makes generalization but indicates that caution should be taken when implementing the recommendations depending on the study purpose and design. The paper does not make any meaningful recommendations for further investigations (Polit and Beck, 2006).
References
Dobson, R., Whittaker, R., Jiang, Y., Shepherd, M., Maddison, R., Carter, K., Cutfield, R., McNamara, C., Khanolkar, M., and Murphy, R. (2016). Text message-based diabetes self management support (SMS4BG): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 17: 179. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1305-5.
Hinshaw, L., & Basu, A. (2015). Technology Use for Problem Solving in Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 17(7), 443–444. http://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2015.0175
Jackson, I. L., Adibe, M. O., Okonta, M. J., & Ukwe, C. V. (2014). Knowledge of self-care among type 2 diabetes patients in two states of Nigeria. Pharmacy Practice, 12(3), 404.
1. Introduction: Huawei and the Business case for Innovation
Huawei, a company that initially started as a private start-up in China is rapidly becoming a competent innovative and encompassing company. Through competitive advantage, the company has found its way inside countries where competent companies exist, like the United States, Europe, and Japan. With staffs spread worldwide, the company allows employees to hold stocks, thereby becoming an employee-owned company, allowing the company to quickly spread across the world (Tao & Chunbo, 2014).
Historically founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, Huawei has undergone extraordinary transformation since its foundation (Cremer & Tao, 2015a). Zhengfei started the company selling Private Branch Exchange (PBX) in 1987. By 1993, he had built research and development (R &D) team, and the company was developing its own digital PBX (Zhu & Jones, 2014). Rapid expansion through innovation and leadership made the company to enter overseas market by 1995, and since millennium, the company has its presence across 170 countries.
Transforming from one man sales to international telecommunication giant, speaks about the innovative business management undertaking that Huawei embodies. The company mainly deals with selling optical transmission equipment that generates voice data and video services (Cremer & Tao, 2015a; Zhu & Jones, 2014). Some innovative products such as the Softswitch products, which is a used in VoIP network and Public Stitched Telephone Networks (PSTN) and VoIP networks are made available through this company.
Other products of Huawei that provides edge over other company includes the Next Generation Network (NGN) that give solutions to multimedia networks in cell phone (GSM and CDMA), land lines, and television (Abbott Foster & Reinsch, 2010). Collaboration and partnership with strong company like IBM and Neuf Telecom has also allowed the company to quickly build on their business set-up (Bell, 2008; Cremer & Tao, 2015b).
All these factors put together is making Huawei to offer good price-value-offer in the market, and allow cheaper and better technologies of China to compete and match with the Occidental ones. In short, Huawei is the upcoming company to watch and compete in terms of business innovation.
2. Prioritising Innovation in Huawei
Through transparent media desensitization, the company is able to show that company based in China is worthy of respect, and that it is ready to play their part in international field (Tian et al., 2016). Huawei has unique management and business systems, different culture and systems, different approach towards innovation and reform, and rapid adaptation to evolving strategies and leadership systems that allow the company to climb towards innovative leadership board. Given such advancement, Huawei has become one of the most cited companies in terms of their business programs across the world (Tian et al., 2016).
During the 90s, R&D was all about internationalization, corporate entrepreneurship, and information-integration, but the turn of millennium is taking R&D towards becoming a technological maverick, which the Chinese company like Huawei is emphasizing. Huawei has simply become the classic example of technological prowess from emerging power country that is China (Boutellier et al., 2008). In China, Huawei is known as the B2B-brand, and the Chinese consider it as the largest manufacturer of telecommunication equipment (Bell, 2008).
Within China and beyond, the success of the Huawei is attributed towards its excellent R&D, where they engage in investing 10% of its revenue every year, holding thousands of patents, and cooperating with global players like IBM, Intel, Motorola, Oracle, and TI (Bell, 2008; Tian et al., 2016). With research centers in information technology centers of the world like India, Russia, Sweden, and the United States, the Company works toward garnering customer’s requirements, thereby becoming a leader and innovator in technology world.
Their business innovation comes in terms of creating several digital technologies that will help link PCs, TVs, stereos, and other devices to the internet, thereby making the company to get easy access to the competitive platform, and in establishing itself as one of the leader in innovation (Bell, 2008). Again, since there are many fourth generation networks operating commercially across contemporary world, the relatively new system is suddenly becoming obsolete again.
Huawei’s R&D is therefore working to develop fifth generation or 5G network system that will give innovative and leadership edge in the telecom world. With hundreds of engineers working on 5G networks, excellent airwaves or spectrum is expected to be released by Huawei by 2010 (Hu, 2013). This network will allow Huawei to introduce 5G network, which will accelerate the speed to 10 Gigabytes, which is 100 times faster that 4G network.
The company also believes in diversity as part of its business innovative skills, and such emphasis has been able to garner revenue sales for the company. Diversity has been able to build the company’s sales and revenue, allowing employees and stockholders to build their own business and interest. Study by Cremer and Tao (HBR) shows that in the initial period, when Zhengfei designed the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), he came to realize that not owning the company’s total share capital will not harm his company.
He therefore makes employees to have their own share, and he himself holds only 1.4% of the company’s total share capital. Such profit allowance to employees and stockholders is an innovative step of the Company, yet unapplied in other competing companies. Confucian values of equality and harmony, and the idea of building the company on equity are making Huawei to rapidly expand their businesses. Bridging wealth gap, but getting paid for what people contribute balanced out the business growth and entrepreneurial set-up of the company.
3. Leadership and Innovative challenges
3.1. Theoretical Framework
Smith, Fressoli and Thomas (2014) in “Grassroots Innovation Movements: Challenges and Contributions” shows that innovative challenges in technological world mainly encompasses some grassroots issues like attending the needs of distinctive local requirement-specificities, and company like Huawei faces such challenges in penetrating local markets. For Edquist (2009), innovation challenges mainly takes the form of global innovative challenges where many competent markets are there in the market for consumers to affiliate themselves with. West and Gallagher (2006) present in “Challenges of Open Innovation:
The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open-Source Software” also present a theoretical framework that innovation challenges and becoming a leader in the market often involves finding creative ways to compete with other brand; understanding internal and external needs of the companies; and keeping up with the need for innovations that will fulfill customers across its market. Will R&D solve such issues? Since Huawei invest vehemently in R&D, this alone may not be the solution, but business strategies and management, innovative product development, and selling complements will also speed up the process.
3.2. Leadership and Innovative Challenges within Huawei Company
Huawei is no doubt a leading Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions provider, and the leadership of Huawei is demonstrated through its capacity to surpass Sweden’s Ericson in 2012, thereby proving that it is an upcoming world’s largest telecom equipment maker and provider (Zhu & Jones, 2014).
However, given the fast changing environment and relentless international competition, Huawei like any other company now face innovative and leadership challenges in the telecom market. Huawei strategy so far concerns developing proprietary standards, and making technologies available at a low cost that will help the company to become the number one telecom company in the world (Abbott Foster & Reinsch, 2010), but Chinese companies are always regarded as copier of technologies, and not a world leader in terms of innovative revolution, and Huawei comes under this category.
