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Week 3: Business Ethics and the Individual
“We may pretend that we are basically moral people who make mistakes, but the whole of history proves otherwise.” Terry Hands 1941-, British theatre and opera director
Overview:
People are quick to say that it is not the business that did bad things but the people who run the corporation. This week’s thrust is the examination of ethics from the individual’s perspective in the workplace. What ethical behaviors should the individual exhibit? And what behaviors should the individual expect from the business? Also discussed are several unique 21st century ethical issues facing the individual in the workplace.
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Identifying Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Assignment #1: Ethical Dilemmas (15%)
Purpose: In the first assignment, you have the opportunity to gain an understanding of how to identify different types of ethical dilemmas that occur within business, apply ethical theories to solve dilemmas, and after comparing the results, take a critical stance of determining a theorist who can best address all three dilemmas.
Outcome Met by Completing This Assignment:
Identify ethical issues that arise in domestic and global business environments using an understanding of ethical concepts and of legal and business principles
Develop and evaluate alternatives to, and recommend solutions for, ethical dilemmas, taking into account ethical and legal requirements and the essential mission of the business enterprise100 % 5 of 5 topics complete
Effectively communicate to internal and external business stakeholders the complexities of ethical issues, suggesting and analyzing various solutions in order to ensure appropriate business practices and accountability
NOTE: All submitted work is to be your original work. You may not use any work from another student, the Internet or an online clearinghouse. You are expected to understand the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy, and know that it is your responsibility to learn about instructor and general academic expectations with regard to proper citation of sources as specified in the APA Publication Manual, 6th Ed. (Students are held accountable for in-text citations and an associated reference list only).
Identifying Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Instructions:
Step 1: Create the introductory paragraph.
Within this paragraph, provide a brief overview of the scenario. Then, provide a thesis statement and tell the reader the main topics covered in the paper. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper. View this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph: http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html
Step 2: Read critically and analyze the case scenario under Week 3 Content area.
Step 3: Identify and discuss the three business dilemmas and one personal dilemma presented in the case scenario.
Explain the facts that you have relied upon to make the selection. Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
Step 4: Identify and discuss the common ethical issues categories to which each of the three business dilemmas belong. Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
Step 5: State each dilemma in question form and then apply the ethical theories of Kant, Rand, and Bentham to answer the question: How would each of these theorists solve the dilemma? You need only chose one theorist per dilemma but all three theorists must be used in discussing the three dilemmas. Explain in detail how the conclusions were conceived using the class material, the facts from the case scenario, and any additional resources necessary to define the answer.
Step 6: In a final paragraph, compare the results and select one theorist who would best solve all three dilemmas.
Since this last part is reflective of your personal opinion, be sure to support the conclusion with the class material, facts from the case scenario, and a definition of any personal ethical values that influenced the decision process.
Step 7: Proofread the paper for spelling and grammatical issues and third person writing as this assignment requires college-level writing.
Use the spell and grammar check in Word as a first measure;
Have someone who has excellent English skills to proof the paper;
Consider submitting the paper to the Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC will provide 4-6 areas that may need improvement.
Step 8: Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered a student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. No exceptions will be considered by the instructor).
Identifying Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Preparation for the Assignment
Before you begin writing the assignment, you will read the following requirements that will help you meet the writing and APA requirements. Not reading this information will lead to a lower grade:
Read the grading rubric for the assignment. Use the grading rubric while writing the report to ensure all requirements are met that will lead to the highest possible grade.
Third person writing is required. Third person means that there are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first person writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second person writing). If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this link: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-second-and-third-person.
Contractions are not used in business writing, so you are expected NOT to use contractions in writing this assignment. You are expected to paraphrase and are NOT to use direct quotes. You are expected to paraphrase, which can be learned by reviewing this link: https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_paraphrase2.html
You are responsible for APA only for in-text citations and a reference list.
You are expected to use the facts from the case scenario paired with the weekly course readings to develop the analysis and support the reasoning. No more than three (3) external resources can be used in completing the assignment. Books cannot be used as resources for this assignment. The expectation is that you provide a robust use of the course readings.
No other books besides the course eBook can be used. When using a source document, the expectation is that the information is cited and referenced with a page or paragraph number.
