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Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher Video
The major problems that can be identified from the home visit with Sallie Mae Fisher video, it is the social alienation of the patient, she is psychologically disturbed and with the lack of appetite the medicine will not be effective enough. She misses her husband a factor that increases the pain and the suffering that she is undergoing. She, however, points out that he used to smoke so often a factor that may be led to the condition that she is undergoing.
The discharge instructions have not been followed to the letter. There is no oxygen supply at the homestead since this was one of the discharging factors that would assist her to recover much faster at home. Lack of family to offer support also affects how the patient will cope with the ailment. The medications were not filled in time because her daughter works full time and she also has her issues to deal with.
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Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher Video
For the betterment of the patient, it is vital that some questions should be addressed to improve the health of the patient. The nurses should be aware of all the medicines that the patient should be taking at a given time. As evidenced, the patient mentioned that a nurse who has visited earlier didn’t assess the medications that were not available. Better and proper education should also be provided to the patient so that she can understand why some things are mandatory. Regarding the supply of oxygen in the house, she should be aware that the requirement is necessary, and it should be fixed immediately.
Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher Video
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Since the patient doesn’t have any family support, she should regularly be visited, or a nurse should permanently be at her home to guide her in the healing process. Psychologically, she should be involved in other activities that would make her concentrate on her health other than being psychologically being affected by those that she misses. The patient will be better if exercise is introduced into her life. Exercising rejuvenates an individual’s body energy, and this makes blood circulation to be efficient, and this will work well with the heart condition that she has.
Therapy and a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to the older people with heart conditions must be followed to the letter. It has been evidenced how effective the nurse visits have helped such kind of patients to cope with their conditions. Follow-ups by doctors and nurses are recommended, but they should be regular so that better techniques will be availed that will be used to improve the patient’s survival (Koelling et al. 2005)
Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher Video
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Dialogue
Nurse: “Good afternoon Sallae Mae, my name is Christine, and I will be your nurse today. I have learned that you are having issues with taking your medication?”
Mae: Yes I have not been consistently taking my drugs in the right procedure as prescribed, however sometimes I feel pain and headache all over my body that leads to lack of appetite, and how can I do it better nurse?”
Nurse: All the medications that you have been prescribed with have significance in your healing. Take them at the time prescribed so that your health will improve. In regards to the pain, body systems respond to the drug and they may cause such pain since they are fighting infections so that your body parts can function properly. I also realize that you do not have oxygen supply as indicated in the discharge prescription?
Mae: “True, I don’t want any oxygen in this house, I am just tired all I think about is my late husband, and recently I have no appetite. I am so depressed and I feel hopeless when I think of him”
Nurse: “That should not be the case mom; oxygen supply enables your breathing to be better and prevents polluted air into your systems. It will clean your lungs for healthy breathing and improve blood circulation. Be strong you need to allow your daughter to come and visit you to enable you reduce your loneliness. Hope you understand me, mom.”
Mae: “Yes I apparently don’t blame you, but I can’t stop thinking about him when my only daughter doesn’t have enough time to come and check on me, nurse.”
Nurse: “I have a solution to that, I will volunteer to be visiting you after every two days, and we start an exercise session so that you won’t be thinking about family members so much. I will also talk to your daughter to at least spare some hours and visit you. You will get better mom and all the best. I will visit you two days later and eat well never lose hope. Bye for now,”
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Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal
Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic):
Primary prevention/Health promotion is important in the reduction of the impact of chronic or deadly diseases on an individual in the community, in institutions and at the society level. Initiatives that develop and undertake the implementation of prevention programs at the primary level have not been evaluated with key scientific rigor (Lobb et al., 2013).
Health promotion helps in building structures that are supportive that help in empowering personal resources by maintaining health in its broad sense. The selection of the target group is based on the degree to which they are affected and the feasibility of reaching them effectively plus chances of achieving a profound and effects that are sustainable.
Nursing Diagnosis: an actual diagnosis will help in indicating how the community faces challenges concerning primary prevention for example, the deprivation of sleep. Undertaking a risk diagnosis helps in obtaining views on vulnerable conditions and the contributing factor for example, risk for shock.
In health, promotion diagnoses judge about the motivation of the community to actualize human life and desires to increase wellbeing for example their readiness to enhanced nutrition. The diagnoses are clustered if they occur together and addressed through similar interventions for example, a relocation stress syndrome.
Readiness for Learning: Factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target group.
The patients are able and tend to be motivated to process the new skills through exploration of new attitudes and behaviors. Also, there is a willingness of the patient or persons to engage in the teaching-learning process that comprise of the emotional readiness. The persons are not generally aware of the problem but, they are ready to act (Ali & Katz 2015). They think about the change but they have not yet taken any action
Learning Theory to Be Utilized: Explain how the theory will be applied.
The most preferred theory for the learning population is cognitive learning theory. The primary prevention phenomena will be analyzed into simpler components and studying the basic components of health promotion. This helps the target group in understanding a complex health phenomenon easily. The persons can organize and transform into a pattern what is being taught. It offers the three intellectual systems of an enactive, iconic and symbolic image of the training.
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Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal
Goal: Using Healthy People 2020 (HPP2020) Objective
The objective of promoting the quality of life and healthy development plus healthy life behaviors across all the stages of life is important in my teaching. The importance is that the community can be able to get exposed to health promotion through primary prevention on practicing healthy life practices. This also serves in educating on healthy practices in life to ensure that there is an epidemic or disease free society.
Relationship between the HP2020 and Alma Ata’s Health for all Global Initiatives
Alma Ata’s health for all global initiative included health workers with an aim of training them as one team to help in responding to the expressed health needs of the community. It also develops the ability of communities to participate through education and concerns itself with community participation and inter-sectored actions to make effective the existence of vertical integration in dealing with disease burden and shortages of workforce. The objective of promoting quality of life relates to this objective because they mainly aim at improving the human life and existence (Rusch et al., 2015).
Develop Behavioral Objectives (Including Domains), Content, and Strategies/Methods:
Behavioral Objective and Domain
Content (be specific)
Strategies/Methods (label and describe) .
1. The learners will be able to construct treatment and preventive plans for diabetic patients to contain avoiding certain food (cognitive)
1. Avoid food that contains much sugar and continuously do body exercises to remain healthy
1. Present diagrams through the projector of specified and prescribed food to help in the primary prevention of diseases. Allow the learners to ask and present opinions on their varied diets
2. The learners will be able to demonstrate their commitment to promoting the presentation of the case by asking for feedback on the presentation (affective domain)
2. Ways of offering first aid in case of the affected patient or dealing with the desease
2. Practical presentation on the recovery positions and do a mock test to determine the learners’ ability to assist during critical occasions
3. The learners will be able to calibrate on using a first aid kit before performing the actual process of helping patients and undertaking primary prevention (psychomotor domain)
3. Ensure the first aid kit is well equipped with essential drugs that help in basic diseases that affect the community
3. Prescribe on drugs through demonstration that are essential in first aid and give access to the local medical centers within their locality by providing emergency assistance numbers
4. The learners will have to demonstrate on how to reduce the impacts and curb water pollution in their community (cognitive domain)
4. Put in measures such as, drinking clean and safe water
4. Practical presentations on basic healthy living such as, water treatment and ensuring hygiene when handling foodstuffs
Creativity: How was creativity applied in the teaching methods/strategies?