In terms of leadership challenges, the company continues to compete with other telecom companies like Cisco, Lucent, and Alcatel (Bell, 2008; Boutellier et al., 2008). Since they remain as the world leading equipment manufacturers, Huawei faces strong competitions to their leadership stand.
In China, Huawei faces strongest competition against their leadership and innovative spirit from UTStarcom, where the latter has branded Huawei as a ‘follower’ and not an ‘innovator’ (Bell, 2008). The work of Huawei is regarded as doing thing which others have already done and made.
This only manifests the company as imitating company, where research studies and building products are based on other companies’ working mechanisms and products. Thus, Huawei as a total B2B-brand is also not considered as consumer’s brands like Haier and Lenovo; instead, it is only regarded as a company that could or could not become a consumer brand someday.
Innovative challenges are seen even while creating equal access to stock opportunities by Huawei, since the company to not promote distribution outcomes. This equal access of ESOP however remains inaccessible to non-Chinese employees owing to legal constraints, thereby making the innovation business management and practices to possess its own limitations.
Attempt to solve the issue through long-term incentive plan known as Time-based Unit Plan (TUP) has not borne much success for the company (Tian et al., 2016). Huawei also basically remains as private company in terms of leadership and business management, and the fact that company has no plans to go public continues curtails innovation and growth of high value within the company.
According to Cremer and Tao (2015b), Huawei’s rotating CEO system that drives any profit organization also remains re-examination. The company should appoint competent strong CEO, since this position is the embodiment of the company in terms of promoting sales, profit and creating shareholder value in general.
Huawei aims to become the leader of smart phones and smart-device suppliers in the world in the coming four or five years, but such leadership target comes with all forms of internal and external challenges (Yu, 2016). Among technological giant countries, Huawei is only making rapid headway in China and Europe, but slower in the United States, Japan, and India. Penetrating rapidly in these countries will allow the company to grow in their leadership prowess, although breaking technological giants prominent in these countries remain challenging.
4. CONCLUSION: Practical Measures to Overcome Challenges
Huawei operates in a challenging environment, and although the company is regarded as an imitator, rather than a leader, the company can transform itself as a leader through the process of re-orientation, adaption, management strategies, and better business innovation through R&D.
The company can solve its leadership and innovation challenges mainly through R&D activities that will help design and transform the telecom and propel its position in becoming a global innovative ICT leader. To meet leadership and innovative challenges, Huawei should invest more time in R &D that meet the needs of customers and channel partners within and outside Chinese employee stockholders.
In recent years, Huawei has been launching products that encompass progressive technologies like cloud computing, ISP, IOT, and all other vertical solutions that will provide better business platform for the company (PTI, 2015). Such innovation will provide the company to leverage with global experience and expertise to become the leader in telecom and information technology world.
The company should also come up with distinctive products for all non-Chinese markets, depending on the needs of the consumers in different countries. The fact that the company has been expanding overseas since 1997, but remained little known outside China shows its weak business management strategies and weak innovative skills (Witzel & Goswami, 2012).
Globalized strategies along with its heavy R&D investment will help the company overcome innovation and leadership challenges. Consumers always want better product and the company that can come up with their requirements to succeed in the competitive market, and although success depends on the customers to decide their affiliation with the most advanced telecommunication capabilities that fulfill their needs company’s innovative and leadership prowess can make Huawei the leading ICT brand in the market.
References
Abbott Foster, W. & Reinsch, R.C. (2010). Huawei’s leadership role in IMS standards development and in its own proprietary Softswitch R. Tiong (ed.). Chinese Management Studies. [Online]. 4 (4). p.pp. 297–304. Available from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/17506141011094109. [Accessed: 3 March 2017].
Bell, S. (2008). International brand management of Chinese companies : case studies on the Chinese household appliances and consumer electronics industry entering US and Western European markets. Physica-Verlag.
Boutellier, R., Gassmann, O. & Zedtwitz, M. von (2008). Managing Global Innovation: Uncovering the Secrets of Future Competitiveness. London: Springer.
Cremer, D. De & Tao, T. (2015a). Huawei: A Case Study of When Profit Sharing Works. Harvard Business Review. 24 (September). p.pp. 1–2.
Cremer, D. De & Tao, T. (2015b). Leadership Innovation: Huawei’s rotating CEO system. The European Review. 15 November.
Edquist, C. (2009). African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. [Online]. Adonis & Abbey Publishers. Available from: https://journals.co.za/content/aa_ajstid/2/3/EJC10560. [Accessed: 5 March 2017].
Hu, K. (2013). Huawei’s CEO: The Innovation Journey To 5G And Beyond. Forbes. 26 August.
PTI (2015). Huawei launches innovation solution-demo centre in B’luru. Free Press Journal.
Smith, A., Fressoli, M. & Thomas, H. (2014). Grassroots Innovation Movements: Challenges and Contributions. Journal of Cleaner Production. [Online]. 63. p.pp. 114–124. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652612006786. [Accessed: 5 March 2017].
Tao, T. & Chunbo, W. (2014). The Huawei Story. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India.
Tian, T., De Cremer, D. & Wu, C. (2016). Huawei: Leadership, Culture, and Connectivity. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India.
West, J. & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of Open Innovation: The Paradox of Firm Investment in Open-Source Software. R and D Management. [Online]. 36 (3). p.pp. 319–331. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00436.x. [Accessed: 5 March 2017].
Witzel, M. & Goswami, T. (2012). The Case Study: Huawei’s Entry to India. Financial Times. 17 September.
Yu, R. (2016). Huawei’s Big Plan: No. 1 in Smartphones Globally – WSJ. Wall Street Journal. 8 July.
Zhu, H.D. & Jones, M. (2014). Huawei: An Exemplar for Organizational Change in a Modern Environment. Journal of Information Technology Education:Discussion Cases. 3 (1). pp. 1–13.
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Similar to writing, film uses techniques with the aim of eliciting different response from their audiences. The movie is designed such that they produce specific effect on as intended on their audiences. “Remember the Titans (2000)” is a great film directed by Boaz Yakin. The movie is not only entertaining but also helps one to understand the characteristics and behaviors of a family, as well as its dynamics. This paper conducts a family assessment on Coach Boone family.
Movie setting and story
This is a movie based on real life events racial discrimination that prevailed in the early 1970’s. The settings take place in a small town in Virginia. During the desegregation of high school in 1971 saw an African American head coach – Herman Boone be hired at the T.C. Williams High School as the lead coach of the School’s football team. He is assigned to work under Bill Yoast- the current coach nominated for Virginia School Hall of Fame (IMDb, 2000).
During the training camp, the football players (black and white) would clash frequently in racially motivated conflicts. However, forceful coaching and rigorous training by Coach Boone including a run early in the morning to the Gettysburg cemetery and motivational talk; the team learns to understand one another. Throughout the training season, Boone and Yoast mixed race football players learns to accept one another and to work together because football knows no race.
