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Computer Hardware Essay Paper

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Computer Hardware

What has been the impact of faster and cheaper computers for personal and company use?

Faster and cheaper computers have altered not just how people communicate but also how companies conduct business globally. The technological revolution has been advancing at a rate beyond the scale of human comprehension. In our modern age, cheap and faster computers and computer hardware have made it possible for companies to setup online stores where customer with computers or smart phones can buy goods and services (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).

These computers must be connected to the internet to enable this level of interaction. Companies like eBay, Yahoo, Apple and Amazon among others are the perfect example of what super-fast technology can do. With online shops, people can now buy anything online, from houses, to cars to music, through to services. Institutions of higher learning for instance, can now conduct their lessons online. While technology has also been destructive: destroying traditional businesses and obliterating jobs on the labor market, it has also made it easy for people to work from anywhere provided they have the required infrastructure.

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Computer Hardware

Computers have also made a security possible for companies and peoples. With CCTV cameras installed in companies and homes, it has become easier to deter robbery and identity theft among other things. The mobile phone has been touted as the critical most transformational technology in terms global economic development (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Poor farmers for instance, can verify not just the price for their perishable crops before harvest but also identify potential buyers.

This enhances profit margin because they have access to the best information. The mobile phone and the internet have altered the banking industry. With mobile and online banking, money can flow to people in remote places an aspect that fuels economic growth. With the mobile phone, people can now make informed decision about medical services beforehand (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Modern technology has made it possible for hi-tech companies to maximize profits times when brick and mortar companies remain closed. A case in point is iTunes which often sells millions of songs during Christmas day, a moment when brick and mortar stores are closed for the holiday.

What technological advances and benefits are driving the expansion in the use of personal computers?

There are a number of technological advancements and benefits driving the expansion in use of personal computers. Some of these developments include, increased speed of computer processors for the past 15 years, for instance, in 1998 IBM introduced experimental chips, which operate at about 1b cycles/second. Such chips are permitting higher processing ability of personal computers, and significant capacity to make non-personal computers with circuit applications.

Again, increased network speed in the recent development presents a platform of reduced transmission cost, enhanced bandwidth accessibility and greater ability of transmitting high-band width devices like video. The development of digital tools, which leads to the advances of other telecommunication technologies (Gallaugher, 2012). Moreover, advancements of wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs) in addition to routing and bridging abilities (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).

Computer Hardware

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The continuous development of routing abilities and similar protocols are increasing convergence of data and mobility. The convergence of data and mobility is increasing the internet capabilities and uses.

Development of data and internet technology: Recent technologies like ATM and frame relay have the ability to reduce per-unit price while permitting economic access to many users. Furthermore, internet devices like video streaming, e-commerce ability, sophisticated browsers are contributing to not only significant but also transforming the importance of the internet. Such varied uses strengthen technological advances by increasing the availability funding new ventures, thus provide increasing demands of users.

The discovery of mobile applications that involves switching as well as transport abilities are enhancing internet connectivity at any place and time. For instance, the mobility of internet tools allow users to communicate in anyplace around the world. Also, in collaboration with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) devices prevent users from developing costly fixed-line networks (Gallaugher, 2012). The introduction of worldwide end-user-services has contributed to considerable interoperability from users, providers and global system integrators.

Computer Hardware

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What are the limitations of faster and cheaper computers?

Traditional integrated circuits (ICs) are processed in high tech companies whose solemn obligation is to produce ICs. What makes those gadgets cheaper is the specialization in fabrication. Pundits allude that the price of one transistor is equivalent to the price of single character in a newspaper. The most powerful and efficient computer systems are those powered by miniature ICs. However, there is no technology and specialty to produce optical PC systems that are compatible to contemporary IC firms.

Current modern IC processors are developed in what is known as the very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) or ultra-large-scale-integration (ULSI) (Simon and Cavette, 1996). A square millimeter of a computer circuit for instance, has millions of transistors in a given square millimeter. On the contrary, optical components can be developed small and compact. The current technology does not support the development of micro-optic integrated circuits for assembling a CPU or motherboard. New developments will be needed in the future.

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Currently, traditional CPUs and computer parts are processes with extreme precision and in huge charges by way of composite processes. A change from the current assembly approach when it comes to the size of the chip platform to another size can generate problems. Tiny optical components have to be developed rather exactly to function appropriately (Simon and Cavette, 1996).

While this precision is not realized, slight deviations may lead to massive issues diverting light beams. Personal Computers in our modern era have been assembled based on the Von Neumann design. The interface, which is an operating system, is programmed to correspond this platform. Optical PC systems use a completely different architecture concerning the parallelism of the system. These two different architectures have application programs that are incompatible.

