admin – Page 75 – Best Essay Writers

Innovative Capabilities Research Paper

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Innovative Capabilities

City, State

Globalization has led to expanded markets for business enterprises. However, the level of competition has increased making it challenging for the organization to exist in the market without developing strategies to gain competitive advantage (Rothaermel, 2015). Innovation is among the important aspects that enable a company to develop superior products and services thus creating a competitive advantage.

Innovative capabilities is developed through the creation of enabling environment for innovation development based on culture development, availing of resources, competencies and use of inter-organization networks to build an innovative organization (Thompson et al., 2013).

Innovation is creation of customer values by coming up with new ways of doing things to meet new, undefined or existing market demands in unique ways. Innovation may result in the development of new or more effective merchandise, services, processes, ideas or technologies that are made available to different stakeholders.

Competitive advantage refers to the advantage a company has over other key players in the industry. Competitive advantage leads to the generation of greater sales or more customers compared to the firm’s competitors. A competitive advantage comes from the firm’s cost structure, good customer support, distribution networks, and product offerings among others (Schilke, 2014).

It is hard for competitors to neutralize competitive advantage if such advantage is sustainable. Competitive advantage can either be a comparative or differential advantage. Comparative advantage occurs when a firm can produce a product or services at a lower cost as compared to its competitors. In so doing the firm will be able to sell the product at a low price. These way customers will tend to purchase such price thus creating a larger margin on sales.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Innovation Capabilities

Innovation is a critical aspect that leads to the creation of sustainable competitive advantages (Johnson et al., 2013). Innovation enables all the stakeholders to see things from a new angle, take risks, seeing the bigger picture and become more flexible. Therefore, management should develop an enabling environment necessary for innovation to take place. Innovation necessitates that organization should address four key innovation capabilities; technology development, operations, management and transaction capabilities. These capabilities enable a firm to achieve what is termed as Schumpeterian profits.

A firm is viewed as a hub for resources and utilized to produce products through the price mechanism. Different firms produce such products and services through different processes. Based on coordination based approach to firm development, a firm is considered to be an agent of planning and coordination of production and transaction process through the administration of a manager (Lew & Sinkovics, 2013). The management key role is to organize and allocate resources to achieve efficiency and growth.

On the other hand, capabilities approach to firm development describes things that a firm can do, and how a firm seeks to change and innovation to gain business sustainability. According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur is a change agent and success of a firm is through utilization of different sources of knowledge used in business enterprises so as to deliver goods and services (As cited Camisón & Monfort-Mir, 2012). These goals are attained by utilizing the firm’s capabilities to develop new products and manufacture them for commercial purposes.

Each organization is built based on technological synthesis that enables a firm to build business relations. An organization depends on technological and business driver to be in a position to produce a good and transact in the market. A technological driver refers to those aspects that enable an organization to develop a new product and their consequent production (Camisón, C., & Villar-López, 2014). The technological driver is dependent upon operations and development capability. Organizations that can develop and sustain these capabilities can gain competitive advantages.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

On the other hand, the business driver enables a firm to integrate the different parts of the firm and move the produced goods from the firm to the market for transaction purpose. It is through management capability that a firm can achieve integration of different parts of the company (Kindström et al., 2013). The firm depends on the four innovation capabilities to become innovative and gain competitive advantage.

Development Capability (DC), this type of capability, encompasses of creating a new product, service, or solution to be offered for sale on the market (Alegre et al., 2013). Development capabilities assist in the technological development process and encompass the conscious application of knowledge to solve different problems in the market. Technological capabilities help create, adapt and develop new technologies that give a firm competitive advantage. Examples of technological resources include patents, licenses, knowledge, and skilled manpower among others.

Operations Capability

Coming up with new innovative products are key practices a firm should do from time to time to survive in the market. Nevertheless, it is required that a firm turns the technological outcome of innovation into a set of operation so as to produce goods to be sold in the market. All these is attained by means of operations capabilities (OC).

Operation capabilities refer to a firm’s ability to come up with products that are of high quality and reliable at a competitive cost (Williamson et al., 2013). Operation capabilities give decisions on production, planning, and control. Some of the aspects of quality include quality, efficiency, cost, delivery, flexibility, and responsibility.

Development capacity area of concern is changing technologies. On the other hand, operation capacity focuses on routines, efficiency, stability and standardization. The aspects of Operation capacity mainly focus on features that are necessary to manufacture a product. Operation capability is very important for generating technical change.