Their coaches learn from them and in turn the whole team understands the importance of family. Consequently, the team prepares adequately to pursue the State Championship and to deal with all unthinkable tragedy that would threaten their capacity to perfect their team (IMDb, 2000).
After returning from football camp, the school board informs Coach Boone that if he loses even one game, he would be dismissed with immediate effect. Fortunately, the Titans go throughout the season as champions and succeed in fighting racial prejudice simultaneously. However, the chairman of the school board informs Coach Yoast that he would be inducted in hall of fame if he helps titan’s loose one game.
This implied that school board wanted to dismiss Boone because of his race. During the game, the referees are shown to be biased towards the Titans. The satisfaction on the school board faces makes Yoast to threaten them that he will expose their scandal unless the referees would officiate the game fairly. The teams win, which makes Yoast loose his candidacy for induction.
When celebrating the victory, Bertier becomes injured severely in a car accident. He remains paralyzed the rest of his life but still continues to support the Titans. He goes ahead and wins a gold medal in shot put in Paralympics games. A decade later, Bertier dies in another automobile accident. His family, teammates and coaches reunites and attend his funeral as one big family (IMDb, 2000).
Assessment of movie family
The movie assessed from this movie is Coach Herman Boone. She has a wife (Carol Boone and two daughters (Nicky and Karen). In reference to socio-cultural process, there is increased desegregation of the society based on racial differences. However, Coach Boone tries to unite his family so that they can be culturally competent enough to fight racial prejudice that prevailed in the 1970s. He even gives a motivational talk to empower his children to make them understand the importance of remaining united and as a family even during challenges (IMDb, 2000).
Initially, the movie setting or environment is not peaceful. There are increased incidences of racial prejudice to an extent that the school board wants to dismiss Coach Boone due to his race. Later, the Titans help in uniting his family and the entire community by developing friendship and teamwork beyond their racial identities, and in overcoming the obstacles (IMDb, 2000).
There is effective communication within his family. They listen to Coach Boone motivational talk, and his instructions about understanding one another irrespective of their values and beliefs differences.
Decisions regarding the family are made by Coach Boone. However, occasionally he gets advice from his wife, friends and coach Yoast.
Coach Boone takes his father role seriously throughout the movie and tries to remain an influential leader as much as possible. For instance, he pushes his family to work as hard as possible thereby making them a champion. His wife Carol embraces her role effectively by supporting his husband battle racial prejudice (IMDb, 2000).
Coach Boone and his wife are able to unite their family members. They are able to make their daughters to develop love and respect as their core family value.
The family dynamics of socialization revolves around the racial segregated community, desegregated community and the love between the neighbors and friends. For instance, the community shows empathy, respect and love when they congregate to bid the final farewell to one of the Titans member (IMDb, 2000).
Although Coach Boone struggled to make the family to be as normal as other family, he helped them to adapt into their new environments and learn to respect each other’s opinions. Although it was challenging at first, Coach Boone motivational talks with his daughters made them to adapt and co-exist with ease, which was spread across the community (IMDb, 2000).
Comparison to Beavers System Model
Beavers system Model is used to assess family competence based on the following concepts (Beavers and Hampson, 2000);
Family structure: Coach Boone is perceived by his commitment to his team and the indistinct boundaries with each of the team members irrespective of their socio-cultural background.
Mythology of the family varies from congruent to incongruent. They had conflicting communication but always reached for an understanding.
Goal –directed negotiations are witnessed when the family re-strategizes their values and loyalty to accommodate their differences so that they could support their father to help the Titans to take the States Championship.
Autonomy is not well witnessed in the movie, but each member of the family members accepted their responsibility.
Family affect is witnessed by the expression of love, respect and care for one another.
Summary and conclusion
This is one of the most influential tasks. It is important to take time and assess family structure and styles so as to effectively develop and appropriate care plan. Getting to understand the family and the role they play in treatment manage helps the healthcare provider to develop patient centered care and to effectively assess the strengths and barriers that determines the family’s health status.
References
Beavers, R., and Hampson, R. (2000). The Beavers systems model of family functioning. Journal of family therapy 22(2), 128-143
The need for a trajectory plan cannot be ignored in the life of a nurse. This is based on the fact that it ensures that goals are set to guide the career path. Despite the career path chosen by a nurse, there is a great need to have this plan, both on a short- and long-term basis, and revise it regularly so that appropriate adjustments can be made. For a novice advanced practice nurse intending to transit successfully to a professional informatics role and specialize in the same, the trajectory plan can help to a very great extent.
Purpose statement; for me to be able to transition properly to the informatics nurse specialist role, being very dynamic and focused can promote efficiency.
The plan
As a nurse I possess some strengths that have enabled me practice effectively with time, as well as ensure positive outcomes at the work environment and for the patients. I possess strong communication skills and I can manage applying problem solving skills to different scenarios to solve practice issues. Whenever offering care, I use the patient-centered or individualized approach, that enables me assess the personal factors contributing to the state of health.
I have strong critical analysis and judgment skills, and I normally apply the various ethical frameworks and code of practice, as well as the professional standards when offering care. This enables me practice based on the requirement. To develop as the informatics nurse specialist, I would need to be more computer competent and be more knowledgeable about the various technologies (Robin, Xavier & Agrawal, 2016). My coordination and time management skills would also need to improve so that I would not cause delays and inconvenience other multidisciplinary team members.
As an informatics nurse specialist, I can easily become a nurse educator or nursing administrator. In case I intend to concentrate on information technology, then I would easily become an information technology nursing advocate or even a chief information officer. At the same time, I would be acting as the bridge between information technology and the clinical universe spheres. Therefore, both professional growth and career opportunities are immense in this role (Robin, Xavier & Agrawal, 2016). Other related specialties include consumer needs consultant, research nurse or public health nurse.
The talents and strengths that I would need to focus on so as to be highly competent in the role include decision making and judgment. This would enable me choose appropriate actions considering the relative benefits and costs. Moreover, critical thinking, active listening, and reading comprehension would enable me remain highly relevant to the needs of my patients. At the same time, the complex problem solving skills would need to be emphasized. Monitoring and assessing performance would enable uptake of proper actions at all times.
Additional skills and knowledge would also help. One of these is instructing, that is, teaching others on how they can do different things. Technology design would enable me adapt and generate technology and equipment to the server user needs. At times, it would be necessary to apply mathematics in solving problems, making this a very essential skill.
The coordination skills would greatly help me to adjust actions based on the actions of other people. With negotiation skills, I can easily manage personnel resources by directing, developing, and motivating people as they carry out their various roles. These skills and knowledge are indispensable in enabling me function appropriately as an informatics nurse specialist (Nelson & Staggers, 2013).
One of the strategies for promoting a successful transition would be reading and attending trainings where I would learn more about the role and what it requires to be effective in it. While acquiring the different knowledge and skills, I would visualize myself in the role and begin practicing while applying these. The second strategies would be talking to people who are already practicing as informatics nurse specialists.