Identifying Ethical Dilemmas in Business
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Week 5: Ethical Decision Making by a Corporation
“Being good is good business” Anita Roddick 1942-, British founder of The Body Shop
Overview:
Week Five focuses on the idea that a business can make an ethical decision and what it takes for them to do so – how ethics works in the organization, how leadership plays into the ethical decision making, and the need for an ethical organizational culture. Also discussed are several of the unique 21st century issues facing business today.
Theme 1: Ethical Organizational Decision Making Can Be Encouraged Ethical behavior is something that people talk about but if an organization and the people in it are not committed to its importance then it will not succeed. The theme this week focuses on how we can make businesses create an ethical environment.
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Week 7: Global Ethics
“Always look at things so as to see at the same time what kind of universe this is, and what kind of use everything performs in it, and what value everything has with reference to the whole.” Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
Theme 1: Moral Universalism Is it possible that all people have common moral values? The debate over whether it is possible for us all to have core values is still raging among philosophers. If true, many of the business challenges in doing business globally might be solved.
This week we examine the debate and its relevance to doing business internationally.
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Week 2: Making an Ethical Decision
“Ethics is not definable, is not implementable, because it is not conscious; it involves not only our thinking, but also our feeling.” Valdemar W. Setzer, Brazilian anthropologist
Overview:
The focus this week is on the skill of making an ethical decision, which begins with a discussion of ethical theories and ends with the application process used in making a decision. Students should be able to understand how the various theories are used to make and evaluate a decision.
Theme 1: The Importance of Ethical Theory to making Ethical Decisions in Business
The study of concepts such as justice, good and evil behavior, moral right and wrong, values and mores have been the fodder of theologists, philosophers and legal scholars for centuries. Understanding some of the major theories will help to answers ethical dilemmas that occur in the workplace today.
Theme 2: Determining Ethical Behavior is the Hardest Part of Studying Ethics
Making an Ethical Decision
Determining an ethical answer to an ethical dilemma is difficult for an individual or corporation. Doing so requires a process or mechanism to identify the ethical issue or question and then gain an understanding of ethical theories and/or moral guidelines (e.g. personal or corporate code of ethics) to arrive at functional choices from which a decision can be made. This week, the best way to make an ethical decision and the major categories that ethical dilemmas in business occur are examined.
Read/View:
Ethical Decision Making
Ethical Egoism
Chapter 2 Saylor Business Ethics
Moral Issues Facing Employees
Making the Best “Right” Decision
Complete:
Participate in Week 2 learning activities
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Ethics and Information Security in Reverse Logistics
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Ethics and Information Security in Reverse Logistics
Order Instructions:
This paper should be about about Ethics and Information Security in Reverse Logistics and the paper must be between 8 to 10 pages for the content, not counting the title page or the reference page.
•Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
•APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.
•Length of paper: typed, double-spaced pages with no less than 8 pages.
•Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
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Ethical Dilemma Case Study
Case study 1
• Your company is currently discussing a contract for the construction of solar panels with the Government of Vindalubia. Your company is requested pay a ‘motivation fee’ for the Minister of Energy of Vindalubia in order to facilitate the signature of the contract with the Government of Vindalubia. The CEO of the company asks you to look into this issue. Do you pay the motivation fee? Why? What are the legal aspects you will take into consideration in order to justify your decision? Please draft a document explaining your decision, your argument and the legal reasons for your decision.
Case study 2
Your company signed a contract for the construction of solar panels with the Government of Vindalubia (fictitious state). Your company paid a ‘motivation fee’ for the Minister of Energy of Vindalubia in order to facilitate signature of the contract with the Government of Vindalubia. A few months later, the Government of Vindalubia terminated the contract. The CEO of the company is really concerned about this issue. CEO asks you to look into this issue.
•What should the company do?
• What are the methods of resolving the dispute? Why?
• Please draft a document explaining your decision and the reasons why you propose your answer.
Case study 3
You recently joined your company as the Chief Compliance Officer. The company is a medium sized company based in Riyadh doing business in the construction industry. The CEO of the company is really concerned because the Company does not have a Compliance and Ethics Programme. The Company previously had difficult experiences in negotiating contracts with new clients and subcontractors.