Management Capability

Apart from operation capacity and development capacity, a firm requires a set of skills to enable it to integrate all internal capabilities in an efficient manner. It is through management capability that a firm is able to plan, manage and coordinate business activities to attain efficiency and growth. Management Capability assists a firm to efficiently coordinate and integrate different activities within the organization resulting in economies of scale and scope requisite for a firm to compete in the market.

Managerial Capabilities are borne out of human capital, as well as cognitive and social management (Verganti, 2013). Managers are able to develop, integrate and engineer both tangible and intangible resources to gain competitive advantage. Management requires a lot of abilities and leadership skills in order to apply in problem-solving.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Transaction Capabilities

Transaction capabilities feature the firm’s set routines, knowledge, and abilities that a company comes up with the aim of reducing marketing cost, logistics, distribution, and trading among others. Transaction cost acts as a bridge between the firm and its external environment (Wang & Wang, 2012). Transaction capability is important for analyzing the market for new opportunities, and changes in order to offer products that satisfy customer needs and expectation.

Transaction capability enables a firm to understand demands for customers and transact at the lowest possible cost. On the same note, the firm will be able to come up with new products and services that are economically feasible.

How innovative capabilities are developed

There are many ways a corporation can create innovative capacity. An organization can either improve on its technological drivers or business drivers to attain the much desired competitive advantage through the creation of innovative goods and services.

Training and development: Organizations create an innovative and dynamic environment by training and talent development of its employees. When employees are hired, they go through rigorous training aimed at imparting the necessary skills for the employee to perform duties efficiently. The management should also identify and retain skilled workers who are innovative and perform their duties exceptionally (Li & Liu, 2014). Training and employee development help to create competencies which are responsible for quite some new goods and services that a firm develops to sell in the market.

Acquisitions: Organizations can also create innovative capability through acquisition. Firms may decide to use acquisition instead of developing innovative capabilities from scratch. Through the acquisition, a company is able to own the rights and all the resources, technology, employees and market position belonging to the acquired company. If the acquired firm is bestowed with processes and values that are a source of competitive advantage, the acquiring firms should not integrate the company into the new parent firm because it may lose these processes and values.

Instead, the acquiring firm should rather let the business exist on its own but instead, provide additional information to the acquired firm and to take advantage of the acquired company’s processes and values (Reed et al., 2012). However, if the goal were to acquire the firm’s resources, then it should be integrated with the parent firm. This implies that the acquired employees, products, services, customers, and technology be integrated into the parent’s existing innovative capabilities.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Creating New Capabilities Internally

Firms can also develop new capabilities within the firm’s different units. Firms can develop new capabilities by changing organization processes, look for individuals with new skills. Raise capitals, develop organization brand and licensing the technology to create innovative capabilities and sustained competitive advantage.

However, creating change within the organization may be hard. There are organization boundaries that may hinder the creation of new processes. However, managers should come up with ways to address different challenges and develop new team boundaries that facilitate implementation of new work patterns and new capabilities requisite to transform raw materials into finished products.

Creation of innovation capabilities through Spin-Out process

Organization will be able to create new capabilities by looking at the current trends and adopt new technology in the production (Davenport, 2013). This can be achieved by spawning capabilities within spin-out ventures. Rarely do large firms whose cost structured is developed in such a way to compete in high-end markets work well in the low-end market. Such firms should develop a cost structure that is competitive and profitable.

The spin-out operation is necessary when the current size of the new opportunity is small compared to the growth demand of the mainstream firm. The firm should run the old business strategy while looking out for new value-based business processes

Ways in which Competitive Advantage can be constructed through building capabilities

Sustainable competitive advantage is becoming more dynamic because of globalization and increased competition. In the past, competitive advantage was created through strategic positioning, first-order capabilities, production scale and delivery and customer care (Wang & Wang, 2012). These factors are still important today. However, these factors alone are not able to provide sustainable competitive advantage.

Thus, things have changed, and organizations are constantly looking for new organizational capabilities that can result in rapid adaptation to new changes. Firms are required to be good at learning how to do new things in a better and innovative manner. Organizations with sustainable competitive advantage are able to act quickly to change. Such organizations engage in Research & Development and have learned how to experiment faster, economically and frequently (Davenport, 2013). Such firms research not only on the production of goods and services but also on strategies, processes and business models.