There was fluency, flexibility and uniqueness followed indicated by the following of the teaching instruments. Creativity was ensured through the involvement of the learners to give their views on the primary prevention (Ali & Katz 2015). Including the use of health models and use of past experiences brought in the concept of creativity. The various domains of the behavioral objectives greatly influenced the learner responses.
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Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal
Planned Evaluation of Objectives (Outcome Evaluation): Ways to measure each objective
In the cognitive objective of developing treatment and preventive plans will be measured through their readiness to help in orally presenting a new patient’s case
The learners will be able to orally present a case of a patient in a manner that is logical while observing chronology in the development of the current disease. (specific)
The learners can be able to prepare appropriate new patient workups (general)
The learners will be able to summarize the pertinent positive and negative findings while undertaking a differential diagnosis and plans for testing and treatment further (cognitive)
Planned Evaluation of Goal: Overall Effectiveness of the teaching plan.
Feedback can be collected from the learners concerning the clarity of the stated primary prevention or health promotion. Peer evaluation can also be undertaken through the teaching mutual or one way evaluation of teaching observation.
Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher (Process Evaluation):
Evaluate on the things that went well in the learning process and why they went well. Evaluation is also done on the problems encountered and why. What could I have done differently? What I learned from the experience and how it could help me in future.
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Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal
Barriers: Potential Barriers during teaching
The learners might not have enough confidence in the teacher but this can be handled through the avoidance of prejudice and acting professionally. The learners could possibly lack motivation but explaining the terms broadly encourages them. Also, the learners could possibly lack attention or enough time. The teaching can be scheduled in hours when the learners are free to attend.
Communication: The presentation process from “Hook” to the end of the presentation and non-verbal techniques
The use of facial expressions and signs helps in stressing the concepts of primary prevention. The presentation can begin with question and answer sessions and end with flashbacks on the topic and presentation from some of the learners on their understanding of the presentation.
Rusch, D., Frazier, S. L., & Atkins, M. (2015). Building capacity within community-based organizations: New directions for mental health promotion for Latino immigrant families in urban poverty. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(1), 1-5.
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Safe guarding in health and social care
Reasons particular people are more vulnerable to abuse and harm self and others
A vulnerable group includes peoples who are eligible or are in receipt of community care. This includes people with physical disabilities, learning disabilities, and people with cognitive deficits, people who are frail physically and mentally. Drug addicts and alcoholics are also identified as vulnerable group. These people are generally weak and are unable to defend themselves from harm or abuse and therefore need safe guarding in health and social care.
In this context, abuse refers to the violation of a person’s human rights as well as their civil rights by another stronger being. Abuse takes many forms including sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and psychological abuse, physical, financial or institutional abuse (Callewaert, 2011). Some of the signs and symptoms include unexplained injuries and frequent illnesses. If the care giver gives implausible injuries explanation is an indicator of neglect or physical abuse.
Other indicators include frequent ER visits for vulnerable people with chronic diseases or if the functionally impaired vulnerable person comes to the hospital without any company (Podnieks, Penhale, Goergen, Biggs & Han, 2010).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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Sexual abuse includes all sexual practices where the vulnerable people have not given consent such as rape, sexualised language and inappropriate touching. Physical abuse includes pushing, pulling, burning, forcefully restraining a person and misusing their medication. Psychological abuse includes all activities that cause a person to have emotional distress such as verbal abuse, humiliation, intimidation and harassment.
Financial abuse includes stealing from the person, fraud and resource exploitation. Neglect is a type of abuse that involves denying the vulnerable person the adequate medical and social care (Alexandra Hernandez-Tejada, Amstadter, Muzzy & Acierno, 2013).
In discrimination type of abuse, the person is treated in unfavourable manner due to their gender, age, type of disability and ethnic background. Lastly, the institutional abuse includes failing to give services to the vulnerable person due to reason to another.
It is important to note that abuse can take place in various settings including the vulnerable person’s homes, nursing homes, state facilities, and at the hospitals. The main issue is early identification of abuse. This is because of the many abuse of the vulnerable people, only a small fraction of them is detected (Ansello & O’Neill, 2010).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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The vulnerable groups are at risk of self-harm and abuse mainly because they often dependent of care givers to manage their daily activities such as dressing, bathing and in the maintenance of their personal hygiene. Additionally, these people tend to have little ability to utilize their self-defence tactics or mechanisms to avoid violence. It is also commonly assumed that these people with disability do not comprehend what is happening to them; hence, even when the persons disclose what has happened to them, they are often not believed. The following are the reasons why the some people are vulnerable to abuse and self-harm.
One of the reasons for vulnerability of the special group is the issue of dependency. The special group are more vulnerable if they are dependent to other people for daily activities. Evidence base studies reports that 97%-99% of the people who abuse the vulnerable individuals are care givers and trusted individuals, and it is estimated that 44% of the victims relate to the persons extent of disability. In most cases, the abuse may not be reported because of fear of the vulnerable person’s safety, shock, and reluctance of the witnesses to get involved or in breaking the silence code (Callewaert, 2011).
Communication abilities are other reasons why vulnerable individuals are prone to abuse or self-harm. The vulnerable person may lack means of communicating to others about their abuse. This could be due to poor articulation and lack of effective expressive skills. In some cases, the vulnerable person may need assistive devices to communicate which could be lost, taken away or even become misplaced, hindering communication between the abused person and the person in charge.
In some cases, the vulnerable may lack enough resources (in terms of monetary), which can be used to replace the faulty or lost communication devices. This is worse of the person is physically unable to move due to the nature of their disability, which would make themselves unable to move or run way from the abusive situation. In adequate resources will make the individual person run away from the abuser or terminate their services (Podnieks, Penhale, Goergen, Biggs & Han, 2010).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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Other reasons that are associated with increased vulnerability include social isolation where the vulnerable person lives in over protected environments. The lack of physical access makes the vulnerable individual lack skills to communicate to the community that they are suffering. The presence of misleading roles as well as expectations in the society can make the abused individual remain silent, increasing risk of abuse.
For instance, the vulnerable groups are normally advised to be submissive and compliant, and are not support to question their authority. This lack of social exposure could make the vulnerable person to continue to suffer (Podnieks, Penhale, Goergen, Biggs & Han, 2010).