References

Laudon, K., & Laudon, J. (2012). Essentials of MIS. (10th Ed.). Learning Track 1: How computer hardware and software works. Retrieved from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/14071/14409392/Learning_Tracks/Ess10_CH 04_LT1_How_Computer_Hardware_and_Software_Work.pdf

Laudon, K., & Laudon, J. (2012). Essentials of MIS. (10th Ed.). Learning Track 6: Technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution. Retrieved from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/14071/14409392/Learning_Tracks/Ess10_CH 04_LT6_Technology_Drivers_of_IT_Infrastructure_Evolution.pdf

Gallaugher, J. (2012). Information Systems: A Harnessing Guide to Information Technology. FlatWorld Knowledge. Gallaugher Chapter 5 – E-textbook

Simon, Joel; Cavette, Chris. (1996) “Integrated Circuit.” How Products Are Made. Retrieved January 20, 2016 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2896600062.html

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Business Operations Decision

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Business Operations Decision

This paper aims at presenting low-calorie microwavable foods to support the firm’s continuous operational decisions. The paper will assess the results of supply chain since it demonstrates the existing market structure while putting into consideration the expected changes to sell environment and some of the factors that may lead to such a change. Also, the paper will assess the main short run as well as long-term production and cost functionalities as used to new cost information to establish whether there are conditions that can result in discontinuation of business operations decision.

Because there are changes in the market structure, it is important to examine the pricing structure to increase profits. In the end, the paper will present two strategies the firm should implement to enhance profitability while maximizing shareholder value.

Market Structure and Its Effectiveness for the Company

Each firm in a competitive market is the plays an important role in determining the price while the equilibrium cost as well as productivity in the industry are due to supply and demand. Low-calorie microwavable food market demonstrates the way in which demand and supply produced in perfect competition; regulate total productivity and the cost clients are ready to part with. In this case, the equilibrium cost and quantity are 407.65 and 24,335 respectively.

QD = 65,100 -100P

Qs = -7909.89 +79.0989P.

Companies in the purely competitive market have no power regarding the cost of their goods. Nevertheless, it may determine the quantity supplied to the market. Success or failure relies mainly on a pure competitive selling environment and the manner in which the firm identifies production expenses and depicts its products. The capacity of productivity revolves around the revenue the company will generate by producing goods (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014).

The company should implement strategies of conducting operations to make sure that it increases profits and output in the long run. An effective strategy is necessary when it comes to defining the efficacy of selling environment the firm operates. Furthermore, a proper plan will mainly highlight the availability of products, some enterprises participating, pricing patterns and powerful methods of brand promotion.

Business Operations Decision

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2. Changes in market structure and reasons that have caused changes from the market structure specified in Assignment 1.

Market survey shows that variations in the market structure are based on perfect and the imperfect market systems (Bragg, 2012). In an imperfect competitive oligopoly environment, the organization has the power to determine the price of its products. Information on competing organization demonstrated that there about 15 firms competing for low-calorie microwavable foods’ market share, out of which three companies control 75% of the market.

When it comes to sells, the firm is position 2 with approximately 77% of low-calorie microwavable foods, which reflects market concentration share, which is simply a measure of total market main players in the sector possess. For that reason, it may be necessary to assume that the firm is currently operating in the oligopolistic market, which is a competitive selling environment with relatively a few firms offering comparable brands as well as services (Routledge, 2008). The primary cause of such market is the withdrawal of rivals or increases or declines in the product costs (Bragg, 2012).

These changes mostly impact the operations of the company in different ways. To start with, there is likely to be significant output because the market share grows due to increases operation expenses influencing advertisement and labor costs. It is clear that labor costs may decline in the long run since the companies are controlling new firms are solidifying while redundant positions are eliminated (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014). Moreover, these changes can make an organization to modify its operations and adopt modern technologies in the operations.

Business Operations Decision

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3. Short and long-run production and cost functions for the frozen, low-calorie microwavable food company.

TC = 160,000,000 + 100Q + 0.0063212Q2

VC = 100Q + 0.0063212Q2

MC= 100 + 0.0126424Q

From assignment 1 QD = 350,000 -100 P

QS = -7909.89 + 79.0989P

ATC = TC/Q

= (160,000,000/Q) + (100Q + 0.0063212Q2)/Q

= (160,000,000/Q) + 100 + 0.0063212Q

AFC = 160, 000, 000/Q

AVC = 100 + 0.0063212Q

To determine production level for minimizing average total price, it is necessary to compute the average total cost to minimum cost.

ATC = MC

(160,000,000/Q) + 100 + 0.0063212Q = 100 + 0.0126424Q

160,000,000/Q = 0.0063212Q

160,000,000 = 0.0063212Q2

159,096.35 = Q

This to say; the cost of Q =159,096.35 exemplifies production level, which reduces the average total cost. Meanwhile, when production level = 159.096.36, it is easier to fabricate optimum average collective price.

To determine the time it takes manufacturing at the lowest average total cost (ATC):-

ATC = (160,000,000/Q) + 100 + 0.0063212Q

= (160,000,000/159,096.35) + 100 + 0.0063212(159,096.35)

= 1,005.68 + 100 + 1,005.68

= 2,111.36 = $21.11

This presents per-unit price of production, especially the proficient echelon. In the long-run, if the market varies, a company is forced to generate at the lowest total average price.