A good example of an organization that is able to read and act quickly based on signals is Google Company. This company is able to do dynamic research on the changes in the external environment. On the same note, the firm can rapidly act on the information to re-invent its business model and produce information that is necessary to meet customer demands.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Organization capabilities enable a firm to create new and innovative products that give them a competitive advantage over its competitors. For example, Apple Incorporation can constantly develop revolutionary smartphones through innovation and resource capability. Apple Inc. possesses unique resources and human capital and other technological drivers that enable them to develop unique products that suit customer needs. The firm also engages in extensive research and development as well as consumer analysis to spot trends and provide goods that suit customer needs and demands.

Innovation capabilities also enable a firm to produce products at a lower production cost and thus create a competitive advantage (Reed et al., 2012). Innovation capabilities enable a firm to develop new ways of production that are efficient and cost effective. Through innovation capabilities, firms are able to reduce production cost significantly.

This way, the firm will able to sell it products and services at a lower cost compared to other competitors and thus able to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Another example of a firm that has gained a sustainable competitive advantage through low pricing is Wal-Mart. Through innovation capabilities, Wal-Mart is able to utilize strong pricing strategy to gain competitive advantage

Similarly, innovation capabilities enable a firm to develop unique processes that cannot be easily imitated by other competitors (Alegre et al., 2013). A good example is Coca-Cola company sustained competitive advantage. Coca-Cola Company can gain a sustained competitive advantage because of the unique formula for creating cola products. All of its competitors are not able to copy or use this formula in creating their products, therefore, giving Coca-Cola a competitive edge over other key players in the drinks and refreshments industry.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Innovation capabilities also enable a firm to create superior database management and data processing capabilities and thus creating sustainable competitive advantage. A good example is Google Inc. The firm possesses superior data analysis, processing, and management making the company market leader.

Innovation capabilities also enable a firm to develop strategic assets such as patents that lead to sustained competitive advantage (Johnson et al., 2013). Such assets are not easily acquired because they are protected by patents and other legal rights. A good example of a firm that is able to obtain sustained competitive advantage is General Electric. The company has several patents that help to protect its strategic assets making the firm very powerful.

Creation of Brand Value: innovative capabilities enable a firm to create brand equity. Brand equity enables a brand to gain customers because of its reputation for producing products that are unique, innovative and easily recognized in the market. Examples of companies that are able to gain brand equity include Coca-Cola and Apple. Coca-Cola company products are well known all over the world. People prefer taking Coca-Cola drinks more than Pepsi and other brands of Soda.

In conclusion, innovation is very important for a firm’s business success and sustainable competitive advantages. Therefore, business organizations should focus on developing innovative capabilities that add to the firm’s innovation performance. These capabilities include development capabilities, operations capabilities, management capabilities and transaction capabilities. By developing these different aspects of innovative capabilities, a firm is able to create sustained competitive advantage through the development of new products, strategic assets, f brand equity, and superior database management among others.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Bibliography

Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A. J., & Jain, A. K. (2013). Crafting & Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education.

Schilke, O. (2014). On the contingent value of dynamic capabilities for competitive advantage: The nonlinear moderating effect of environmental dynamism. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2), 179-203.

Rothaermel, F. T. (2015). Strategic management. McGraw-Hill.

Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D., & RegnŽr, P. (2013).Exploring strategy text & cases. Pearson Higher Ed.

Lew, Y. K., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2013). Crossing borders and industry sectors: behavioral governance in strategic alliances and product innovation for competitive advantage. Long Range Planning, 46(1), 13-38.

Camisón, C., & Villar-López, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2891-2902.

Kindström, D., Kowalkowski, C., & Sandberg, E. (2013). Enabling service innovation: A dynamic capabilities approach. Journal of business research,66(8), 1063-1073.

Alegre, J., Sengupta, K., & Lapiedra, R. (2013). Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), 454-470.

Williamson, P. J., Ramamurti, R., Fleury, A., & Fleury, M. T. L. (Eds.). (2013). The competitive advantage of emerging market multinationals. Cambridge University Press.

Verganti, R. (2013). Design driven innovation: changing the rules of competition by radically innovating what things mean. Harvard Business Press.

Wang, Z., & Wang, N. (2012). Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance. Expert systems with applications, 39(10), 8899-8908.