This would be done with the aim of ensuring that all the challenges they face are highlighted so that while getting into the practice, I can know what to expect. The essentials would also be highlighted, making me prepare my mind effectively so as to be effective (Robin, Xavier & Agrawal, 2016). Apart from attending trainings, I would also carry out personal researches to know how the experiences of people has been. At the start of my role as an informatics nurse specialist, I would work alongside a more experienced person who can guide and orient me accordingly.
Within the next 2 or 5 years, I intend to join a network of informatics nurse specialists, either online or at the workplace. this will enable me remain connected and be conversant with all the issues that are coming up and how to address them. I intend to contribute actively in the network and in case there is none at the moment, I can create an online group. I also intend to have explored one or more of the career growth and advancement opportunities I have.
I am really interested in being a nurse education, as this will enable me transfer the immense knowledge and skills I have to others (Fitzpatrick & Ea, 2012). While doing this, I will also be learning a lot. At the same time, I intend to explore the research nurse role, where based on the issues that are being raised by the nurses I am educating, I can conduct some researches. This would enable me transform the practice and promote the uptake of the evidence-based practice.
To achieve these goals, I intend to manage my time very well. On a daily basis, I will have a list of the most important things I should do and ensure that procrastinating is avoided. Through proper time management, I will have adequate time to do many of the things I intend to engage in, as well as assist my colleagues (Fitzpatrick & Ea, 2012).
The second action will be ensuring that I am focusing on efficiency and keeping away from errors. This will greatly prevent a situation where the errors can make me keep going back, which would mean wasting a lot of time. at the same time, the need for a proper work-life balance cannot be ignored. This will constitute of ensuring that work time is dedicated to work while personal issues and family have their time.
Conclusion
The trajectory plan above can greatly promote success as an informatics nurse specialist. It is apparent that there are career growth opportunities with this role, and proper time management and planning can greatly promote success. Moreover, coordinating with others through networks can promote acquisition of knowledge. More importantly, efficiency would ensure that errors are avoided, which would prevent time wasting.
References
Fitzpatrick, J. J., & Ea, E. E. (2012). 201 careers in nursing. New York, NY: Springer.
Nelson, R., & Staggers, N. (2013). Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. New York, NY: Springer.
Foremost, one can argue that the ultimate goal of every human being is to thrive and live in a free world where their activities are not controlled or even restricted by some form of authority. However, every person has interests and needs that would often differ from another person’s. This means that conflicts are bound to happen when each person wants to take a different path that would eventually lead to a satisfaction of their endeavors.
Naturally, human beings are dependent on each other for survival (Qizilbash, 2014). For example, if a person has capital to start up a business, they will need workers to run the day to day operations of the business. Equally, human beings depend on the same resources to achieve different ends.
For instance, one person may use land to cultivate crop and another person may opt to use the same land for real estate development. In the same token, when a person acquires property, he naturally expects that another person would respect such property and refrain from trespassing or unwanted interference in its usage and vice-versa.
From the aforementioned examples, then it is evident that society generally is a unit that is modeled on the aspect of mutual co-existence. These sprouts up the concept of rules and regulations that are meant to guide the conduct of the people. These rules are often based on norms and acceptable codes of behavior supplemented by sanctions and punishments for any violation that may result (Urmonas & Naciscionis, 2016).
However, not all rules may be good for society but the authorities in charge of enforcing these rules may initiate manipulative ways to blind the people to presume the rules to be good. Take for instance a rule that requires one to kill another for trespassing in his property. Such an action may be justified but is it justifiable that another person’s life has been lost.
Thus, when one chooses not to adhere to the set rules, then such a person is presumed to be a crook deserving harsh punishment so as to conform to the set rules. In doing this, violent or even negative consequences may emerge all in bid to try and transform such a person to conform to the crude system.
PART TWO
Concisely, the story about the hanging stranger describes a society that has been indoctrinated into believing that certain acts are ordinary. These acts, from a reasonable man point of view should be nerve-wracking such that they demand proper action to be taken but it is not the case in our given story. Ordinarily, one would expect that if a dead man is found hanging in a lamppost, then the authorities would be informed and conduct immediate investigations on the same.
Nonetheless, the story depicts that even in such a crooked situation; there will be always one or two sane people that would see the problem. However, this means that pointing out such a problem would paint a person as an outlaw. This is the situation that Loyce finds himself in. Hence, in such a state, Loyce must first protect himself from being trapped in the same situation and livelihood as the others but this means that the concerned authorities will do everything possible to make sure he abides by the same rules and way of life. His life and that of his family is thus in danger.
In the story, Loyce is characterized as an ordinary person going about his everyday life. However, owing to the change of events his life suddenly turns into turmoil. Foremost, such a characterization portrays the picture that laws in the society seemingly affect the normal person on the street. Similarly, the residents of the town who are characterized as ordinary people represent a different role in the story of having accepted the codes of the corrupted system.
Therefore, by making a comparison of the two characters, then one is able to clearly see the variation of what ought to be right and what is wrong. Thus, when Loyce notices that a dead man is hanging from a lamppost and none of the other people is worried, then it makes him an outlaw that must face consequences of not following the established code.
As portrayed in the story, the rot in the society begins from the highest authorities. Considering these are the people with the power over the society, then whatever they propose or impose would be deemed to be right. Thus, if anybody objects to the same, they will take action which in the eyes of the other societal members will be taken as appropriate.
Undisputedly, rules require that a person be of a certain character in order to be accepted in the society. When this does not happen like in the case of Loyce, then negative consequences may emerge. For instance, Loyce is forced to move out of his home. Equally, when a person does not share in the same rules, views and opinions as the majority members in the society, it essentially means that there deferring personality would not be taken friendly. Hence, to contain ones behavior, it will take more than the use of rules. This means that force or even harm to the person may be used.
Importantly, the main aim of rules within the society is to limit or prevent the occurrence of conflicts. This means that every person must obey the rules imposed without question. Raising an alarm on any of such rules would mean one is corrupting the minds of the people following such a system and this could potentially lead to a revolution. For instance, when Loyce noticed that all the people were not worried about a body hanging from a lamppost; it hit him that they had been corrupted by the system.
The body was there to act as a bait to expose anyone that reacted to it because that was what any sensible man was expected to do. Such a reaction meant Loyce was a potential threat to the system as he was bound to lead to a struggle between him and the authorities thus endangering his life as afterwards he was attacked by a creature while in his house (Philip, 2015).
To conclude, it is averred that regardless of existence systems that indorse rules within the society that are bound to raise insurgencies for their violations, such rules can be defeated in the long run because they do not get to everybody. But these exceptional people must fight against such systems and take firm stands.