Business Operations Decision

4. Circumstances under which a firm should cease operations.

The association between ATC, average variable cost (AVC), and minimal costs (MC) can be illustrated well using a graph. The MC curvature transects the ATC and AVC curves at their lowermost points. Subsequently, price plummets with MC beneath AVC; however, price rises when the MC is above the average cost. While MC represents price of fabricating the last production unit, MC curve escalates with the measure of production, as such, the MC curve intersects ATC and AVC curves underneath their lowest points and increases.

The form of Minimal Cost curve is informed by the Rule of Shrinking Earnings. Shrinking proceeds in the fundamental logic come about in the event that marginal product flows an increasing measure of a parameter with a corresponding input is smeared to a fixed one (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014).

In this regard, the closure point is where the minimum AVC overlaps the MC. The firm can contemplate shutting down operations, when the cost plummets below the lowest point b as indicated on the graph. Implicitly by closing down the business can avoid running into more losses. It is only prudent for the organization to close down operations instead of accruing losses.

Business Operations Decision

However, the company can only go about with services by putting in place contingency measures and a strategy that allows it to change tactic and curtail losses (McGuigan, Moyer & Harris, 2014). This may be realized by changing production to a different SRATC curve through several capital alternatives.

When it comes to the breakeven point, the MC transects the ATC. Nonetheless, if the market price falls beneath $21.11, represented by point C on the chart, and above point b, the business may proceed with activities in the short-term. Largely, this may be because the price at the lowest point takes care of variable and fixed cost. Nonetheless, in the long-term under competitive setting, the firm has to quit the industry. As recapped by Stokes, the company’s administration has to play an integral role when it comes to market issues, putting market research individuals and being at the forefront dealing with market costs (Stokes, 2008).

Business Operations Decision

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5. The pricing policy that will allow frozen, low-calorie microwavable food company to capitalize on profits.

With regards to increasing profitability, I suggest cost profit maximization method, whereby the marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. In this procedure, the firms examine the suitable output with the price levels with the goal of increasing returns. Quantity q* is illustrated by the convergence of MR and MC curves. The price that matches the amount is obtained by increasing q* with the demand curve to find p*.

There is another useful price rule that will be effective at a high rate will reduce the sales below q* while a lower price is likely to increase sales above q*. With the demand function, QD=350,000- 100P, inverse demand function can easily be calculated;-100P =350,000-Q.

P= (350,000/100) – Q/100

= 3,500 – 0.01Q

Total Revenue (TR) = P*Q

= (3,500 – 0.01Q)*Q

= 3,500Q – 0.01 Q2

MR = TR/Q

= 3500-0.02Q

Therefore, to increase earnings, marginal revenue should be compared to marginal cost.

MR = MC

3,500 – 0.02 Q = 100 + 0.0126424 Q

3,400 = 0.0326424Q

104,159.01 = Q

Q denotes return optimizing production that is beneath the output at the lowest average total yield. Therefore, realizing the actual cost for the fabricated unit, to enhance profit, the quantity in the profit is substituted as follows:-

P = 3,500 – 0.01Q

= 3,500 – 0.01Q (104,159.01)

= 2,458.41 = $ 24.58

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Business Operations Decision

6. To evaluate its financial performance.

Based on this computation, production permutation of 104, 159.01 units and with $24.58 as the retailing price puts us at the apex of our profit activity. Owing to our market power, the amalgamation puts the company in the changeable position of the demand curve. Any increase in the price will culminate in the loss of market share and a price fall that lead to higher profit realization. The computation below evaluates the fiscal performance with a fabrication quantity of 104,159.01 units

ATC = (160,000,000/Q) + 100 + 0.0063212Q

160,000,000/104,159.01+ 100+ 0.0063212 (104,159.01)

2,294.52 = $22.95

Products retailing at $24.58 and nevertheless, it take $22.95 to manufacture, generating earnings to the tune of $1.63 per unit. This is a monetary profit.

In this case, short-range earnings would be computed as; T R – TC

Where; TR = P *Q

Therefore; $24.58 * 104,159.01

= $2,560,228.47

TC = ATC * Q

$22.95 * 104,159.01

$2,390,449.28

Profit = $2,560,228.47 – $2,390,449.28

$169,779.19

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Business Operations Decision

7. Two (2) ways the firm can improve profitability and deliver more value to its stakeholders.

The significant costs to the firm are increasing energy costs, and raw material. Much as the organization has broadened the operations through brand innovations; the fixed as well as variable costs keep on increasing. The organization should search for strategies of reducing fuel, raw material and packaging expenses (Bragg, 2012). With regards to reducing fuel costs, the firm can use a direct delivery structure regarding scheduled sales and online orders by each client. Consequently, the company may put into consideration other external delivery channels.

Because the firm handles individual client orders, it should it account the use of direct to customer sales as a campaign to fund learning institutions or other entities. Again, the company needs to consider the techniques of minimizing packaging expenses by either converting the material to cryogenic freezing or suitable packaging methods (Routledge, 2008). By and large, the organization should allow employee participation, especially in the identification of reducible expenses and strategies of conducting such identifications.