Camisón, C., & Monfort-Mir, V. M. (2012). Measuring innovation in tourism from the Schumpeterian and the dynamic-capabilities perspectives. Tourism management, 33(4), 776-789.

Li, D. Y., & Liu, J. (2014). Dynamic capabilities, environmental dynamism, and competitive advantage: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Research, 67(1), 2793-2799.

Reed, R., Storrud-Barnes, S., & Jessup, L. (2012). How open innovation affects the drivers of competitive advantage: Trading the benefits of IP creation and ownership for free invention. Management Decision, 50(1), 58-73.

Davenport, T. H. (2013). Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Effective communication

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Effective communication

A lot of people conversation are in written, oral form. Professionally is needed to have effective communication, especially on important matters. Techniques in communications for effective interactions in organization have valued so that to meet core objectives.

First its need a subject, which the statement of purpose is there.Its rather to say what thing to be achieve and to get goal on it. It does not need to be very detailed only shows how demonstrate the success of work. Then get some support key of ideas that gives a detail what should be notice on main keypoints .List of techniques like strength and weakness should be there. And it involves the current situation around, For example The PEST ,Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, that can be affect in your priorities with i the subject matters.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

When you writing the subject in specific areas, A question must be clear if that is behind or familiar on organization’s objectives. This includes the service you might to be in action inline with the needs and principle of organization, which an important factor that has a vision to be success.

Communication has ready to be in broad audience. This has to be include more key points in detailing what the subject is. Most of the time its need a research for doing who would be the audience and what type of audience is it. Facts and creative style of key word is useful like using some paragraph style format of Introduction, body and conclusion. Detailed must be in body and this includes key word for easy understand on audience.

Lot of techniques can be use in order to make a effective communication. And most important in start is formulate a subject because its hows the people to know its object importance.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Witnesses in the Criminal Justice System

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Witnesses in the Criminal Justice System

Witnesses play a vital role in criminal cases as they narrate to the jury of the matters they know. In our constitution, they are required to make an oath that they are telling the truth (Kenny, 2014). The number of witnesses needed is at least two, but if one witness is comprehensive enough and prove beyond reasonable doubt, then their case can be taken. The bible does not support the use of one witness as indicated in 2 Corinthians 13:1 “This will be my third visit to you.

Every matter must be established by the testimony of two to three witnesses.” This is further supported by Hebrews 10:28 and Numbers 35:30, which states that one witness is not sufficient to convict a person- a leaf that the state and federal may need to borrow from the bible (Burnside, 2011).

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

The issue of cross examination is vital in each case proceeding. The scriptures Proverbs 18:13 and Proverbs 18:18 support this concept as it argues that a person that makes decisions before hearing and examining it will result to folly and shame. Cross examination of a case is supported by the constitutions, where each case presented, witnesses and evidences are cross examined before a judgement is made. This is important as it helps prevent biased judgement (Burnside, 2011).

The physical evidence is also relied upon in our new system. This could be any material that reflects that the accused actually committed the crime. This is especially for capital cases as emphasised in the scriptures. For example, Deuteronomy 17:6-7 and Numbers 5:11-31, which indicates that whatever the cases, it must be related to the evidence which will ensure that execution is not done executed (Kenny, 2014).

References

Burnside, J. (2011). God, justice, and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kenny, P. (2014). Sustainability of Restorative Justice. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Impression of nursing informatics

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Impression of nursing informatics

1. Discuss and describe your impression of nursing informatics (medical or generic informatics and nursing informatics) before entering this class.

My nursing practice has mainly focused in family based patient care. This is a complex activity as one has to find the adequate support that will ensure that the extended care team is involved adequately in addressing the patient needs. For this reason, I have always understood the importance of informatics in healthcare.

Through this course, I have just realised that I have been applying the concept of healthcare informatics as blanket to cover all the informatics within the healthcare system. As a family nurse, I have experiences or at least interacted with healthcare systems such as registration processes of the patient, laboratory systems, pharmacy systems, and billing systems (Matney et al., 2012).

2. Compare (also describe and discuss) how your Impression of nursing informatics is to your impression now (after entering the class, completing the readings and the lesson).

There is a thin line between nursing informatics and healthcare informatics. From this discussion, I have learnt that the two are completely different aspects of informatics. For instance; healthcare informatics is business focused, which focuses in improving and complying with regulations of healthcare facility finances. Therefore, the sole aim of integrating information technology is aimed at improving the organizational operation and the staffing demands.