Stigmatization, discrimination and stereotyping are other reasons why the vulnerable persons continue to be abused. For instable, the disable people may be discriminated in their work environments. Most of the discrimination cases in the justice systems are often dismissed, denying the vulnerable discriminated individuals their human and civil rights. It is often believed that the vulnerable people such as the disabled are asexual.
People believe that the disabled people (for instance) cannot hold intimate relationships. It is also commonly assumed that the vulnerable people intellect is compromised. This makes it difficult for people to believe their abuse complaints. In incidences where the vulnerable persons have signs and symptoms of abuse, the abuser may quickly claim that they are self-inflicted, putting the vulnerable person to greater risks of abuse and sexual assaults (Hawkes, 2015).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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Risk factors which may lead to incidents of abuse and harm self and others
As mentioned above, vulnerable groups of people are likely to face abuse from their care givers. Risk factors sometimes can be correlated with causes or causatives of abuse of the vulnerable persons. In some cases, the risk factors could also be the risk indicators of the confounders that influence the causal factors on abuse of the vulnerable group.
For instance, care givers mental status such as depression is causal factors that lead to abuse of the disabled or elderly persons; it is also a risk indicator that this kind of care giver is likely to neglect the disabled or the elderly persons because the care giver is socially withdrawn or lack of interests associated with depression (Hawkes, 2015). Another example of causal relationship is that of shared living with vulnerable person’s abuse.
Therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors that are associated with abuse incidences as they help in identifying indicator of abuse or maltreatment. To begin with, the health status of the person influences how the person will be treated. The vulnerable group have reduced decision making ability due to their reduced cognitive functionality. Additionally, the dynamic health status and restricted mobility makes it difficult for the vulnerable person to seek refuge or rescue. The reduced energy levels in these people reduce their ability to perform daily living activities or become independent (Callewaert, 2011).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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The living arrangement has also been identified as a risk factor for abuse. Vulnerable people living alone are likely to be less physically abused. One study conducted indicated that Alzheimer patients living with their immediate families were more likely to be abused. This is because shared residence tends to increase their contact opportunities with the care givers and relatives, hence increasing the rusk for abuse or violent behaviour.
In nursing home settings, abuse of the vulnerable groups is likely to take place if the standards of the nursing home are low, the settings have inadequate staff. Interactions between untrained staff and the vulnerable groups living in these home care settings. In most cases, these home care settings have deficient physical environments and the policies in these institutions are based on the homecare settings interests instead of the vulnerable groups (Hawkes, 2015).
Cultural factors are key determinants of abuse on the vulnerable people. For instance, in some cultures, domestic violence is viewed as illegitimate and is most likely hidden. This is because if family friends, neighbours and kin learn of the behaviour, they are likely to result in informal sanctions. In this case, person’s abuse is likely to be hidden from the society and the relevant authority.
Other cultural factors include the general assumptions that vulnerable people are weak, dependent and weak. In some cultures, there has been erosion of bonds between the generations; especially where young people have migrated to the urban centres in communities where the elderly people are cared for by their young ones. The elderly people are left alone and become socially isolated (Callewaert, 2011).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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The intra-individual characteristic of the abusers is another risk factor for patient abuse. If the care giver suffers from psychotic disorders or is using substance use; then it is likely that the care giver will mistreat the vulnerable person. The type of abuser dependency is another risk factor that determines if the vulnerable will be abused or not. The risk of abuse is higher if the vulnerable person depends financially on the care giver.
The study indicates that caregivers may lack coping strategies or lack resilience. This is often associated depression and increased anxiety. In some cases, the perspectives of the care givers determine their attitudes. Aggressive and abuse caregivers believe that the care giving on these vulnerable persons as burdensome without any reward (Podnieks, Penhale, Goergen, Biggs & Han, 2010).
The intra-individual characteristics of the victims also increase risk of abuse. One study conducted in Netherlands found that victim’s verbal and physical aggression influenced how they would be treated by the care givers. The study also indicated that financial mistreatment of the care givers can make them become aggressive. Several studies have associated gender as a risk factor for abuse; which reports higher number of victims with adults. The study indicates that women tend to have more emotional and physical abuse as compared to males.
The relationship between the perpetrator and the victim has been investigated. Although the study findings in inconclusive, it is believed that the most of the abusers are spouses of the victims. Other studies have reported race or ethnicity as the key concern; but the study findings cannot be generalized (“Older people have high risk of suicide after self-harm”, 2012).
Safe guarding in health and social care
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Other risk factors mentioned include the intergenerational transmission. Research indicates that adults who had undergone child maltreatment, neglect and abuse are likely to maltreat or harm others. Similarly, social factors play a major role as risk factors for abuse of vulnerable individuals.
Poverty, unemployment and low socioeconomic status increases the likelihood of the vulnerable groups to be maltreated or abused; especially if poverty interacts with other social factors such as depression, drug use and social isolation. This could lead to aggression of the care giver on the vulnerable persons (Parle, Kaura, Sethi & Jena, 2013).
References
Alexandra Hernandez-Tejada, M., Amstadter, A., Muzzy, W., & Acierno, R. (2013). The National Elder Mistreatment Study: Race and Ethnicity Findings. Journal Of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 25(4), 281-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2013.770305
Ansello, E., & O’Neill, P. (2010). Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation: Considerations in Aging With Lifelong Disabilities. Journal Of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 22(1-2), 105-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08946560903436395
Callewaert, G. (2011). Preventing and Combating Elder Mistreatment in Flanders (Belgium): General Overview. Journal Of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 23(4), 366-374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2011.608059
Hawkes, N. (2015). Young goths may be more vulnerable to depression and self harm, study finds. BMJ, h4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4643
Parle, M., Kaura, S., Sethi, N., & Jena, P. (2013). ROLE OF MEDIA IN SAFE GUARDING HEALTH OF THE SOCIETY. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 4(10), 16-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.041005
Podnieks, E., Penhale, B., Goergen, T., Biggs, S., & Han, D. (2010). Elder Mistreatment: An International Narrative. Journal Of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 22(1-2), 131-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08946560903436403
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Comments and Constructive Criticism
Article Reviews.
Article 1.
Excellent study! Organization project management (OPM), is a platform that defines the company portfolios, programs and projects. OPM is the primary factor that ensures that projects align with the company’s long term strategic plan and that the projects undertaken by the firm are supervised and managed as a single entity and does not interfere with each other.
Project management is one of the factors that leads to an organization growth and development. To have a successful project, the firm must integrate its culture, innovation, organization structure, strategic plans and the portfolio management. In addition, the shareholders must be the ones spearheading the projects process by overseeing the top management responsibilities and how they are able to communicate the process or the development of the project within the company, (Kerzner, pg.87, 2013).