The CEO asks you to propose a new Compliance and Ethics Programme to be discussed at next Board Meeting. The CEO also wants you to make proposals for a Corporate Governance of the company if this can facilitate the setting up of the new Compliance and Ethics Programme.
• Please draft a document detailing your proposed Compliance and Ethics Programme and a new a Corporate Governance structure.
• Explain the reasons for this new programme, the objectives and the legal background.
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Ethical Dilemma Case Study
Case Study 1
The first case presents a scenario where the company is in talks with the government of Vindalubia regarding the contract to construct a number of solar panels. In the course of the discussions, the Minister in the Ministry of Energy requests for payment of a “motivation fee” in order to facilitate the signature that will allow for awarding of the contract with the government in Vindalubia. The discussion below is presented to the company’s CEO as an explanation of whether or not the firm should pay the “motivation fee” requested by the minister, implications of actions, a legal view of the scenario, as well as a recommendation of the decision the firm should make.
The meaning of a “motivation fee”
The Minister, by asking for a “motivation fee”, is asking for something of value to them in exchange for the signature. In this case, the term fee implies something of monetary value i.e. legal tender, is expected to change hands. The sole purpose of the exchange being as a means to influence the Minister of Energy to carry out a given action, whether legal or otherwise. In this regard, therefore, the “motivation fee” is understood to be a bribe to influence the Minister to act in favor of the company by rewarding the tender to construct the solar panels in Vindalubia in exchange for a given amount of money.
Possible decisions and implications
Given the prevailing scenario, as well as the firm being in need of the contract, it is evident a decision is needed. The decision involves a choice of whether or not to present the Minister with the required “motivation fee”. Both choices have implications, and they ought to be addressed prior to making the decision. If the firm chooses to offer the Minister of Energy the requested “motivation fee”, they will outrightly have secured the contract. This, however, at the cost of breaking the law, and, therefore, exposing the firm to possible litigation arising from the illegitimate transaction…..
Case Study 2
The second case represents a scenario where the Government of Vindalubia has awarded the company a contract to construct solar panels. The firm has gone through the required process and signed the contract. However, in a bid to secure the contract, the company paid a “motivation fee” to facilitate the signature to award the contract as requested by the Minister of Energy in Vindalubia.
In spite of the payment of the “motivation fee” as agreed, the Government of Vindalubia terminated the contract a few months later. Below is a discussion that expounds on the scenario, shows a number of methods of solving the arising dispute, provides a legal perspective of the issues in the scenario, and provides recommendations on the choices and implications of the same.
The arising dispute and possible methods of resolving
The prevailing dispute regarding the given scenario between the company and the Minister of Energy in Vindalubia stems from the premature termination of the awarded contract to construct solar panels by the government. The firm may decide to address this dispute in a number of ways. Key among these is the use of contract law. This is the preferred approach proposed to the Chief Executive.
Possible decisions and implications
The use of contract law as proposed to the CEO of the company would suffice as an effective method of addressing the dispute between the company and the government. If the Chief Executive upholds this decision, the firm may choose either to handle the matter amicably between the parties involved out of court or to file a lawsuit. The lawsuit may serve to expose the illegitimate and unethical transaction between both parties involving the payment of a “motivation fee”. On the other hand, the amicable settlement may result in a much better result that favors both parties….
Case Study 3
The third case presents a scenario where the Chief Executive Officer has concerns over the lack of a Compliance and Ethics Program at the firm. The CEO tasks me, as the new Chief Compliance Officer at the company, to propose and develop a new compliance and ethics program for the firm.
Proposal for a new ethics and compliance program
For the most part, the ethics and compliance program is meant to provide general guidance on behavior, ethical standing, and following the prevailing rules. The introductory segment of the ethics and compliance program for the firm stipulates the need and importance of following all rules and regulations outlined in the various company statutes. In addition, the introduction section also outlines the individuals and stakeholders covered by the various codes of ethics and rules of conduct of the firm.
The ethics and compliance program outlines the offices where an aggrieved employee, distributor, supplier, or other stakeholder covered by the relevant rules is supposed to access help and have their concerns addressed. The ethics and compliance program outlines all the necessary laws that are to be adhered to strictly by all. In addition, the ethics and compliance program identifies and classifies all areas covered by the various policies. This allows for easier navigation and access to specific rules as needed.