On the other hand, nursing informatics is patient focused, and relies in gathering, identification and management of data through information technology to improve patient safety and clinical outcomes. Understanding the differences is important to enable nurses understand the standards and scope of practice in nursing informatics, which is often confused by many (including me) with healthcare informatics (Jonh et al., 2012).

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

3. Discuss and describe how/why your change in impression came about (this part should be cited appropriately, and probably fairly heavily, as you are showing/proving/demonstrating how your impression changed).

Therefore, through this lesson, it has become crystal clear to me the effectiveness of the nursing informatics in healthcare as it facilitates the standardization and simplification of processes, enhancing the nurse work flow efficiently (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015). For instance, there is this one time I was handling a geriatric patient, and the patient medication was not clearly indicated in her data sheet.

Fortunately, our healthcare facility had just implemented the barcode medication administration systems (BMAS); and through this, I was able to obtain the standard medication that was appropriate- otherwise would have been a potential source of medication error (Jonh et al., 2012). From this, I understood that these systems are vital in ensuring patient safety and patient outcome.

Through the exploration of nursing informatics concepts, the emergence of the information system, its role in safety science and patient improvement in healthcare has shaped and had a significant impact in enhancing my core values within this professional. In my career prospects, I will specifically seek to deepen my capacity as a nurse to improve nursing profession through the domain of informatics (Matney et al., 2012).

Impression of nursing informatics

References

Johnson, J. E., Veneziano, T., Malast, T., Mastro, K., Moran, A., Mulligan, L., & Smith, A. L. (2012). Nursing’s future: What’s the message? Nursing Management, 43(7), 36?41. doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000415493.20578.f2

Matney, S., Brewster, P. J., Sward, K. A.,Cloyes, K. G., & Staggers, N. (2011). Philosophical approaches to the nursing informatics data-information-knowledge-wisdom framework. Advances in Nursing Science, 34(1), 6?18.

McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Heart Disease Annotated Bibliography

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Heart Disease Annotated Bibliography

Anand, S.S., Islam , S., and Rosengreen, A., (2008). Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men : insights from the interheart study. European heart journal . 29 (7), 932-940.

The article is about Coronary heart disease (CHD) which has been described as being amongst the leading cause of death amongst adults worldwide. Women have been found to be developing CHD about ten years after it has developed in men, but there are no clear reasons why this is so. The authors aimed at establishing if disparities in the distribution of risk factors are found amongst men and women across various categories of ages in order to assist in explaining the reasons for women developing acute MI several years after men have developed it.

The authors found out that on average most women develop their initial acute MI at least 9 years after men have developed it. There were nine variable risk factors that were found to be critically related to acute MI in both genders. This was used in explaining more than 90% of the PAR. There are disparities in age if the initial MI is narrated by the high degree of risk factors in men and young ages in comparison to women. Compared to other articles this article was more informative in nature for it explained the reasons for lower incidents of CHD in women before the age of 50 years.

It also explained that after this age CHD tends to increase with strategies that are usually seen in men in the eighth decade. However, as much as the Framingham study defined risk factors that impact CHD in women it was limited to only White Caucasians residing in America. It was thus not able to explain the future age of the initial occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) amongst women in relation to men. This source was thus very useful.

Heart Disease Annotated Bibliography

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Bray G.A. (2013) Risks of obesity. Endocrinology Metabolism Clinics of North America, 32 (4), 787-804.

According to the authors of this article even though obesity leads to an increase of lots of chronic diseases it is not all obese people that develop these diseases. In the recent past a subset of individuals who were obese got free of chronic diseases. The metabolic problems that have been perceived as the causes of these diseases were pointed out in the research literature.

The population is typified by intense insulin sensitivity, ordinary blood pressure and good levels of cholesterol in spite of excess adiposity. It is now referred to as metabolic health obese. The authors indicate that there has been a rapid interest to point out fresh insights in the processes of chronic diseases. The objective of this article is thus to translate outcomes into treatment alternatives.

The disparity it has with other articles on this subject matter is the fact that it does not make a clear indication of whether Individuals that are MHO have been protected from the chronic diseases adverse effects as well as the mortality characteristic of obesity. Numerous longitudinal studies on the development of chronic diseases in MHO individuals have not exhibited any increased risk of the disease.