For the project to be successful, the company must come up with a good budget that aims to finance the project to completion.This goes hand in hand with the shareholders defining on how the project is to be financed and the project proposed must be congruent with the company’s vision and its long term strategic objectives and goals.
Project managers should seek consensus on the selection of the projects, discussion from the company ideas through the innovative processes to the completion of the project. This do include the pre development of the project, development activities and commercialization activities of an individual project.
Companies must create an innovative environment within the organization. This helps the employees to be part of new implementation of the company process and it also encourages new ways of thinking and hence new skills are innovated. Without this platform, any implementation of company changes may lead to the failure of the company’s projects since the employees have not brought up to speed with the processes.
Comments and Constructive Criticism
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Article 2.
All projects that are launched by companies do not meet all the necessary success criteria. Most of them are affected by the customers’ taste and preferences and if it fails to align with their needs, the project may fail. It is argued that having chaotic requirements and constructions reworks in between the project life cycle, the project definitely fails.
Company projects that have a good starting point, well organized and planned stages, and a forecasted end point are believed to be successful. When the firm has a credible project that is well organized and planned and there is the stakeholders’ intervention from the start point to end point, the project is forecasted to be successful.
Comments and Constructive Criticism
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To ensure this, the top management must take into consideration the project schedule, project scope, support from the top managers, support of the customers, tasks that are technical, acceptance by the clients, monitoring and feedback, communication and trouble shooting. For this to happen, the company should consider the hand off process that ensure the project transition from the inception-to-order, (ITO). In addition, integration of all the aspects of project management should be exercised in order to guarantee a successful project.
The company top management needs to implement flexible and durable changes that aims to meet the company long term objectives and goals. The company will have to implement changes like stage gate model that will help the project manager to be able to scope the project, build the business case for the product, design the project, testing and validating the product and finally taking the product to the operation phase.
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Quantitative Financial Plan
Introduction
A budget is a quantitative financial plan for a specified period of time. The financial plan includes sales volumes, expenses, resource quantities, liabilities, assets and cash flows. The budget provides the details for strategic management (O’Hoyt, 2014). Budgets assist in financial planning of the actual business or production of certain products (Williams, Haka, Bettner & Carcello, 2008) Budgets also coordinate different organizational activities and also control resources, provide transparency and accountability (Bragg, 2010).
Budgets, financial plan are also used to forecast the requirement of future financial needs of the company. The financial performance of a company can also be analyzed by comparing the actual budget from the standard budgeted. The variance analysis provides the management with enough information to reorganize its operations and also to investigate any losses that may not have been anticipated (Bragg, 2010).
Cash budget on a monthly basis for six months ending June 30th 2016
Sharp 6 Months Cash Budget Ending June 2016
Details
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Sales
247500
262500
277500
277500
360000
360000
Wages ( 6 employees)
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
Jones Salary (Director)
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
Purchases
256500
222300
199500
222300
256500
273600
Other Expenses
1060
5300
5300
5300
5300
4240
Loan Repayments
3250
3250
3250
7844
7844
7844
Total Expenses
274240
244280
221480
248874
283074
299114
Net Income
-26740
18220
56020
28626
76926
60886
Balance B/fwd
7844
-18896
-676
55344
83970
160896
balance C/Fwd
-18896
-676
55344
83970
160896
221782
The net income is a loss of 26,740 in January 2016 while the balance brought forward for the same period reduces the amount carried forward to a loss of 18896. The highest sales are expected in the months of May and June. The total purchases as a percentage of sales adds up to 80.2% of the total sales. The director’s salary is 2% of the total sales. Loan repayments total to 1.86% of the total sales.
The total expenses are estimated to 88% of the total sales (Garrison, Noreen & Brewer, 2009). That means that the Net income expected is just about 12%. The financial performance trends for the budget are shown on the table below. In February 2016 the total sales would grow by 6.06% whereas in March the same year the total sales would grow by 5.71%. There sales growth would be zero in the months of April and June.
But in May 2016 the sales would grow by 29.73%. The expected cost of purchases is also expected to in February and March by 13.33 and 10.26%. For the remaining months the cost of purchases would increase by 11.43%, 15.38% and 6.67% for the months of April, May and June (Aranya, 1990).
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Cash budget for six months ending June 30th 2016 with 15% sales reduction in final three months
When the total budget is adjusted downwards by 15% of the total sales for the last three months as forecasted below;
The sales would decrease from 277500 to 235875 in April while in May and June the sales would decrease from 360,000 for both May and June to 306000 for both months. These reductions would result in reduction of net income with approximately the same percentage.
The total net income for April would be a loss of 12,999 from the initial amount of 28626 before the 15% reduction. In May and June it would amount to 76926 and 60886 compared to the net amount after the 15% reduction which amounted to 22926 and 6886 (Garrison, Noreen & Brewer, 2009).
Sharp 6 Months Cash Budget Ending June 2016
Details
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Sales
247500
262500
277500
235875
306000
306000
Wages ( 6 employees)
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
Jones Salary (Director)
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
Purchases
256500
222300
199500
222300
256500
273600
Other Expenses
1060
5300
5300
5300
5300
4240
Loan Repayments
3250
3250
3250
7844
7844
7844
Total Expenses
274240
244280
221480
248874
283074
299114
Net Balance
-26740
18220
56020
-12999
22926
6886
Balance B/fwd
7844
-18896
-676
55344
42345
65271
balance C/Fwd
-18896
-676
55344
42345
65271
72157
When the sales are reduced by 15%, the total sales in May and June would decrease from 360,000 to 306,000 for both months (Hermanson, Edwards, & Invacevich, 2011). The most notable trend is that the total amounts that would be carried forward would register a higher margin of growth when the sales are decreased by 15% (Anderson and Sedatole, 2013).
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Sales Reduced By 15%
Sharp 6 Months Cash Budget Ending June 2016 Trend Analysis
Details
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Sales
6.06
5.71
-15.00
29.73
0.00
Wages ( 6 employees)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Jones Salary (Director)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Purchases
-13.33
-10.26
11.43
15.38
6.67
Other Expenses
400.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-20.00
Loan Repayments
0.00
0.00
141.35
0.00
0.00
Total Expenses
-10.92
-9.33
12.37
13.74
5.67
Net Income
-168.14
207.46
-123.20
-276.37
-69.96
Balance B/fwd
-340.90
-96.42
-8286.98
-23.49
54.14
balance C/Fwd
-96.42
-8286.98
-23.49
54.14
10.55
The recommendation to the management is that the forecasted budget presents a profitable future for the company and should be implemented as all the purchases and all other expenses would have been paid off by the second month even when the sales are reduced by 15%. However, the cost of sales is very high and should be reduced (White, Sondhi and Fried, 1997). The net income margin of 12% is too small.