References

Bragg, M. S., (2012). Financial Analysis: A Controller’s Guide. (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

McGuigan, J., Moyer, R. & Harris, F. (2014). Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies, and Tactics (13th Ed.). Cengage Learning. Mason, Ohio.

Routledge. S., D. (2008). Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. John Wiley and Sons

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Communication Strategies Essay Paper

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Communication Strategies

Introduction

The paper evaluates two models of communication strategies namely transactional and methodological triangulation theories of communication. The paper sets out by describing the two models, citing examples and how both apply not just in real life, but how individuals involved were affected. Moreover, the paper will equally collaborate real life experiences and how a similar situation may be approached differently.

The transactional theory of communication is beyond just a two-way discussion that involves the speaker and audience. Many factors of communication have often been disregarded. However, times are an integral factor when it comes to communication. There is an enormous disparity regarding communication between two strangers and close friends.

Transactional Model

Transactional model is where two persons communicate through several conduits with corresponding messages. When it comes to other models of communications, messages can not only be misrepresented, but people may be distracted, resulting in misinterpretation that fuels and hampers the model.

For instance,

Hello there!

Hi, how are you?

What’s cooking up, today?

Nothing much, just headed for work, how about you?

Communication Strategies

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People tend to adopt a transactional way, especially when exchanging e-mails or messages. With this type of communication, people literary exchange value for one another, for instance in a greeting where each affords the other some comfort of sorts through a well-defined transactional custom. However, the real transaction may be primarily anchored in the perspective.

Transactions that involve people at home are something else from those between folks at work or along the boulevard. Transactional theory puts more emphasis on reciprocity. A change in the communicator might initiate a change in the surrounding that may later have an impact on the receiver.

Transactional theory presumes that individuals are interlinked through communication; they engage in business dealings. It acknowledges that parties involved in any transaction are senders and receivers. Again, it recognizes the fact that communication has an effect on parties involved. As such, communication is soft of simultaneous. Moreover, the theory comprises of contractions that embody the communication setting; how received data is interpreted. Effective communications are where contractions meet largely because parties engaged in the transaction have a common understanding of the message.

Communication Strategies

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Methodological Triangulation

Human communication in groups is to some degree complex due to various factors that impact individuals’ intentions towards others, thus affecting communication in groups. Methodological triangulation involves practical as well as theoretical perspective in group discussion. On one hand, the theoretical part demonstrates the strategies of inquiring and descriptions used in any given study. On the other, practical viewpoint supports the connection between method, concept, and aim of assessing and substantiating how methodological triangulation integrates varying views about communication in groups.

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Furthermore, methodological triangulation involves using different qualitative methods to investigate a program. For instance, the results obtained from group communication may be used to establish the association. The validity of information may be recognized once results are related. The experts can also interviews, focus groups or the techniques to assess the changes. Additionally, the researcher may investigate the participants, groups, if the results obtained are comparable, and reliability has been established.

For example, in the study of the association of stereotypes in media message on ethnicity and racial backgrounds is the users’ social judgment. This presents a detailed comprehension to make informed decisions using critical and quantitative techniques. It also enables experts to assess communication from different angles while gaining substantial recognition of the issue being researched.

By and large, methodological triangulation is necessary for group communication since it enhances confidence while presenting a clear perspective of questions. This is pegged on the amount of data and diversity used in the investigation. Nevertheless, methodological triangulation is involving because collecting information requires proper planning as well as resources, aspects which may be out of reach.

Communication Strategies

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Conclusion

The paper evaluated two communication theories namely transactional and methodological triangulation models of communication. The paper determined that while the transactional model is anchored on reciprocity, methodological triangulation advances confidence by presenting a clear perspective of issues.

Works Cited

Wood, Julia T. Communication Mosaics. 7th ed. N.p.: Wadsworth Pub, 2014. Print.

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The effects of salts on the freezing point of liquids

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The effects of salts on the freezing point of liquids

Introduction

Freezing refers to the process of substance changing from liquid to solid. This occurs when liquid molecules slows down, making their attraction occur in a way that they arrange themselves in a fixed position- solid (University, 2014). Therefore, this activity explores the concept of freezing point of liquids and how it is affected by impurities (salts). This helps in focusing on the interactions that takes place at molecular level of a solution as it freezes (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).

Problem:

What are effects of salts on freezing point of liquids?

Hypothesis:

Salts affect lowers the freezing point of liquids

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Data/ Discussion

In this experiment, the following materials are used; tape, marker; 2 cups; 2 ice cubes, timer and half tea spoon of salt. The tape and the marker were used to label the cups, “No salt” and “salt.” The ice cube is placed in each of the cup; salt was added in the cup marked “salt”. The procedure was done three times. The temperature of each cup and other physical observation was made after every 10 minutes for thirty minutes. The data obtained was recorded as shown in the table below (VanCleave, 2002):

Time (minutes	Temperature recorded in salt cup	Temperature recorded in non-salt cup
Starting	0.1º C	0.1º C
10 min	-3 C	0.1º C
20 min	– 4º C	0.0º C
30 min	– 4º C	0.0º C
Average	– 3.5º C	0.01º C

After thirty minutes mark, it was observed that the cup containing salt begun to melt; whereas the other cup containing no salt consisted of completely frozen solid. The temperatures recorded indicated that the temperatures of the frozen ice reduced in cup containing salt. Whereas the average temperature of the frozen ice without salt is 0.1º C; the temperature for the cup containing salt lowered by 3-4 degrees Celsius lower that of the control experiment (VanCleave, 2002).