For instance St Pierra et al. followed 1800 men from Canada for a decade and a half and found that they were not at risk of heart diseases because they had MHO.A number of findings portray protection while other researchers have found out that MHO represents an impediment in the progression of diseases in subpopulations. Answers to these queries would provide critical implications for the policy on public health; however there is a lot of equivocalness in the existing literature. In spite of these findings the article was very useful.

Harris, T.B. (2007), carrying the burden of Cardiovascular risk in old age: Associations of weight and weight change with prevalent cardiovascular disease, risk factors and health status in the cardiovascular study. American journal of clinical Nutrition, 66 (3), 837-844.

As obesity and overweight rates rapidly increase in the US and globally the disease burden is becoming considerable and is likely to decrease life expectancy. As much as obesity has rapidly been related to augmented risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) few research studies have assessed whether the deliberation of permanent change in BMI could offer extra information on CVD prediction. Previous observational studies support the notion that the lowest CVD risk could be amongst those that have a stable weight.

The loss and gain of weight are related to poorer status of health and an increased rate of CVD mortality. In the assessment of BMI change there is a need for observational studies to be cautious so as to reduce confounding factors for instance likely underlying malignancy, smoking status and physical activity. The aim of this study was to employ potential data from a wide cohort with permanent follow up to effectively comprehend how BMI change is related to CVD risk.

It also aims at finding out if the BMI trajectory consideration can add analytical information beyond the existing BMI knowledge. The study thus assessed how BMI change in the past eight years was related to the main CVD events risk amongst 13,000 healthy men for 13 years. A rising and higher BMI were related to an increased CVD risk, however, increased BMI did not increase analytical information upon considering the existing BMI. Contrastingly, a decline in BMI was linked to an augmented CVD risk that was autonomous of the existing BMI. The article was thus very useful.

Heart Disease Annotated Bibliography

Bibliography

Anand, S.S., Islam , S., and Rosengreen, A., (2008). Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men : insights from the interheart study. European heart journal . 29 (7), 932-940.

Bray G.A. (2013) Risks of obesity. Endocrinology Metabolism Clinics of North America, 32 (4), 787-804.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

The Four Freedoms

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

The Four Freedoms

Introduction

In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the sitting at congress with the aim of moving the nation from the foreign policies of neutrality. The president had seen the many in which anxiety was increasing as the European nations struggled and feel into Hitler’s fascist regime and was committed to having the publics support to for America to rake a stronger stance on this (Borgwardt & Elizabeth. pp. 12).

In the address that was directed to the 77^th Congress, Roosevelt clearly depicts that there was a need for the development of actions and policies that would meet the foreign perils considering the fact that the domestic problems had turned out to be of greater emergency to the state of the nation.

Roosevelt therefore insisted that the people of the world should share the American entitlement for the development of four freedoms (Borgwardt & Elizabeth. pp. 12). These freedoms included that of speech and expression, the freedom from fear and freedom from want the freedom to worship God in their own ways. This paper therefore seeks to establish the manner in which these freedoms can be applied in the context of the book Give Me Liberty (V2) by Foner.

Application of the Four Freedoms

It is essential to establish the fact that Franklin Roosevelt was elected as the president for unprecedented term since during that period the world faced several challenges such as instabilities and uncertainties. Much of Europe according to Borgwardt & Elizabethhad typically fallen to the German Army that was advancing with Great Britain failing to hold its own.

The Americans therefore remained committed to isolationism with the belief that this nation should avoid wars(pp. 12). However, President Roosevelt had a clear understanding of the British need to gain support from America and tried to convince the Americans to consider the weight of the situation.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

In weighing the FDR’s Four Freedoms in light of the book “Give me Liberty” it is essential to consider that the narrative developed by Eric Foner gives a picture of how events unfolded during this period by striking a balance between the social and political history thus drawing attention to the political powers that impacted social events (Erick Foner .pp. 479). The narrative therefore remains enriched through a theme that centralized on the American freedom, the change of meanings, its limits and promises including the efforts that were employed to achieve these freedoms.

Freedom therefore remains one of the basic elements that is echoed in the narrative and that stands at the core of the American history and that integrates the social and political histories. Each freedom therefore remains universalized and is followed by a common refrain. It is not only enough to have freedom at home considering the fact that freedoms of expression remain real and are morally needed to be enjoyed by everyone (Erick Foner .pp. 479). Roosevelts approach in this is therefore determined in developing a universal obligation that covers the human rights everywhere in the world.