References
Philip K. Dick (Jan 29, 2017). The Hanging Stranger. American Literature. Retrieved from
Qizilbash, M (2014). Are modern philosophical accounts of well-being excessively‘individualistic’? International Review of Economics, 61(2), 173-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12232-014-0204-x
Implementation Plan, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plan Analysis
Strategic Plan: Implementation Plan, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plan Analysis
Introduction
Netgear is a global American networking company dealing with delivery of goods to service providers, businesses and consumers. The company engages in three different business segments including commercial, retail, and service provider. Most of its products are proven technologies including Ethernet, power line and wireless-Wi-Fi. The products distributed by the company are usually reliable and easy to use. The company has over 28,000 retail shops all over the world with its headquarters in San Jose, Calif (Mandy, 2015).
Implementation, strategic controls, and contingency plan
Netgear requires new methods of growth, revenue sources, and product distribution. The implementation plan will identify the best course of action that will steer the business forward including, set objectives action plans, milestones, task and task ownership, resource allocation and tactics. Financial projection with breakeven analysis chart is included in the implementation plan.
The strategic implementation plan is essential because it gives the company as the sense of direction that will lead to its success. An implementation is a strategic option where it gives reasons to draw closer to customers, get a competitive advantage and pursue growth within the organization. It helps in setting dimensions to be followed to achieve the desired outcome (Mandy, 2015).
Planning is the first step in implementing a strategy. This involves contracting the advertising company for them to run the advert. Communicating the change to employees is an important step to ensure that they fully understand what is going on in the organization. Motivating employee especially those that will be involved will ensure the success of the plan. The management of workload that come with change will ensure that employee is not overwhelmed by contracting external resources to assist with other activities especially the advertising company (Mandy, 2015).
Objectives
Objectives, as describe by many authors, refer to measurable, achievable outcomes that are meant to be reached in less or within one year. Goals are usually simple to be easily communicated to all employees from those in top management to those at the lower level. Short term objectives enable those responsible for the company desired needs to break down long-term needs and make them a reality (Mandy, 2015).
Goals are usually broken down into time frames typically from weeks, months, to below one year. Netgear primary objective will be to grow its pool of customer to ensure the increase in sales, maintain customers already in the system by coming up with more reward systems to provide revenue increase and overall growth. The marketing campaign includes giving incentives and rewards to get more clients and to maintain those already in the system (Peter & David, 2014).
Functional Tactics
Functional tactics are statements detailed with activities that the company will use to achieve its short term goals while establishing a competitive advantage. The key activities that to be undertaken in each area include; marketing, finance, and operations that will give the company opportunity to provide services to its clients. Within the organization, corporate managers, business managers, and functional must all agree to come up with a unified strategy and functional tactics that will lead to the achievement of organizational goals (Mandy, 2015).
Outsourcing
Implementation process would then be followed by the outsourcing of different services. Outsourcing is the process of assigning certain jobs traditionally handled by company employees to outside source to take care of it. Outsourcing services is a strategy applied by most companies to help save money and time. Netgear will outsource the services of the best advertising company for them to market our products and services to reach our target audience (Mandy, 2015).
Policies
Policies give guidance to employees on action to be taken that will benefit the organization. Netgear Company, therefore, needs to establish a set of policies that will drive the implementation of the strategy designed. Systems usually control the actions of employees and assigning the right personnel to the task and coming up with strategies that will be used should a problem arise during the implementation process. Policies help the organization to have a clear line of operations through assigning the right employees to take up the job. The set policies include giving Netgear employees actions that are expected to be done by them to ensure the success of set objectives (Mandy, 2015).
Compensation
Payment plans are used to reward employees for their good deeds or for going an extra mile to do tasks assigned to them. This happens when the company set policies to be followed by employees and those who follow them are rewarded for their actions. Netgear Company seeking to improve its overall sales will give incentives and commissions to employees who meet targets given to them as a measure to encourage everyone within the organization to go an extra mile to improve the company sales hence boosting revenue (Peter & David, 2014).
Marketing Operations
Netgear Company will resort both to internal and external marketing to promote products and increase its overall revenue. The main aim of marketing will be to get the customers to know about us and to gain their trust through providing quality services. Marketing activities will be done through TV advertisement and social media platform to ensure broad audience coverage. Those in the company front end will also be encouraged to speak freely with walk-in customers to tell others about Netgear product and services (Peter & David, 2014).
Action items
Action plans are processes carried out within or outside the organization to achieve set strategic goals. Netgear strategic goals are focused on revenue growth, increased sales and marketing activities. Action plans aim at getting customers to trust us more than our competition to ensure their continued support. Contracting an external company to brand our advertisement will be the next step in our action plan. Company employees will also be trained on our new marketing strategies to make them equipped with the knowledge to explain to customers about our new and improved products and services (Mandy, 2015).
Milestones
Milestones are objectives set by a business at a particular span of time assess its achievements. Milestones play a role in reducing investor risks regarding marketing activities, reward systems and time. Netgear corporation marketing segments will be for a span of six months at most depending on the amount to be used on a daily basis and the money quoted by the advertising company. However internal marketing will be carried out up to ten months. After all the general activities the company will then assess the impact of both internal and external marketing to determine if it was a success (Mbaidheen & Alawneh, 2017).
Task and Task ownership
Advertising Company will design the advert and to run it on TV and social media. Front end employees will be trained to equip them with skills that improve business sales. Those assigned with tasks will foresee that it’s complete as they are rewarded (George & Yimin, 2017).
Resource allocation
Netgear Corporation will allocate enough funds to meet its advertising needs and rewards for performing employees. Training of employees to give them required skills will be budgeted for.
Implementation
Successful implementation will be possible through following the set objectives and tactics. The plan will involve looking into the long term strategies and breaking them into manageable short-term goals, functional tactics, Marketing, outsourcing, setting policies and compensation. Following the plan of contracting an advertising company and training internal employees will increase our sales and ensure business growth (Mbaidheen & Alawneh, 2017).
The process of implementation
All the key employees will be engaged or included in the plan and the process of implementing change. Different employees will be assigned specific tasks to work on. They will provide their insights, their fears, challenges and concerns. The next step will be to communicate to them the strategic implementation that the company will be undertaking to make them understand and to feel to be part of the decision. The last step will be to implement the changes once everyone is on board. That is running the advert both with the advertising company and with the help of front end employees.
Risk Management
Netgear Corporation will select the best advertising agency to develop the advert that will ensure growth or increase our customers. Once the advert has been rolled out its impact will be analyzed based on growth of customers immediately and over a period of time. Three month into running the advert; it it’s not successful then the company will reconsider its other option of using internet advertisement.
The verification of strategy effectiveness will be analyzed based on response collected from customers. The marketing strategy will possibly work because of Netgear competitive advantage of having a global brand name which will trigger new customers and those already with us to start taking note of the company and plan to buy from us (Mbaidheen & Alawneh, 2017).
The plan, however, may face the challenge of not reaching a wider market during advertisement since the mediums used may not be effective. The risk will be avoided by contracting efficient advertising company even if we will spend more money. Employees may not be motivated, but we will reward them more to ensure their continued support in internal marketing (Mbaidheen & Alawneh, 2017).