Some areas of importance in the ethics and compliance program include the outlining of laws and regulations covering intellectual property, privacy, conflicts at the workplace, integrity and dealing fair, provision of equal opportunities, and laws that relate to safety, health, and the environment. These laws will relate to not only the firm, but must also fall within the legal framework established in Riyadh, and other laws that govern the operation of the construction industry in the country.
Proposal for corporate governance
The corporate governance section is meant to provide an overview of the managerial and staff structure of the firm and the roles of each level of authority. In addition, the corporate governance model delimits the communication structure regarding the information flow within the firm. This corporate governance structure ties in to the proposed ethics and compliance program by availing information about the flow of communication from the various managers.
In addition, the corporate governance helps by providing a representation of the various officials where a member of staff in the firm can access help about the various rules and regulations outlined in the ethics and compliance program…..
Ethical Dilemma Case Study
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Ethical Issues Analysis
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Case Analysis Book: Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues. 9th edition. Vincent Ruggiero Case 1: The Government pg 168 #5. A number of groups have urged restrictions on child labor. For example, they believe that no one under age 16 should be permitted to work in manufacturing; mining, agricultural and construction industries; that hours of work should be limited in all jobs for workers under the age of 18; and that no one under 21 should be allowed to have any contact with pesticides.
Question: Discuss the moral considerations attending this proposal.b. Identify the moral issues.
Identify the parties involved.
And infer their interests.
Discuss this case in terms of finding common ground in the diversity of interests you identify.
Case#2: pg108 #4e)
An English teacher in a two-year technical college has several students in his composition course whose ignorance of the English language has proved invincible. He has given them extra work and extra counseling from the first week of the semester. They have been diligent in their efforts to improve. Though they are in a construction technology program and will undoubtedly be employed in jobs that require little writing skill, the composition course is required for graduation. In the instructor’s judgement, the students would not be able to pass the course legitimately if they took it three times, so he raises their F grades to Ds.
Question: Identify the consequences of the action taken… and decide whether the action represented the greater good.
2. Identify the moral issues and the parties involved
3. Discuss the case with respect to the principle of utility…
4 …. Identify the benefits and burdens that pertain to the parties affected?
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Ethical Issues Analysis
Case 1
There are various moral issues involved in this case. The first moral issue is child labor. Child labor is considered a moral issue because it not only denies children their childhood but it could lead to potential harm both physically and mentally. Child labor robs children of dignity and also denies them the opportunity to develop normally and get an education (Tanveer, Manzar & Khan, 2016).
The second moral issue is poverty. It is notable that child labor is common among the poor who do not have access to adequate education and other life opportunities (Tanveer, Manzar & Khan, 2016). The government is responsible for addressing poverty as a moral issue instead of just issuing restrictions on child labor.
The parties involved in this case include the children and young adults aged below 21 years, the government, the groups lobbying for restriction of child labor and the companies employing the children in the various industries identified as being unfit for child labor.
Each of these parties has different interests. The children may not have any other choice but to work in order to earn a livelihood. This may be influenced by their backgrounds which do not allow them to live normal lives like other children such as going to school. The government may be under pressure to fight poverty in the country and by restricting child labor, the poverty burden is likely to increase.
This would lead to higher expenditure in taking care of such children. The lobby groups’ interests is to protect the rights of children from exploitation and harm from doing work that is inappropriate for their age, hence their lobbying activities. The hiring companies on the other hand may be benefiting from cheap child labor and may not be interested in eliminating it.
Finding a common ground would require the formulation of plausible solutions to each of the party interests identified. In this relation, the various interests need to be studied with consideration of how effectively they can be satisfied while eliminating the moral issue (Ruggiero, 2015). The government and the lobby groups must work with the families of the children to understand the reason why they are working at that age.
They should then develop strategies that would ensure that the children can be provided with what they need to live normal lives. Collaborating with hiring companies to consider hiring adult employees is also imperative and this may be achieved by government subsidies to reduce the cost of human capital incurred by the institutions. This should then be accompanied by sanctions to ensure that companies employing child labor are prosecuted. This way, they would stop relying on children for cheap labor…..