This can be concluded that salts lower the freezing point of water. The differences in observed temperature with theoretical temperature are attributable to differences in atmospheric pressure. However, the difference is negligible (Pedersen and Myers, 2010). This is because in low temperatures, water molecules slow down. These molecules move slow making the intermolecular attractions between the molecules become very strong, forming a lattice of water molecules which becomes ice. During the freezing temperature, the rate at which the molecules enter and leave is same (University, 2014).

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However, on addition of salt, the equilibrium is disrupted. This is because with the addition of salt, there is less water molecules, due to the interface of solute and solution. This implies that the solute particles block the interaction of the water molecules, thus, more water are leaving and less water are re-entering the solid phase. As the temperature continues to lower even further, the water molecules leaving the solid state slow down even further. This describes the concept of freezing point depression (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.).

Freezing point depression refers to the process where addition of a salute to a solvent causes a decrease in the solvent freezing point. Other examples include alcohol in water and mixing of any impurity in a solvent. This is the phenomenon that causes the sea water (presence of impurities) to remain liquid even during temperatures below 0ºC (University, 2014).

This concept has many uses. For example, it is used to ensure that automobile radiator fluid does not freeze during winter. This is because the radiator fluid is a mixture of alcohol and water. Road salting during winter is also an application of freeze-point depression, as the salt lowers the freezing point of snow, making it melt; thus preventing the accumulation of snow during winter (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).

However, it is imperative to note that the maximum depression of freezing water of sodium chloride (commonly used) is -21ºC; therefore, for ambient temperatures that are lower, sodium chloride is ineffective. However, other salts such as calcium chloride, mixture of many and magnesium chloride can be used, as the phenomenon concept is the sale.

However, these other salts are corrosive, especially on iron, and in some places, safer salts should be used (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.). Additionally, it is imperative to note that the exact depression of the freezing point depends on the amount of salt used. Literature indicates that 0.5 mol of NaCl lowers freezing point by 1.65º C, but the maximum depression temperature is -21º F, which is a approximately -6º C (Pedersen and Myers, 2010).

Conclusion

The study hypothesis is proven; salts lowers the temperature at which the fluid (water) freezes. The reason behind this is probably because the molecule interaction of pure water is different from the molecule interaction in presence of salt. This makes the salt water to have different chemical properties as the salt joins in the interface between the Hydrogen and Oxygen bond, making the interaction of these two molecules less strong (Rawn and Ouellette, n.d.).

References

Pedersen, S. and Myers, A. (2010). Understanding the principles of organic chemistry. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Rawn, J. and Ouellette, R. (n.d.). Organic chemistry.

University, O. (2014). Seawater. Jordan Hill: Elsevier Science.

VanCleave, J. (2002). Janice VanCleave’s help! my science project is due tomorrow!. New York: Wiley.

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The concept of conservatism and liberalism

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The concept of conservatism and liberalism

Institution

In the article with the title “president Obama visits a mosque long overdue and vital ” by Haroon Moghul,The article is all about the Muslim religion the external image it portrays peoples perception and believes that the general public and the government have about the religion, people having a believe that its a religion of extremism and terrorism supporting. Attracting attention from the government bodies such as NYPD which used to give a close monitoring of the Islam communities.

There is conservatism theme where the Mongul mentions that though president Obama spent most of his child life in Muslim related countries, he has not visited an American mosque, he believes that just because president Obama spent his early life in Muslim countries ,he should have visited an American mosque, one can chose to attend a mosque session even if they have never been in a Muslim country.( Pipe J, 1997,

Conservatism and liberalism

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Ideologies and institutions : American conservative and liberal governance prescriptions since 1933. ) another theme of conservatism comes out clearly where the Mongul tells that the high level of civic monitoring have caused the number of Muslims attending the mosque to decrease drastically, just because one is being monitored doesn’t mean that one should not go to a place of worship as it is their constitutional right, here the writer is conservative and believes that close monitoring deny conducive environment for worship, conservatives believes at personal responsibility, a life that should not have too many regulations(Hibbing J, Smith K. & Alford J. (2014). Predisposed : liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences)

However, we witness liberalism where the Mongul mentions that mosque deserves protection in America as any other religion and that the Muslims should be allowed fully to use their religion related institutions as there have been alienation from them. Liberals believe that the government should offer protection to every individual regardless of their religion for aequal society.( Seaton J. 1996. Cultural conservatism, political liberalism : from criticism to cultural studies)

References

Seaton, J. (1996). Cultural conservatism, political liberalism : from criticism to cultural studies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Hibbing, J., Smith, K. & Alford, J. (2014). Predisposed : liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York: Routledge.