Performance analysis chart for the period 2014-2019
The series 3 represents profit and loses posted; Series 2 represent Company spending while the first series represent growth in customer numbers. The growth in customer number will be high during the first year of implementing advertising activities however the trend will stabilize once all the potential list of clients has been reached hence there will be no big different in our client list over the years.
The company spending will be a bit high in the first two years from rolling out the strategy because it means more resources will be allocated than the normal budget. However, the situation will stabilize later and the budget will go a little bit down. The company during its first two year of implementing the strategy will get little returns in terms of profit but once the number of customers buying from us increases the company will post more profits over the year (Canadean Company Reports, 2013).
Financial position of Netgear
Year Ending Dec 2016
Year Ending Dec 2015
Year Ending Dec 2014
Year Ending Dec 2013
Assets
Cash and Equivalents
240.47M
181.94M
141.23M
143.01M
Receivables
313.84M
290.64M
275.69M
266.48M
Inventories
247.86M
213.12M
222.88M
224.46M
Total Current Assets
962.78M
821.14M
822.97M
800.11M
Property, Plant & Equipment, Gross
123.49M
126.54M
118.59M
98.94M
Accumulated Depreciation & Depletion
104.02M
104.15M
88.89M
71.75M
Property, Plant & Equipment, Net
19.47M
22.38M
29.69M
27.19M
Intangibles
37.90M
48.95M
66.23M
84.12M
Other Non-Current Assets
7.98M
7.93M
9.38M
26.59M
Total Non-Current Assets
221.67M
229.43M
225.72M
293.82M
Total Assets
1.18B
1.05B
1.05B
1.09B
Netgear Company has experienced increase in cash flow for the past four years. The subsequent increase is attributed to growth of its business right from increased number of client who subscribes to the company services. For example the company received 143.01 Million dollars in the year 2013 but the cash flow by the year 2016 has risen to reach 240.47 Million dollars. From the financial report Netgear is expected to post increased cash flow this year (Netgear, 2017).
Key Success factors, budget, forecasted financials and break even chart.
The company marketing estimates are 300, 000 thousand dollars for the nine months advertising period.
This excerpt taken from the NTGR 10-Q filed May 7, 2009
Break even chart
Sales and Marketing
Nine Months Ended
March 29, 2017
Percentage Change
November 30, 2017
(In thousands, except percentage data)
Sales and marketing expense
$
25,902
(21.6
%)
$
33,028
Percentage of net revenue
17.0
%
16.7
%
During the first month of implementing the strategy the company will use 25,902 dollars in its spending to get 17.0% net Revenue. In the following months the company will post an average of 21.6% net revenue while spending 33028 dollars monthly in sales and marketing.
References
Canadean Company Reports, (2013). NETGEAR Inc. – Company Capsule: Basingstoke. Dec 18, 2013.
George, G., Yimin, L., (2017). Innovation: Analytics, innovation, and organizational adaptation. Organization & Management; Abingdon19.1. pp. 16-22.
Mandy, L., (2015).Tackling uncertainties in plan implementation: lessons from a growth area inEngland. The Town Planning Review; Liverpool86.1.
Mbaidheen, M., Alawneh, A. R., (2017). Assessing the Risk of Corporate Strategic Change: TheDevelopment of a Framework to Assist the Risk Management Process Adapted By a Contracting Company. International Journal of Information, Business and Management; Chung-Li9.1. pp. 45-57.
Peter, W., David, B., (2014). Why, how and to what effect do firms deviate from their intendedmarketing plans? Towards a taxonomy of post plan improvisations. European Journal of Marketing; Bradford48.3/4. Pp. 453-476.
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There are two types of sampling; probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Of the two, probability sampling is the best, since there is a higher likelihood of obtaining a representative sample, and sampling error can be taken into account. In this report, we will discuss exclusively about quota sampling. This is a non-probability sampling. By definition, this is a sampling technique which aims at obtaining representative data from a sample.
Let start with the definition of some terms. Sample, is simple terms means a subsection, subgroup, or portion of the population. Sampling, is the process of acquiring a representative portion of population and population is the entire elements under investigation.
There are a number of reasons as to why investigators may opt to use a sample instead of the entire population, despite sampling error. First, it has an economical advantage since fewer resources are used than when a census is carried out (Levy & Lemeshow, 2013). The sampling has timelessness factor, where the information required can be obtained faster than when a complete enumeration of objects is carried out.
Further, the researcher sort to use sampling when the population has infinite and when some of the population units/objects are inaccessible. Lastly, but not least, when the assessment destructs the objects under investigation (Levy & Lemeshow, 2013). Not forgetting, that sometimes a carefully selected sample may represent the population well than a sloppy conducted census. That is, the sample will truly mirror the population from which it was drawn from (Hu et al., 2017).
Literature review
As stated earlier, quota sampling is a nonprobability sampling. A nonprobability sampling in accordance with (Trochim & Donnelly, 2014) is a technique that is based on the judgement of the researcher. The collected sample has the same proportion of the mother population with identical traits and the targeted phenomenon. More importantly, the final sample obtained should have the composition criteria of the quota set. Since this paper discusses one of the nonprobability sampling, it is imperative to highlight some principles of nonprobability sampling.
Principle of quota sampling
In this type of sampling, the quantity of each sampling is find out in advance, however investigators look to find in each quota. For each type, the quotas are of fixed numbers, which the investigators would like to add in the sample. Let consider an example in which an investigator would like to have a sample in which the proportion of each gender by different age levels are approximately the same and the sample size is 1000. Let the population proportion is given in Table 1 and the quota of individual type of sampling unit is the sample size multiplied by the population proportion and the results are shown in table 2. (Chang-Tai Chao)
Table 1 Population Proportion
Age
Gender
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-Above
Female
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.12
Male
0.10
0.08
0.1
0.11
0.09
Table 2 Quotas
Age
Gender
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-Above
Female
100
100
90
110
120
Male
100
80
100
110
90
Principles of nonprobability sampling.
Quota sampling falls under the class of non-probability sampling. Sampling involves the selection of a lot of the population being considered. In probability sampling each element in the population has a known nonzero chance of being selected through the utilization of an irregular determination system, for example, basic arbitrary testing. Non-probability examining does not include known nonzero probabilities of choice. (Paul J. Lavarakas) Or maybe, subjective techniques are utilized to choose which components ought to be incorporated into the specimen.
In non-likelihood inspecting the populace may not be very much characterized. Non-probability examining is frequently isolated into three classifications: purposive inspecting, comfort testing, and share examining. Share examining has a few similitudes to stratified inspecting. The essential thought of standard testing is to set an objective number of finished meetings with particular subgroups of the number of inhabitants in intrigue.
The testing strategy then continues utilizing a nonrandom choice component until the coveted number of finished meetings is acquired for every subgroup. A typical illustration is to set half of the meetings with guys and half with females in an irregular digit dialing phone talk with study. A specimen of phone numbers is discharged to the questioners for calling. Toward the begin of the overview, one grown-up is haphazardly chosen from a specimen family unit. It is by and large more hard to get interviews with guys.