When the sales are reduced by 15%, the purchases would increase by 11.43% in April while in May and June purchases would also decrease by 15.38% and 6.67% respectively. Total expenses however would increase by 12.37% in April and 13.74% in May while in June total expenses amounted to 5.67%.
The net income would reduce by 12.2 percent in April while in May and June the Net income would reduce by 278.37% and 69.96% compared to the increase in initial Net Income of 168.73% and a reduction of 20.85% in May and June respectively. The increment of 10.55% after a reduction of 15% compares relatively to the initial increment of 37.84% on the total balance carried forward (White, Sondhi and Fried, 1997).
Sharp 6 Months Cash Budget Ending June 2016
Details
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Totals
% of Sales
Sales
247500
262500
277500
277500
360000
360000
1785000
Wages ( 6 employees)
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
7830
46980
2.63193277
Jones Salary (Director)
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
33600
1.88235294
Purchases
256500
222300
199500
222300
256500
273600
1430700
80.1512605
Other Expenses
1060
5300
5300
5300
5300
4240
26500
1.48459384
Loan Repayments
3250
3250
3250
7844
7844
7844
33282
1.86453782
Total Expenses
274240
244280
221480
248874
283074
299114
1571062
88.0146779
Net Balance
-26740
18220
56020
28626
76926
60886
213938
12
Balance B/fwd
7844
-18896
-676
55344
83970
160896
288482
balance C/Fwd
-18896
-676
55344
83970
160896
221782
502420
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Conclusions and recommendations
To conclude, the growth in total sales would continue to increase throughout the rest of the year as predicted by the trend hence the future of the business is very bright. The company should continue and implement the budget as planned. The total sales amounted to 2.6% of the budgeted sales while purchases were the highest expenses and it amounted to 80.2% of the total sales.
Loan repayments amounted to 1.9% of the sales. The company would remain profitable as long its operational costs don’t exceed the 80.2% range. The reduction in sales by 15% would result in a reduction of 69.96% in net income (Allaboutbudgets, 2015).
References
Anderson, SW & Sedatole, KL 2013. ‘Evidence on the cost hierarchy: The association between resource consumption and production activities’. Journal of Management Accounting Research (25): 119-141.
Aranya, N 1990. ‘Budget instrumentality, participation and organizational effectiveness’, Journal of Management Accounting Research (2): 67-77.
Garrison, R, Noreen, W & Brewer, P 2009. Managerial Accounting. McGraw-Hill Irwin New York.
Hermanson, RH, Edwards, JD & Invacevich, SD 2011. Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective. First Global Text Edition, Volume 2 Managerial Accounting, 37-73. McGraw Hill. Boston.
White, G, Sondhi, A. & Fried, D 1997. The Analysis and Use of financial statements, Wiley Press. New York. Williams, JR, Haka, SF, Bettner, MS. & Carcello, JV 2008. Financial & Managerial Accounting, McGraw-Hill Irwin. Boston
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Patient satisfaction from Quality Improvement
Constant Quality improvement and patient contentment focuses on activities conducted within the healthcare institution to ensure that health care is patient-centered and good health is acknowledged as an integral part of the medical evaluation. Nursing leadership and management must put into consideration the quality and satisfaction of their patients and the health care as a whole.
Continuous Quality Improvement and Patient satisfaction are established as an efficient partnership between the medical practitioner, their patients and family. They ensure that patients are granted the standardized medical attention, their needs and want are respected and that they acquire the best support and direction in making a decision and practicing medical care. Every nurse leader and manager must consider directing their effort towards establishing quality care and patient satisfaction (McFadden, et al., 2014).
Nursing leaders and managers have different responsibilities and roles when it comes to ensuring continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction. Subsequently, when focusing on continuous quality improvement this paper will concentrate on factors that ensure health care services are offered at a quality standard and the health environment is well established and cared for effectively. On the other hand, patient satisfaction is based on how patient receive quality service and care. It is structured to ensure that staff care and patient care are well established and maintained in any healthcare institution.
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In light of this continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction, the essay will offer a comparison between nursing leaders and managers through supportive theories, rationale, principles, skills and roles.
Comparison between Health Manager and Nursing Leader
Dissimilarity
Nursing leaders and nursing managers have different roles, responsibility, and skills when it comes to ensuring continuous quality improvement and patient safety. Their distinction can be defined through how each corresponds to their department in ensuring quality health and patient care. While nursing leaders acquire their roles through their ability to lead, influence and motivate others to perform better, managers are appointed into their positions officially and hence play the role of overseeing activities and processes within the facility (Meehan, 2012).
In regard of Continuous Quality improvement and patient satisfaction, nursing leaders are likely to approach the matter of constant eminence development as well as patient satisfaction in distinct ways. One of the basic dissimilarities between nursing leaders and managers can be attributed to their roles. Nursing managers are responsible for direct patient care. They ensure that all the patients in a medical institution attain the medical attention and care they deserve by ensuring that all protocols are observed and that required resources are availed.
On the contrary, leaders play a motivational and individual development role, with an objective of encouraging others to perform their duties effectively. They keep vigilance on the issues and concerns of their patients to ensure that their safety and care is given priority. Through nursing leaders, staff can see quality improvement and patient satisfaction as a moral issue that will guarantee the happiness of patients and thus work towards achieving this objective. This is as opposed to managers who expect quality improvement and satisfaction through following set rules and expectations (Thompson, 2006).
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Nursing leaders play the role of streamlining the institution’s workforce as well as ensuring that the resources allocated are effectively used to achieve the organization’s objectives. This means that to ensure continuous quality improvement, nursing leaders would work towards ensuring that available resources are optimized to bring out maximum impact and enhance patient satisfaction (McFadden, et al, 2014).
Managers on the other hand would promote continuous quality improvement and satisfaction by promoting resource allocation and providing an appropriate working environment. They are in charge of medical staff and patient welfare at large in ensuring continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction. Moreover, it is the duty of the manager to offer the nursing leader a viable platform through which they can conduct quality service to their patients. Thus, the manager plays an overall duty in ensuring health quality and patient care compared to a nursing leader whose primary focus is to their patient health and concern (Fleishman, 2002).
Manager skills ensure continuous quality improvement and patient safety through striking a balance coordinating resources, financial matters, and personnel in healthcare. Furthermore, the managers are responsible for ensuring goals and objective such as ensuring quality patient care are achieved. On the other hand, the nursing leader exhibits different responsibilities and skills in establishing continuous quality improvement and patient safety.
Nursing leaders must establish good communication and interpersonal relationships and expertise with their patient, staff, and other clients of the medical facilities. They are also responsible for empowering, motivating, inspiring and encouraging other towards achieving and establishing quality service and care.