On the other hand, the author also takes a closer look at the history of American religion by tracing the religious liberties and the boundaries between the government and religion and gives a depiction of the illuminate periods where religion intersected the broader historical events. In using the freedom of worship,

Roosevelt therefore advocates for faith, secular tradition, and spirituality that individuals belong to; and urges the need to motivate good deeds that is blended with tolerance for others (Erick Foner .pp. 479). This therefore gives a clear picture on the manner in which a reminiscent community could be built that champion the diversity of people and the diversity of their ideas.

It is therefore essential to consider the fact that the intellectual and spiritual freedoms are incorporated with material relief. The FDR’s freedom from want clearly indicates the need for economic security that is blended with a healthy peacetime. This is evident in the Fone’s narrative that saw the society fight against the global threats that were posted on the health of the society.

In using the freedom of want, it is therefore essential to show generosity to the others through different practices that helps in solving the social problems that the society is facing such as poverty (Rossiter & Clinton. pp. 243). Lastly, in understand the sources of fear, there is a need to focus on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that needs to be achieved in order to make the world a safe environment.

Conclusion

President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the sitting at congress with the aim of moving the nation from the foreign policies of neutrality. Roosevelt therefore insisted that the people of the world should share the American entitlement for the development of four freedoms (Borgwardt & Elizabeth. pp. 12). These freedoms included that of speech and expression, the freedom from fear and freedom from want the freedom to worship God in their own ways.

Works Cited

Erick Foner. “Give me Liberty.” American Historical Review 116.5 (2011): 479-480. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2016.

Rossiter, Clinton. “War, Depression, and the Presidency, 1933-50.” Social Research 82.1 (2015): 219-243. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2016.

Borgwardt, Elizabeth. “FDR’s Four Freedoms as a Human Rights Instrument.” OAH Magazine of History 22.2 (2008): 8-13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Feb. 2016.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Allergic Rhinitis: Patient History

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Allergic Rhinitis: Patient History

The possible disease in regard to the client’s history

Donna’s symptoms suggest allergic rhinitis and a possible an allergic contact dermatitis. Donna complains of tenderness over maxillary sinuses and nares which are in conjunction with red, and with boggy moist mucosa and one-medium sized polyp on each side. All these symptoms suggest rhinitis, and an inflammation of the mucous membranes taking place in the nose (McCance & Heuther, 2014).

Other effects of allergens include the reddened clear and slightly swollen eyes with tearing that Donna presents with. Taking into consideration that Donna’s flaking erythematous rash is noted only on the flexor surfaces her arms, is it likely to be caused by direct contact with an allergen. A postponed sort IV extreme touchiness response Allergic contact dermatitis is and is appears localized, as opposed to widespread like atopic dermatitis (McCance & Heuther, 2014).

Questions pertaining to both personal and family history include:

Any history of pet, seasonal, or environmental allergies?
Any history of respiratory issues?
Any history of asthma or asthmatic bronchitis?
Do these symptoms present around the same time each year?
Have you noticed an irritant that causes these symptoms to flare up?

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Evidence suggesting that Donna doesn’t have an acute severe infection

Donna’s vital signs within normal limits, which shows hemodynamic stability; her lungs are clear to auscultation; and her postnasal drainage is clear. The presence of this evidence is not suggestive of an acute severe infection.

Type of hypersensitivity reaction involved in Donna due to her allergic Rhinitis

As described in McCance and Huether (2014, p.56), allergic rhinitis is caused by inhalants such as dust, pollen, and mold. This is classified as a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. The most common allergies are type I reactions, which happen as a response to an exposure to an environmental antigen (McCance & Huether, 2014).

Reference

McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2014). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7th Edition

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

America, The World Police

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

America, The World Police

The world has turned out to be a global drama where different countries come to interact with each other. This feature is clearly evident from the American kind of leadership where the politics is military: “The Policemen of the World.” Putting in mind incidences like gulf war of 1990 and the cold war of 1945-1991; it is not that deep that these kinds of actions are essentially justified; however, it is because of the dynamic issues which have been taking place for the last few years. These are things that cause chaos.