So for instance, if the aggregate sought number of meetings is 1,000 (500 guys and 500 females), and meetings with 500 females are gotten before meetings with 500 guys, then no further meetings would be directed with females and just guys would be arbitrarily chosen and met until the objective of 500 guys is come to. Females in those specimen family units would have a zero likelihood of choice.
Additionally, on the grounds that the 500 female meetings were in all probability gotten at before call endeavors, before the example phone numbers were altogether worked by the questioners, females living in harder-to-achieve family units are more averse to be incorporated into the specimen of 500 females. Shares are frequently in light of more than one trademark. For instance, a standard specimen may have questioner appointed shares for age by sex by business status classes.
For a given example family unit the questioner may request the rarest gathering in the first place, and if an individual from that gathering is available in the family unit, that individual will be met. On the off chance that an individual from the rarest gathering is absent in the family, then a person in one of the other uncommon gatherings will be chosen. Once the quantities for the uncommon gatherings are filled, the questioner will move to filling the amounts for the more typical gatherings.
In that regard are both hypothetical and down to earth justification for using this kind of examining in research. In hypothetical reasons, this progress of information testing permits the utilization of subjective, blended research techniques and furthermore quantitative strategies. (Paul J. Lavarakas) By the time, when quantitative research is received, this inspecting procedure is oftentimes if not generally seen as sub-par compared to likelihood examining. This system helps in accomplishing objectivity of the specialist.
For instance, the analyst may utilize portion testing for intentionally protecting the incorporation of an uncommon segment of the populace. In any case, it ought to be specified that the fragment won’t not vary altogether contrast from the parent populace. The most common example of the limitation of this type of approach pre-election surveys to anticipate the consequences of the 1948 U.S. presidential decision. The field questioners were offered shares to fill in view of qualities, for example, age, sexual orientation, race, level of urban city, and financial status.
The questioners were sans then to fill the standards with no likelihood examining system set up. This subjective choice technique brought about an inclination for Republicans will probably be met inside the quantity bunches than Democrats. This brought about the example containing an excessive number of Republicans and bringing on the pre-race surveys to inaccurately foresee Thomas Dewey (the Republican applicant) as the victor.
Share inspecting is infrequently utilized as a part of conjunction with region likelihood testing of family units. Zone likelihood examining systems are utilized to choose essential testing units and fragments. For each specimen portion (e.g., city obstruct) the questioner is told to begin at a side of the section and continue around the fragment, reaching lodging units until a particular number of meetings are finished in the portion.
A noteworthy issue with quota sampling is the introduction of the unknown sampling biases estimates in survey. On account of the 1948 U.S. presidential decision, the testing inclination was related with an excessive number of Republicans being chosen. Another issue with quantity examining is that the inspecting technique regularly brings about a lower reaction rate than would be accomplished in a likelihood test.
Most amount tests quit endeavoring to finish interviews with dynamic example families once the standards have been met. In the event that a lot of test is dynamic at the time the amounts are shut, then the reaction rate will be low. (Paul J. Lavarakas)
However, some practical reasons of using quota sampling are that; this approach gives the investigator exploratory power to determine whether the problem exists when no theory exists that such problem exists. Therefore, the researcher may opt only to use sample that he/she thinks will portray the problem, which saves resources and time.
Ethical approach is important when deciding the sampling technique, as it may be unnecessary to subject fewer participants for an in-depth examination. Above all, it is imperative to determine whether quota sampling is a better sampling method to be used with the designed research strategy.
In accordance with (“Definition of ‘Quota Sampling’ – The Economic Times,” 2017) quota sampling is simple, yet effective approach a researcher can gather information in the initial phase of research. As earlier pointed out, quota sampling is ideal when the researcher wants to investigate whether a certain problem exists. As an example, there might be a notion that people in Iowa are against the death sentence.
A researcher may be interested in assessing the situation. However, the researcher may want to include people from Muslim religion. The researcher sets the minimum percentage of Muslims to be included in the sample, say 5%. Through this, the researcher is able to compare the views of people, including from the set quota.
Is quota sampling adequate method as an alternative to probability sampling?
A research was performed to assess whether quota sampling is an alternative to probability sampling (Yang & Banamah, 2014). Although probability sampling remains popular among many researchers and businesses. The research was driven by the fact that collecting data have become expensive and the response rate decreased.
Therefore, the researcher thought that quota sampling as a nonprobability sampling can be used as an alternative to probability sampling. The representativeness of quota sampling with probability sampling was compared as well as the assessment of the between the two sampling techniques using the survey topic and the response rate as factors (Yang, & Banamah, 2014).
It was established that the survey topic greatly influences the response rate, and response rate correlates with sample mean. Nonetheless, the researcher concluded these for that reason; quota sampling is not an alternative to probability sampling (Yang, & Banamah, 2014).
The researcher, in this case, first impose the restrictions or the limit number of subjects to include. That is the researcher set a quota of each category. This is done to ensure that the major population or characteristics are well represented (Sharan, 2009). For instance, it may be known that the number of female workers in a certain bank is 60% and 40% are males. The researcher may be interested in 100 sample people. Therefore, he samples 60 females and 40 males, and when 40 males are obtained, even if a potential and informed male come he will not sample them. This technique helps in limiting the researcher’s choices ((“Quota sampling – Research Methodology,” 2017))
In this case, the researcher in not limited in any way and thus selects the subjects as he/she wishes. This is considered as a sample of convenience, or simply it is less restrictive. The researcher just specifies the minimum number in each category, and one does not need to know the proportion. This sampling technique is more of a convenient sampling since the researcher can opt to use any number of participants so long as they meet the minimum requirements (“Quota sampling – Research Methodology,” 2017).
When to use quota sampling
There are scenario or situations that call for the researcher to use quota sampling technique. First, is when the researcher or the organization do not have sufficient time and resources to carry out stratified sampling. Therefore, due to effective and ease of conducting, the researcher uses this technique. Second, this sampling method is used when the accuracy of the information is not important.
For instance, when the researcher is conducting a pilot survey, or when there is no adequate information about the research topic. Also, when the researcher is just interested to study some subsections or subgroups, he sorts to use this nonprobability sampling. That is, when the interest is limited to certain traits, this method is ideal. If the main interest of the researcher is to determine the relationship between groups, then the ideal method is quota sample. Also, when the main aim is to compare the groups.
The sampling frame may be unavailable. Notably, mostly, if not all, of probability sampling, required. In the absence, of the list of all the subjects, the researcher uses this technique. That is, since the probability sampling the researcher should know the selection likelihood of each unit in the population. Lastly, the research accuracy is not important and also the results are not for generalization purposes.
Thus the researcher can use quota sampling technique. This method results should not be used for generalization purposes since the units selected may sometimes not truly represent the parent population. Therefore, the researcher can purposefully select quota sampling to investigate certain predefined traits.
Steps of creating quota sampling
There are three acceptable steps in creating quota sampling:
Categorize or stratify the population.