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On the contrast, it can be established that managers envision the future for medical operation and create a path towards productivity and efficiency. The manager is in charge of growth and opportunities in healthcare to ensure new medical staffing are accounted and quality service in rendered throughout the season. However, nursing leaders are different as they do not have the power figure but can envisage socio-adaptive component that helps ensure a good relationship between the patients and the clinical staff. The nursing leader is task oriented and conducted their duty with the aim of offering their patients and clients a favorable environment.
Similarity
Despite their numerous dissimilarities, nursing leaders and managers share some equal responsibility and characteristics to establish continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction. Both of them are responsible for ensuring job satisfaction for their clients. Managers can act as motivators and risk takers same applies to nursing leaders who take risk and chances to provide quality improvement and patient satisfactory (Thompson, 2006).
Additionally, managers, just like nursing leaders, are enforcing work unity and envision goals. They all strive towards cohesion at the health institution and encourage mutual tolerance in health care to boost quality and satisfactory service. Their duty is to maintain a conducive working environment comply with the various demand and obligation in ensuring continuous quality improvement and patient satisfactory is retained in the health care.
Both managers and nursing leaders are a representative of each group or unit they lead and hence act as role models. They are therefore expected to possess qualities that do not contradict their position and value. They should maintain a high standard of professionalism that is acceptable within their jurisdiction and adhere to different roles, responsibility, and accountability.
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Personal and Professional Philosophy of Nursing
The most appropriate personal and professional philosophy than can be considered in this case is accountability. Nursing is a calling and is held to high professional standards and obligations hence the need to show a high level of accountability (Meehan, 2012). Nevertheless, when dealing with a patient, nurses, and medical practitioners take their lives in their own hands, making them responsible for any outcome and consequences that their patients might face.
Hence, it is recommended for a nurse to exhibit a high standard of accountability. They should not be limited from performing their duties with utmost care and accountability based on self-esteem, belief or negativity.
Accountability is suitable for personal leadership skills as it helps to build self-responsibility, improve tolerance and acceptance. It also fosters competence, determination and goal orientation within an individual. Being accountable is also being responsible for others. This means one is able to take the risk for the sake of saving and helping others.
It is also suitable for personal leadership skills as it improves personal relationships, communication skills and fosters social engagement with other people. Accountability can therefore be perceived as effective in promoting personal and public relationships with other people in the healthcare institution.
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References
Fleishman, R. (2002). The RAF method for regulation, assessment, follow-up and continuous improvement of quality of care: Conceptual framework. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 15(6), 303-310. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/229598851?accountid=45049
McFadden, K. L., Lee, J. Y., Gowen, Charles R., I.,II, & Sharp, B. M. (2014). Linking quality improvement practices to knowledge management capabilities. The Quality Management Journal, 21(1), 42-58. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1503666127?accountid=45049
Meehan, T. C. (2012). The Careful Nursing philosophy and professional practice model. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(19/20), 2905-2916. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04214.x
Thompson, J. M. (2006). Nurse managers’ participation in management training and nursing staffs’ job satisfaction and retention (Order No. 3230066). Available from ABI/INFORM Complete. (304937671). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304937671?accountid=45049
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Social Stigma of the Mentally Ill
Angermeyer, M. C., Holzinger, A., Carta, M. G. & Schomerus, G. (2011). Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: systematic review of population studies. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 199 (5); 367-372.
Aim; investigating if mental illness’ biogenetic causal attributions were linked to more tolerant attitudes in the general public, and if such attributions were connected to lower responsibility and guilt perceptions due to social stigma. There was also an exploration of the extent to which responsibility notions were linked to rejection of the mentally ill people. Finally, evaluating how prevalent responsibility notions were in the general public in relation to various mental disorders.
Research design; systematic review of population studies that were representative. There was an examination of the attitudes towards the mentally ill as well as the beliefs about the disorders.
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Key research findings/ recommendations; biogenetic causal models should cease being used to reduce rejection of the mentally ill. biogenetic causal attributions are not linked to attitudes that are more tolerant but are connected to stronger rejection (schizophrenia), social stigma. The self-responsibility stereotype was not connected to rejection. Mental disorder’s public images are more dominated by dangerousness and unpredictability stereotypes. Responsibility is minimally relevant.
Strengths and weaknesses; there was use of an adequate number of studies. However, there is no mention of what can be used instead of the biogenetic causal models.
Deacon, B. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 846-861. Aim; the study aimed at exploring the biopsychosocial model that is often neglected in studying mental disorders.
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Research design; a scientific approach was used to investigate the speculations.
Key research findings/ recommendations; in America, the healthcare system has been dominated by the biologically-focused strategy to practice, policy, and science for over three decades. Within this period, there has been a rise in the psychiatric medications use. Moreover, mental conditions have been more commonly seen as brain diseases that result from chemical imbalances which can be corrected using disease-specific drugs.
Regardless of the widespread hope in the neuroscience’s potential of revolutionizing mental health practice, evidence shows that the biomedical model broadly lacked clinical innovation. It was also characterized by mental health impacts that were very poor. The biomedical paradigm profoundly has affected clinical psychology through drug trial methodology adoption in psychotherapy research.
Regardless of the fact that that this approach has brought about the development of psychological treatments that are empirically supported for different mental diseases, it ignores the treatment process inhibits dissemination and treatment innovation, and resulted to the classification of this field along practitioner and scientist lines.
Strengths and weaknesses; noteworthy, the researchers recommend the biopsychosocial mode as the appealing biomedical approach’s alternative. In addition, there is advice on the need for a public and honest dialogue regarding the utility and validity of the common biomedical paradigm.
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Key research findings/ recommendations; regardless of the fact that biogenetic explanations might soften public stigma through diminishing blame, they escalate it through inducing avoidance, pessimism as well as the belief that those affected are unpredictable and dangerous. Such explanations might also induce helplessness and pessimism among the affected people and minimizes the empathy the treating clinicians often feel for them.
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Strengths and weaknesses; it is recommendable for the authors to mention that they interpreted the findings in the light of the social psychology research in relation to mechanistic and essentialist thinking. However, a lot more studies need to be conducted so as to explain many aspects that this study does not touch on.
Aim; the aim of this study was contrasting mental illness’ medicalized conceptualization with the psychologizing mental illness. It also examined the consequences of sticking to one model as opposed to the other for social stigma and help seeking.
Research design
There was used of survey research approach. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in a representative sample that consisted of a general population from Belgium. The vignette technique was essential for depecting schizophrenia. Te disease view, labeling processes, and causal attributions were addressed. Data analysis was through linear and logistic regression models using SPSS Statistics 19.