Piper, J. (1997). Ideologies and institutions : American conservative and liberal governance prescriptions since 1933. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.

NoAuthorFound. (2012). The evolutionary psychology behind politics : how conservatism and liberalism evolved within humans. Mcclenny, Fla: Federalist Publications.

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Description of Areas of communication

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Description of Areas of communication

The areas of communication are connected to four different categories including; open area, blind area, hidden area, unknown area.

Open area involves all things that an individual knows about themselves as well as others. It is associated with the open and free exchange of information between an individual and others, which is public and easily available to others. When open area enhances in size based on the degree of trust between a person and the group.

Blind area; this quadrant has information that one does not know about themselves, but others know. For example, when an individual takes part in the group, she/he is not aware of the ideas to share with group members.

Hidden area, this part has information that individuals know about themselves. However, the group does not know.

The unknown area contains information that neither individual nor other know about themselves. In this case, they learn from feedback exchange.

Attributes that corresponds with the open area

Some of my attributes that correspond to the open area include; good communicator, no mistrust and honest. These attributes enable me to ensure that there is open communication, no misunderstanding between me and others. For the other three areas, list at least one item that you may potentially find out about yourself and what type of circumstances may cause this knowledge.

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Blind area

I like to use of verbal signs, which is particularly common when I related to others, for example clearing my throat before I speak something. The group learns this behavior from me.

Hidden area:

In this area, I discovered that I like hiding things from others, especially in circumstances where I share ideas with the others. I discovered that others might learn my feelings, views and opinions and, in turn, hurt or attack me. As such, I withhold such information.

Unknown

I realized that knowing everything about me is exceptionally unlikely. This is common in situations where I associate with the group about childhood memories.

References

Wood, Julia T. (2014). Communication Mosaics: An Introduction to the Field of Communication. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning,

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Good Communication Skills

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Good Communication Skills

One of the requirements for being a good veterinary technician is good communication skills. In Lehman’s terms communication is the process by which a message is passed from the sender to the receiver with the intent of passing on comprehensible information.

There is, therefore, two part of the communication process. Let us take for instance in a conversation. One party talks while the other listens keenly to ensure that the message is clearly understood to give a correct or appropriate response. In the area of veterinary care, these professionals are required to be good listeners.

Listening is a good communication skill. If one can master the art of listening attentively, then they can save on the amount of words needed to respond to the already said words (Burnard, 2013). Therefore, veterinary technicians are supposed to be good listeners to the point that they know what to do according to the account given by a patient or advice and insight from a colleague.

Hence, this paper will intently discuss the characteristics of a good listener and on how to become one. Good listening skills are learned from day to day. They need a lot of practice and effort for one to adapt to being a good listener.

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A good listener does not interrupt the patient or the other person speaking. When engaged in a conversation a good listener would sit back and wait for the other person to finish their statements. Then they will think about what they are going to say and say it in the appropriate manner. Otherwise, a good listener will only interrupt the other person if there is a significant point that needs clarification. That is only when he or she is supposed to interrupt when the other person is talking.

For in the case of a veterinary technician. When a patient comes in with a particular issue that needs to be taken care of. The veterinary technician ought to first present himself or herself in a professional manner. Greet, the patient, then get to the business of the day. The business of the day being that the patient will be asked in a courteous manner what bring them to the hospital.

After this inquiry, the veterinary technician will have in his hands a patient file if the patient is not a new one. In the case of a new patient, the details would have already been entered by the nurse for the doctor in a patient file. The patient file serves one important purpose. The medical history of the patient often helps the doctor predict or depict what the patient is suffering from. The information in the file is very significant. The patient might have recurring signs and symptoms thus the file may help decode what is ailing the patient.

As the veterinary technician is conversing with the patient to get some relevant information. It is quite necessary to take down notes of what the patient is saying. The signs do not necessarily include all that the patient says but only the major or significant points regarding the matter at hand. Therefore, note taking is one of the practices a good listener performs. The practice is also paramount in the health care provision sector where information from the patient is treated like a goldmine.

The reason being what the patient says will be very helpful in ensuring the delivery of the appropriate health care. The same also applies to the colleagues of the veterinary technician. The partner may be holding information pertaining the case at hand at the moment. Therefore, any information should be treated as important unless it is proved to be wrong information.

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Apart from the verbal cues that help the veterinary technician be able to know what is ailing the patient. There are some non-verbal cues that help one get as much information as necessary from a person in this case the patient. There reaches some point in a conversation that the one speaking does not get the right words to explain what he or she is meaning. In this case, it might be very misleading if the point is not presented as it is supposed to be.

The non-verbal cues come to help in this type of situation. A good listener can look at the person speaking and from their body language be able to tell what the person is trying to say.

For instance, when a given patient has not been able to describe fully a certain feeling. Then the veterinary technician can be able to act in a certain way to help the patient vividly explain what he or she is feeling. This would be aided by good listening skills.