First, the researcher divides the population into mutually exclusive groups. For instance, a researcher can stratify by gender, race, ethnicity, career, courses taken, religion and so on.
Computing quota for each stratum.
The researcher needs to determine the number of subjects to be used in each category. As illustrated earlier, the proportion of each category can be determined depending on the population proportion. Also, the researcher may set purposively a quota to a sample that might have a small likelihood of being sampled (as discussed in the Muslims case). In some cases, the researcher may not involve proportions when he just selects conveniently.
Continue selecting subjects until quotas for each stratum are obtained.
The researcher continues with selection until the exactly required number is obtained. When the quota of one group is attained, the researcher does not select any other subject even if he obtains a viable sample. However, he/she continues to select items for the other groups that quota has not been attained.
Difference between quota sampling and stratified sampling
Notably, the two sampling techniques are different, although they might be confused. First, in quota sampling the individuals are not selected randomly, that is why it is a nonprobability sampling. The samples are selected based on the researchers’ convenience. On the other hand, the stratified sampling, subjects are randomly selected into the sample (Sharan, 2009).
All the units or subjects in the population have an equal likelihood of being included in the final sample. In quota sampling, there are no call-back for particular samples. This implies that when a subject is missed, the researcher goes on and uses the available subjects. On the other hand, STRICTLY, there is a call-back, since if there are no call-backs the sampling will not be different from quota sample (sample of convenience) (Sharan, 2009).
Last but not least, since quota sampling is based on the judgement of the researcher it is full of biased and the most common type is a non-sampling error. Stratified sampling is not subjected to biasedness since the elements are randomly selected the only common error is sampling error.
Advantages of quota sampling
This sampling technique is helpful when the researcher is unable to obtain a probability sample, but still, the researcher is aiming at obtaining a representative sample. This technique is adopted as a non-probability sampling that is closely equivalent to stratified sampling. Second, this technique is easier and quicker to carry, unlike probability sampling like stratified sampling (Trochim & Donnelly, 2014).
For this reason, this sampling method is adopted by masters’ students in dissertations where the target populations can be divided into categories. When quotas are used, they ensure that some groups are not overrepresented or other underrepresented. That is the main reason why in the computation of minimum units to be included from each category (quota) the population proportion is useful (Trochim & Donnelly, 2014).
A good example is as illustrated earlier, where a population consist 60% female and 40% male. These proportions were used in obtaining a sample of both categories, out of 100 sample required 60 females were selected, and 40 males were selected. Also, when quota sampling is used, there is stratification, which is ideal when the researcher wants to compare the two strata.
A good example is; in an organization, the researcher may select male and female and compares their average. The averages will determine which gender gets higher pay. Lastly, this sampling method is not dependent on the sampling frame. This implies that it can be used when a list of all subjects is absent, quota sampling can still be used. Therefore, it remains the most appropriate sampling technique when sampling frame is not there.
Disadvantages of quota sampling (limitation)
There are limitations of quota sampling. First, since the sample are not obtained through probabilistic means, it is impossible to estimate the sampling error. It is possible for subjects to be sampled based on the researcher’s convenience and resource usage consideration. This leads to sampling bias. Results from such data cannot be used for generalization purposes, or cannot be used in inferential statistics. In particular, the results are only recommended for the sample used and not the entire population.
Therefore, limiting generalization. Another limitation is that the population should be able to be dived into two distinct groups. Otherwise, the process of data collection will not be possible. As examples, indicated, the population should have mutually exclusive strata; like gender, male and female (if there are no transgender issues). When the sample requirements are required to be compared, more categories are added.
A good example is, when the researcher is interested in assessing how male and female supporting death sentence changes depending on the religious such as the Muslims and Christians. Notably, the subject should be in one stratum and here there are four criteria. Therefore, the researcher needs to collect data from “male Muslims,” “Female Muslims,” “male Christians” and “Female Christians.”
Evidently, more subjects need to be sampled, increasing the cost and time of carrying out the survey. Further, the researcher needs to understand the population well, so that he/she can make the right stratification, calculate quota, and lastly keep on sampling to meet the quota specifications. Without proper knowledge, one is not able to use quota sampling as he/she might to obtain a representative sample.
Although the sample obtained may be proportional to the population, some of the characteristics may not be disproportional. Incompetency of the researcher or lack of proper skills may increase the biasedness of the sample since the subjects’ collection is based on the researcher’s judgement (Sharan, 2009). Thus, is of great importance that before, using quota sampling researcher should have adequate skills to collect representative samples.
Conclusion
There are a number of important aspects of quota sampling highlighted in this paper. For instance, it has been indicated that this technique is a non-probability sampling, where the selected samples represent certain characteristics. Two types of quota sampling; controlled and uncontrolled sampling were also adequately discussed. When this sampling method should be used was also highlighted among another important aspect. As highlighted, the three steps are used in designing data collection using quota sampling method.
There are important factors that have been pointed out, in the literature of this paper, such as; the question whether quota sampling is a good alternative to probability sampling. Based, in the previous study by prominent scholars, it was established that this method is not is not an alternative to probability sampling.
A clarification was made on the underlying difference between stratified sampling, despite the two having some similarities like stratifying the population into mutually exclusive first. To support some claims or issues brought forward, different examples were given designed to clarify, how the quota sampling will work.
Some of the reasons for using quota sampling brought forward include, the researcher only selecting groups that only interests him. Investigate some traits or characteristics that have not been investigated before, or there is no preexisting literature and when the researcher is interested in comparing the groups of interest.
Despite this being a nonprobability sampling, it has proven to be helpful, especially when the sampling frame is absent. That is, all probability sampling techniques are dependent on the availability of the list of all population subjects. Therefore, the only option is resorting nonprobability sampling. This is also the ideal method when the researcher has less time and limited resources, as it is considered an alternative to stratified sampling.
It is advisable to use this method when the researcher has a deep understanding of the steps and process of data collection. Also, the researcher should avoid so much biasedness so that he can have a representative sample. Lastly, the findings obtained using data obtained via this technique should not be used for inferential purposes; rather they should make conclusion about the sample used.
References
Chang-Tai Chao, “Quota Sampling” (Incomplete information provided about the journal paper)
Hu, X. F., Young, K., & Chan, H. M. (2017). Background Bivariate random-effects models represent a widely accepted and recommended approach for meta-analysis of test accuracy studies. Standard likelihood methods routinely used for inference are prone to several drawbacks. Small sample size can give rise to unreliable inferential conclusions and convergence issues make the approach unappealing. This paper suggests a different methodology to… BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17(1), 1-12. https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.springer-a4c4ef0e-2be0-30d3-9d87-a2c2297724c4
Yang, K., & Banamah, A. (2014). Quota sampling as an alternative to probability sampling? An experimental study. Sociological Research Online, 19(1), 29. doi: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/19/1/29.html
Paul J. Lavarakas, “Encyclopedia of Survey Research methods,” Volume 1 & 2
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