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Key research findings/ recommendations; mental illness’ medicalization requires a package deal, that is, the disease view’s application to promote medical treatment recommendations, and biopsychosocial causal attributions. Labeling triggers stigmatizing attitudes. General medical care is recommended by those who prefer the biopsychosocial approach while specialized medical care is recommended by those who use the disease view.
In relation to informal help, those that use the biopsychosocial model rarely recommend consulting friends compared to those who prefer the psychosocial model. Those who use the medical label barely recommend self care. Those who use the medical model are likely to exclude others socially, especially those that have undergone through psychiatric treatment.
Strengths and weaknesses
There is a clear comparison between different model but the results are limited to the Belgians.
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Flybe vs Ryanair Company Review
Introduction
Flybe Group Plc is a company that is in the airline business. This organization came to existence in the year 1979. Flybe Group Plc was initiated when two companies, Intra Airways and Express Air Services came together for business (Flybe, 2015). It is worth noting that this company operates in many places and has a number of subsidiaries. This company has its domicile in Exeter and is known to be quite affordable since its cost is set at the lowest levels possible.
Interestingly, Flybe Group Plc has been able to make its name as the regional airline to go for despite the presence of many others. The company has been able to trade in the London Stock Exchange with other listed companies (London Stock Exchange, 2015).
Current performance
Currently, the performance of the company is worse than that of the previous year. From the income statement, it is quite clear that the group’s revenue dipped from 620.5 million pounds to 574.1 million pounds. This means that the group has not been able to generate as much revenue as it did in the year that ended in March 2014.
Compared to another player in the same industry revenue wise; Ryanair, the performance of Flybe Group Plc is bad. This is because from the income statement of Ryanair, the total revenue is seen to have increased from 5.036.7 million pounds for the year ended 31st March 2014 to 5,654.0 million pounds attained in the year ended 31st March 2015. This shows that Ryanair was able to generate more revenue than Flybe Group Plc.
Looking at the income results of the company in the year ended 31st March 2015, an operating loss of 12.7 million pounds was realized (Flybe, 2015). This is a very bad situation for the company bearing in mind that a profit was realized in the year that was closed on the 31st day of March 2014. It is worth noting that Flybe Group Plc realized 1.3 million pounds in terms of profit in the year that was closed on 31st March, 2016. This shows a very worrying movement in the profitability of this company.
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In terms of profitability, Ryanair seems to have recorded a very high increase in its operating profit in the year that ended on 31st March 2015. In this year, Ryanair managed to realize an operating profit of 1,042.9 million pounds against 658.6 million pounds recorded in the year closed on 31st March 2014. This shows a very significant increase in the level of operating profitability unlike the case of Flybe Group Plc where a loss was recorded. Under this circumstance, it is reasonable to point out that the Ryanair has a bigger capacity of growth than Flybe Group Plc.
Liquidity
Liquidity of an organization refers to the ability to translate the available assets into cash. The liquidity of a company is always determined by looking at the ease with which a company is able or has been able to avail cash from most of its assets. To determine the liquidity of Flybe Group Plc, it is necessary to come up with the liquidity ratios of the company. The calculation of the liquidity ratios for Flybe Group Plc will focus on the year closed on 31st March, 2014 compared to the year ended 31st March 2015. Some of the liquidity ratios include current ratio, cash ratio, working capital and quick ratio.
Current Ratio
The current ratio of an organization is obtained by getting a division of the current assets by the current liabilities (Robert, 2010). For Flybe Group Plc, the current ratio for the years ended on the 31st day of 2015 and 2014 are as follows.
Year
Ratio
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Current
308.3
257.2
1.20
2014
Current
304.8
216.4
1.41
From the above schedule, it is evident that the liquidity of Flybe Group Plc in the year ended on 31st March 2015 is lower than the previous year. This is because the liquidity dropped from 1.41 to 1.20.
The current ratio for Ryanair, a competitor in the industry is as follows;
Year
Ratio
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Current
5,742.00
3,346.00
1.72
2014
Current
3,444.30
2,274.50
1.51
From this calculation, it is evident that Ryanair was able to have a higher current ratio in the year ended 2015 than the previous year. This is not the case with the current ratio obtained by Flybe Group Plc. From the calculation of current ratio of Flybe Group Plc, it is seen that there is a decrease in the current ratio obtained in the year ended 2014 from 1.41 to 1.2 calculated for the year ended 31st March 2015.
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Net Working capital ratio
This liquidity ratio is used in measuring by what level the current assets are when compared to the current liabilities, in the absence of cash. This means that the net working capital ratio is used in measuring the excess of current assets as compared to the current liabilities. It is obtained by dividing the current assets less cash by the current liabilities of an organization. The current ratios of Flybe Group Plc for the years ending 31st March of 2014 and 2015 respectively are as follows.
Year
Ratio
Current Assets-cash
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Working capital
130.4
257.2
0.51
2014
Working capital
126.9
216.4
0.59
Compared to the year ended 31st March 2014, the networking capital is seen to have gone down showing negative movement of the company’s ability to take care of current liabilities.
For the net working capital ratio for Ryanair, the calculation is as below;
Year
Ratio
Current Assets-cash
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Working capital
4557.4
257.2
17.72
2014
Working capital
1714.2
216.4
7.92
These calculations for Ryanair show that there is a very significant increase in the net working capital obtained in the year 2014 compared to that obtained in the year ended 31st March 2015. In the year ended 2014, Ryanair had a net working capital ratio of 7.92, while in the year ended 2015 it increased upto 17.72.
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Liquidity comparison with competitor (Ryanair) based on current ratio and networking capital
Quick ratio
This is a liquidity ratio that is used to derive an organizations muscle towards taking care of its short-term liabilities through the utilization of the current assets that can be converted into cash quickly (Aalst & Wil 2011). Therefore, stock is reduced from the current assets amount that is used in dividing by the current liabilities. Therefore, the formulae for quick ratio is (current assets-stock)/current liabilities. The quick ratio for Flybe Group Plc is as follows
Year
Ratio
Current Assets-stock
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Quick ratio
301.2
257.2
1.17
2014
Quick ratio
298
216.4
1.38
From the above calculation, it is clear that the quick ratio in the year ended 31st March 2014 is higher than that of the year ended 31st March 2015. This shows that Flybe Group Plc’s capability in the previous year was better, a situation that reflects poor ability of the company.
For Ryanair, the quick ratios for the two years ended 31st March 2014 and 2015 respectively are as follows;
Year
Ratio
Current Assets-stock
Current Liabilities
Ratio
2015
Quick ratio
5739.9
3346
1.72
2014
Quick ratio
3441.8
2274.5
1.51
From the schedule above, Ryanair is seen to have made an increase in its quick ratio from 1.51 in the year ended 2014 to 1.72 in the year closed in 2015 (Ryanair, 2015). This is not the case with the quick ratio of Flybe Group Plc where the quick ratio dropped from 1.38 to 1.17.