To begin with, America attained its independence many years ago and through many geo-political activities which appointed them as the World Police. World Police involved many activities, for example, American is well-recognized nation with a sizable navy which protects the ships in any international forms of piracy. Also, it is fought to slow communism from spreading out. Finally, due to US economic interest, it struggles to fights the drug cartels in different parts of the world, South African being among them (Rosenberg, & Guillermo, 2007).

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

The above points are evident from the life situation which came about in the aftermath of World War 2. In this case, America had turned out to be a world power just after the Battle of New Orleans which took place 1812; however, it did not become the superpower until Second World War (Hickey, 2015).

This is also evident from the infrastructural damages that were caused by the war. It shows that America had a strong military that could not be worn. As a result, it gained a lot of goodwill and power after restructuring Europe through the Marshal plan. These factors therefore are what put Americans in the position they are at present.

References

Hickey, D. R. (2015). Glorious victory: Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New Orleans. JHU Press.

Rosenberg, M., & Guillermo, S. R. (2007). The United States and the Central America: Geopolitical realities and the regional fragility. New York City: Routledge.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Patient Home Visit: Case Study

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Patient Home Visit: Case Study

The major problems that can be identified from the patient home visit it is the social alienation of the patient, she is psychologically disturbed and with the lack of appetite the medicine will not be effective enough. She misses her husband a factor that increases the pain and the suffering that she is undergoing. She, however, points out that he used to smoke so often a factor that may be led to the condition that she is undergoing.

The discharge instructions have not been followed to the letter. There is no oxygen supply at the homestead since this was one of the discharging factors that would assist her to recover much faster at home. Lack of family to offer support also affects how the patient will cope with the ailment. The medications were not filled in time because her daughter works full time and she also has her issues to deal with.

For the betterment of the patient, it is vital that some questions should be addressed to improve the health of the patient. The nurses should be aware of all the medicines that the patient should be taking at a given time. As evidenced, the patient mentioned that a nurse who has visited earlier didn’t assess the medications that were not available.

Better and proper education should also be provided to the patient so that she can understand why some things are mandatory. Regarding the supply of oxygen in the house, she should be aware that the requirement is necessary, and it should be fixed immediately.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Since the patient doesn’t have any family support, she should regularly be visited, or a nurse should permanently be at her home to guide her in the healing process. Psychologically, she should be involved in other activities that would make her concentrate on her health other than being psychologically being affected by those that she misses. The patient will be better if exercise is introduced into her life. Exercising rejuvenates an individual’s body energy, and this makes blood circulation to be efficient, and this will work well with the heart condition that she has.

Therapy and a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to the older people with heart conditions must be followed to the letter. It has been evidenced how effective the nurse visits have helped such kind of patients to cope with their conditions. Follow-ups by doctors and nurses are recommended, but they should be regular so that better techniques will be availed that will be used to improve the patient’s survival (Koelling et al. 2005)

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here

Patient Home Visit: Case Study

Dialogue

Nurse: “Good afternoon Sallae Mae, my name is Christine, and I will be your nurse today. I have learned that you are having issues with taking your medication?”

Mae: Yes I have not been consistently taking my drugs in the right procedure as prescribed, how can I do it better nurse?”

Nurse: All the medications that you have been prescribed with have significance in your healing. Take them at the time prescribed so that your health will improve. I also realize that you do not have oxygen supply as indicated in the discharge prescription?

Mae: “True, I don’t want any oxygen in this house, I am just tired all I think about is my late husband, and recently I have no appetite.”

Nurse: “That should not be the case mom, oxygen supply enables your breathing to be better and prevents polluted air into your systems. It will clean your lungs for healthy breathing and improve blood circulation. Hope you understand me, mom.”

Mae: “Yes I apparently dont blame you, but I can’t stop thinking about him when my only daughter doesn’t have enough time to come and check on me, nurse.”

Nurse: “I have a solution to that, I will volunteer to be visiting you after every two days, we start an exercise session so that you won’t be thinking about family members so much. I will also talk to your daughter to at least spare some hours and visit you. You will get better mom and all the best. I will visit you two days later and eat well never lose hope. Bye for now,”

Mae: “Bye nurse, take care too.”

References

Koelling, T. M., Johnson, M. L., Cody, R. J., & Aaronson, K. D. (2005). Discharge education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation, 111(2), 179-185.

Want help to write your Essay or Assignments? Click here