The fact that the veterinary technician has not been able to get effectively what the patient was saying has enabled the use of non-verbal cues which mostly involve the body language to ensure the meaning or a given point is not lost in the conversation. This way some significant information about the medical issue at hand can be treated using the right information. Thus, the provision of the right medical treatment is guaranteed to be a reality.

The practices mentioned above can be very critical in some situations. For example, when the veterinary technician is starting a given surgical procedure. For his or her to know whether the anesthesia is working. He or she will communicate with the patient verbally but expect a response in the form of non-verbal cues to continue with the procedure. Hence, the importance of listening as a communication skill is very crucial to such professions or professions of related nature. Therefore, listening is a core skill in the communication skills that ought to be held by the veterinary technicians.

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The importance of listening can be summarized in a few sentences. By being a good listener, the technician can build a trustful relationship with the patient. The patient sees they are cared for and thus they will trust a certain health care professional just because of their good listening skills. Another significant use of good listening skills is to collect and give information. In this instance, a vet can collect the needed information from the patient to be able to treat the situation with that patient as it deserves to be treated. Therefore, good listening skills are an important part of the professional qualities of the veterinary technician.

References

Austin, D. R. (2013). Therapeutic recreation. Urbana, 51, 61801.

Brownell, J. (2015). Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge.

Burnard, P. (2013). Acquiring Interpersonal Skills: A handbook of experiential learning for health professionals. Springer.

Graham, S. (2011). Self-efficacy and academic listening. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(2), 113-117.

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Environmental issues Research Study

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Environmental issues

How does the plummeting of oil prices affect the climate?

The recent fall in oil price from about USD 115 to 50 per barrel in mid-2014 and August 2015 respectively has contributed to diverse views regarding the adverse effects on the environment. These environmental issues views may be divided into three groups;

a) Plummeting oil price is regarded to exert downward strain on gas oil cost as well as the price of natural gas. This is likely to divert significant ventures from environmentally sustainable energy methods to gas-driven electric plants. The required change of the globe’s energy technologies from fossil fuels to low-carbon techniques may be significantly stopped (Kurtz, 2004).

b) Falling oil prices and the low cost of petroleum by-products including gasoline, may exert increased demand on internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicles. This may hinder not only development but also diffusion of ecologically friendly options, like electric vehicles (EVs) that do not emit CO2 emissions. Also, advanced vehicle travel may, in turn, lead to further emissions.

c) In the context of low oil price, global attempts to attain the relevant diplomatic agreements on the conservation of the planet, like the UN Sustainable Development Summit, could be hindered by the remarkable opportunity costs countries will experience in dissociating from fossil fuels.

Environmental issues

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Electric Vehicles

Plummeting oil prices are regularly seen as contribute to reduced pump price of gasoline and diesel. Something, some people believe that can adversely affect a nascent sector of Zero-emission automobiles like EVs, which use fuel-cell technologies or even lithium-ion battery, which some see as a challenge when it comes to competing with incumbent ICE. In reality, reduced oil cost per barrel does not imply low pump prices.

Less than a half of the retail cost of diesel and gasoline in the United States is based on the cost of crude oil. The remaining is going to refinery, distribution, marketing and taxes. As as matter of fact, much as the price of crude oil has declined to approximately 57% since 2014, gasoline has reduced by about 36% (U.S. Department of Energy 2016).

With the considerable reduction of oil prices, it is not certain the degree of EV producers will be affected. For instance, the main players, in battery-driven EVs, Telsa and target premium Model S cars and compete with other premium car producers.In this case, the client base is less concerned with opportunity costs of using electricity as a result of the price of oil. Instead, they are mainly interested in environmental benefits as well as reputation associated with having a Telsa.

Nevertheless, the price of gasoline has little impact on the general demand of vehicle travel; this means that vehicle travel is, in fact, inelastic. This may illustrate by the ill-timed reality of the present day transport structure is significantly reliant on oil. Individuals want to move around, go their workplaces, take children to school and buy goods. Particularly, in the United States individual motorized mobility, ICE is the most suitable alternative for personal transport. They prefer to purchase and use gas despite its costs since it’s a necessity.

Environmental issues

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Thus plummeting price of fuel may be expected to have little impact on the CO2 emission in the environment. Regardless of the falling oil price, renewable energy is primarily cost-competitive with fossil fuel in different areas. For certain applications including off-grid, they are without a doubt superior. Moreover, solar PV cells are cost-competitive at utility-level. These is likely to develop further while the falling costs of battery technologies can, together with widespread use of smart grid applications, result in an absolute change in terms of how energy is produced and used (COSNRC, 2003).

More so, the plummeting oil price poses a low-carbon transmission cannot be overlooked, since full influence on deployment and investment in renewable energy is not evident yet. Again, it is challenging to establish the appropriate counterfactual of how to be invested in renewable energy with the recent oil price reductions and therefore to recognize the degree of harm on climate.