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Profitability Ratio analysis
Profitability ratios are usually used in finding out how the assets of an organization have been employed in the process of generating profit (Papadopoulos, 2011). This is a very good ratio in the analysis of an organization financially. This is because all businesses are set up for the purpose of generating some considerable gain after a given period of time.
Gross profit margin
This is a ratio calculated through the division of the gross profit of an organization with the net sales recorded. For Flybe Group plc, the gross profit margin ratios for the years ended 31st March 2014 and 2015 respectively are as follows;
Year
Ratio
Gross profit
Net Sales
Ratio
2015
Gross profit Margin
-12.7
574.1
(0.022)
2014
Gross profit Margin
-1.5
620.5
(0.002)
From the above calculation of gross profit margin, it is evident that it is negative for both years. However, the gross profit margin for the year ended march 2015 is poor than that of the previous year.
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For Ryanair, the gross profit margin is as follows
Year
Ratio
Gross profit
Net Sales
Ratio
2015
Gross profit Margin
982.4
6073.0
0.2
2014
Gross profit Margin
591.4
5654.0
0.1
Comparatively, Flybe Public Plc is seen to have posted poor results in terms of profitability compared to Ryanair. In the year ended 31st March 2015, Flybe Group Plc had a gross profit margin of (0.022) while Ryan air had 0.2. This shows that in terms of gross profit in relation to sales, Ryan air had a good level of gain.
Company Review Findings and conclusions
From the ratio analysis for Flybe Group Plc, several findings come up. Firstly, the decrease In the current ratio of Flybe Group Plc in the year ended March 2015 shows that the company’s ability to take care of the current liabilities decreased. This means that Flybe Group Plc has to look for alternative ways of raising funds in case there is need to pay for current liabilities. With current ratio, the higher the ratio the better for a company since it means that the ability to take care of its current liabilities is stronger (Rajasekeran, 2012).
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With net working capital ratio, the higher the ratio, the better for a company. A higher ratio means that a company is able to convert its current assets into cash and finance its current liabilities in the absence of ready cash (Kaplan, 2011). In the case of Flybe Group Plc, the net working ratio is seen to have dropped from 0.59 to 0.51 in the year ended 31st March 2015.
This means that the company’s ability to finance its current liabilities from other current assets in exclusion of cash got weaker. According to Tracy (2012), a good performing company is able to handle current liabilities even without using its cash.
In the year ended 31st March 2015, the gross profit Margin for Flybe Group Plc went down compared to what was realized in the year ended 31st March 2014. This means that the company’s use of its assets for profit generation went down. With poor profitability, it means that a company cannot grow properly.
After the analysis and findings, it is reasonable to state the position of Flybe Group Plc in the industry. Firstly, its performance is poor compared to previous year. Secondly, the company’s performance compared to that of a competitor in the industry is very poor. Therefore, the management of Flybe Group Plc should come up with strategies of improving the performance of the company.
One of the things that the management should look for is the use of information technology. According to Proctor (2011), information technology is one tool that is capable of bringing improvement in performance of an organization. This is supported by Pathak (2014) who says that the information technology is important in many areas of a business including auditing. Additionally, coming up with strategies that support improvement is always an important aspect in business (Thompson, 2014).
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Conclusion
According to Gray et al. (2011), a company review is a very important activity for organizations. This is because it gives an organization an opportunity of looking at the way its performance is moving. For example, the analysis of the financial performance of Flybe Group Plc has shown how poor the performance is compared with the previous year and Ryanair which is a competitor in the industry.
From the analysis, Flybe Group Plc has been able to post poor results in the year ended 31st March 2015 compared to what was attained in the year ended 31st March 2014. Additionally, compared with Ryanair, the performance of the company is also poor. Ryanair is seen to be posting financial results which are likely to catapult the company to great heights. For better analysis of a company, financial ratios are very useful (Debarrshi, 2012).
This is because the financial ratios bring about various aspects of a business as reflected in their different levels. When carrying out a company review, it is important to carry out comparisons for different years of operations. Additionally, it is good to understand the position of a company within a particular industry.
Comparison with other players in the industry is necessary since it ensures that a company understands how the performance is compared to that of other players. Keller and Price (2013) point out that industry comparison enables a company carry out improvements and corrections so that there may be creation of competitive edge in the industry or market.
References
Aalst, V.& Wil M.P., (2011), Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes, Springer
Debarrshi, B. (2012), Management Accounting, Pearson Education India
Thompson,JL. (2014). Understanding Corporate Strategy. Cengage Learning Chew, L. & Parkinson, A. (2013), Making Sense of Accounting for Business, Harlow: Pearson
Tracy, A. (2012), Ratio Analysis Fundamentals: How 17 Financial Ratios Can Allow You to Analyze Any Business In The World, Ratioanalysis.net
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Treating Addison’s Disease
Side effects of using corticosteroid to treat Addison’s disease
Patients diagnosed with Addison’s disease needs to take up their medication daily in order to replace the inadequate hormones. This normally helps the patients to live a normal life. Treatment mainly involves use of corticosteroids (steroid therapy) to replace hormones lost and those not produced by the aldosterone. Although these medications are effective, corticosteroids are associated with short term and long term side effects (Bentley, 2011)
The short-term side effects includes stomach upset, increased irritability, weight gain due to water retention, increased fat on the face, unusual hair growth , high blood pressure, and risk of other infections. The long-term side effects include muscle weakness, brittle bones, and stunted growth among the children. To minimize such side effects, people taking the drugs should be watched carefully and of necessary, their doses reduced as low doses can be effective and have minimal side effects (In Arieti, 2014).
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Factors that make it problematic for management Addison’s disease in adolescents
The process of diagnosing Adrenal insufficiency is usually a challenge. This is because most of clinical manifestation are nonspecific, and tend to vary according to the underlying causative agent and extent of disease progress. It is important to make early diagnosis as the disease can be life threatening if not diagnosed early enough. The signs and symptoms and management of the diseases are the main challenges faced by the adolescents diagnosed with Addison’s disease. These include issues such as fatigue, malaise, and general muscle weakness. This negatively impacts on quality of life and their daily activities (Helms, 2015).
Importance of inter-professional team for treatment of Addison disease
Team-work in management of Addison disease is important as it aids in improving patient quality of life, reduce mortality, improve communication, reduce errors, and increase patient satisfaction. In this case study, healthcare staff from the following disciplines should work together when delivering care to Addison’s patients. These include physicians, nurses, nutritionists, pharmacists, and physiotherapists. This will help in developing a detailed case related information, which facilitates the decision making processes (Bar, 2013).