Ethical Issues Analysis
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Legal and Ethical Scenarios
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Legal and Ethical Scenarios
*Read the scenarios and the questions that follow. Answer Scenarios 1 and 2, and 6 and 7, for a total of four (4) scenarios.
*You must also provide an answer for the recommendations section. Identify and analyze the legal issue(s). Apply legal concepts and make potential arguments as directed using laws, cases, examples, and/or other relevant materials. Consider using short headings (consult APA materials) to separate the topics. Summarize the facts; do not copy the scenarios into the paper.
Support your answers with information from the textbook and at least four scholarly sources in addition to the textbook or course lectures. Prepare a paper that identifies the legal issues and potential solutions and answer all questions presented, supported by relevant legal authority. Do not exceed the page length by more than two pages.
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
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Overview:
Headquartered in Savannah, Georgia, ________________ operates two coffee shops in Georgia and one in Alabama. Approximately 30% of the employees work full time; however, ____________ primarily hires part-time employees as baristas, delivery drivers, cooks and dishwashers. The company experienced explosive growth over the last four years, but with the growth came increased legal issues. The owners seek your advice on the following legal and ethical issues.
*Scenario 1 – Business Organizations
Bailey Andrews and Danita Brown met while working at Starbucks and attending college in Georgia. Bailey studied business at South University, while Dania attended the Art Institute for culinary management. The two friends were tired of working for someone else and opened [SELECT A NAME FOR THE COFFEE SHOP] as a partnership after college. Now that the business has grown, the two partners are considering a new legal form for their business.
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
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*Analyze three types of business organizations Andrews and Brown might consider for their existing restaurant. Be sure to consider at least one limited liability option. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
*Select one type of business for Andrews and Brown and provide support for your choice.
*Select a name for the coffee shop and use it when answering the remaining scenarios.
*Scenario 2 – Employment Discrimination
Born in 1975, Juanita Mendoza immigrated from Mexico in 2005 and became a U.S. citizen in 2010. Mendoza speaks fluent English with a strong Hispanic accent. Her accent does not interfere with her ability to communicate with others. Mendoza worked as a cook and waitress for 20 years. Although she did not have any formal management experience, Mendoza applied for a shift manager’s job with [Restaurant Name]; however, she was not hired for the position. The restaurant currently employs 5 full time employees and 14 part time employees.
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
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*Analyze the possible grounds Mendoza might have for a discrimination lawsuit against [Restaurant Name].
*Provide support for each ground selected and then provide arguments that [Restaurant Name] could make to counter each claim.
*Explain how your answer might change if the restaurant only employs a total of 12 people.
*Scenario 6 – Liability on Negotiable Instruments
Andrews and Brown hired a bookkeeper, Jenice, and gave her general authority to issue company checks drawn on SunTrust Bank so that Jenice can pay employees’ wages and other company bills. Jenice decides to cheat her employers out of $10,000 by issuing a check payable to the Bayside Distributors, one of the suppliers of seafood and fresh local produce. Jenice does not intend for Bayside to receive any of the money, nor is Bayside entitled to the payment.
Jenice endorses the check in Bayside’s name and deposits the check in an account that she opened at Wells Fargo Bank in the name “Bayfood Dist. Co.” Wells Fargo accepts the check and collects payment from the drawee bank, SunTrust. SunTrust charges [Name of Restaurant] account $10,000. Denice transfers $10,000 out of the Bayside account and closes it. [Name of Restaurant] discovers the fraud and demands that the bank return the money.
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
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*Evaluate which party or parties bear the loss.
*Scenario 7 – Breach of Contract and Remedies
Andrews ordered 20 round tables to seat parties of two, 25 square tables to seat parties of four, 5 tables to seat larger parties and 175 chairs. The tables were specially ordered to contain the logo of the restaurant on the top of each table. Andrews paid for the entire shipment when placing the order; however, the supplier was responsible for making the shipping arrangements. The tables and chairs arrived three weeks later; however, five were scratched and damaged. Seven of the chairs were missing.
*Analyze the restaurant’s options related to the damaged tables and missing chairs. Be sure to address the applicability of the UCC to the transaction.
*Recommendations
Conclude your paper by justifying suggestions for [Restaurant Name] to help prevent future occurrences of these types of legal problems. Identify any ethical issues you find and present recommendations as applicable. Be specific in your recommendations.
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