Nonetheless, it is proposed that the latest plummeting oil price has hindered the installation of new investments as well as shale exploration, as the majority are not viable based on the current costs. This demonstrates that falling oil price can materialize like a two-fold sword. On one hand, possible increasing demand for oil while diluting economic incentives for changing to low-carbon options, which can prevent supply by ensuring that new investments are economically not viable on the other.

Perhaps the question one would ask is whether or not the current oil price nosedive has an effect on the environment. For too long environmental activists have been concerned with carbon taxes to inflame oil costs and pave the way for clean-energy innovations. However, the recent price crash has been upheld as good for the environment, since it could gravely weaken big oil and its grip on the world’s energy business (Kurtz, 2004).

Environmental issues

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Oil prices are now less than 50% of what it used to cost in less than one year ago. Logically, this may escalate the volume of oil burned regarding energy, largely because people are somewhat less cautious with cheap stuff, and because plummeting fuel costs will spur economic activities. Low fuel cost will equally deject outlay in alternative sources of energy like renewables. However, the oil greed demonstrates no signs of easing, as some of the leading oil producing nations under the OPEC umbrella are not ready to pump more oil to the market.

The high cost of oil reduces petroleum demand an aspect that makes petroleum options more viable, while plummeting oil costs re-energize the demand for the product, culminating in massive production due to demand. When oil prices go up, people tend to drive less, but with low oil prices, people prefer fuel-guzzlers because of the purchasing power. Nonetheless, there is an argument that price decline could enhance green gains. That is mainly because low oil costs may spell doom for big oil and the necessity to look for alternative sources of black coal.

Precisely, declining oil costs make a huge investment in new oil reserves appear like bad deals because of the high costs associated with drilling new sites, whether it deep off-shore drilling or Arctic (U.S. Department of Energy 2016). Analysts suggest that unrelenting oil costs could weaken investment by entities involved in oil probe and production. Again, dropping oil prices will slow the need for developing alternative sources of clean energy. This will help conserve the environment by making the coal and oil deposits unburnable hence curtailing global temperature rise to two degrees Centigrade.

Environmental issues

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The reality about oil companies is to make a profit. So, falling oil prices will mean less exploration, an issue that will help conserve the environment because some of the most ecologically hurting oil exploration transpire in the expensive regions. The underlying economics with cheap oil is increased consumption. Commuters are more likely to avoid cycling during winter.

The demand for petroleum is widely unbendable, in simple words; people may hardly change with a change in pricing (Kurtz, 2004). While crude oil is employed to make petroleum items used to fuel airplanes, vehicles; warm homes and produce pharmaceutical products, less activity owing to dropping oil prices will reverse the adverse effects that the glut for the exploration has had on the environment.

Exploration and oil drilling distracts land and maritime environments. These activities may hamper fish and marine life. While modern technology can enhance the proficiency of exploration and drilling operations, dropping, oil prices will lessen these activities. Hydraulic fracturing is a method employed to produce oil not only from shale but also from tight rock formations. This approach has enabled the US to enhance its domestic fuel production while minimizing the amount of fuel imported.

Environmental issues

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These are ecological issues related to this technique. Fracturing rocks involve large quantities of water and utilize high levels of hazardous chemicals to produce fuel from rocks. In particular regions, the use considerable amount of water to produce fuel can remarkably impact the availability of water as well as aquatic life. Faulty wells or poor handling may lead to spills and leaks. With less activity when it comes to exploration, the marine life would be saved from such disasters. Furthermore, hydraulic fracturing generates significant amounts of waste water, which contains chemicals and other hazardous compounds that require treatment before recycle or disposal.

Since the quantity of water utilized and intricacy of treating particular waste water, treatment and disposal are crucial and challenging. In most cases, disposal of sewage entails injecting it into deep wells, which can contribute to earthquakes, in turn, lead to adverse effects on the environment. However, the perpetual oil price drop will mean less activity in this sector hence less hazardous substance will be generated.

Environmental issues

References

Committee on Oil in the Sea, National Research Council. (COSNRC) (2003). Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10388.html.

Kurtz, Rick S. (2004). Coastal oil pollution: Spills, crisis, and policy change. Review of Policy Research 21, no. 2: 201-19.

U.S. Department of Energy (2016). “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.” Available from http://www.eere.energy.gov.

Environmental issues

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Plummeting Oil Prices effect on the Climate

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Plummeting Oil Prices

How does the plummeting oil prices affect the climate?

a) Plummeting oil prices is regarded to exert downward strain on gas oil cost as well as the price of natural gas. This is likely to divert significant ventures from environmentally sustainable energy methods to gas-driven electric plants. The required change of the globe’s energy technologies from fossil fuels to low-carbon techniques may be significantly stopped (Kurtz, 2004).

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Electric Vehicles

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Plummeting Oil Prices

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Plummeting Oil Prices

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Plummeting Oil Prices

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References

Kurtz, Rick S. (2004). Coastal oil pollution: Spills, crisis, and policy change. Review of Policy Research 21, no. 2: 201-19.

U.S. Department of Energy (2016). “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.” Available from http://www.eere.energy.gov.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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