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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
When first introduced, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was unlike any other therapeutic approach. For years, psychotherapeutic techniques were driven by psychoanalytic theories. These techniques were time consuming, leaving many therapists frustrated with the length of time involved in helping their clients achieve a sense of relief. With the development of CBT, however, therapists were able to help their clients heal more quickly.
This poses the questions:
If CBT is more efficient than other techniques, why isn’t it used with all clients?
How do you know when CBT is an appropriate therapeutic approach?
This week, as you examine cognitive behavioral therapy and its appropriateness for clients, you compare it to rational emotive behavioral therapy. You also develop diagnoses for clients receiving psychotherapy and consider legal and ethical implications of counseling these clients.
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Learning Resources Required Readings
Wheeler, K. (Ed.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
• Chapter 8, “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy” (pp. 313–346) American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Note: You will access this text from the Walden Library databases.Required MediaSommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2013). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.
Note: For this week, view Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy only. You will access this media from the Walden Library databases.Beck, A. (1994). Aaron Beck on cognitive therapy [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.
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Note: You will access this media from the Walden Library databases. The approximate length of this media piece is 50 minutes. Eysenck, H. (n.d.). Hans Eysenck on behavior therapy [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.
Note: You will access this media from the Walden Library databases. The approximate length of this media piece is 50 minutes.
Optional Resources: Ellis, A. (2012). Albert Ellis on REBT [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net.
Note: You will access this media from the Walden Library databases. The approximate length of this media piece is 50 minutes.
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Cognitive Behavioral Theory Versus Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory
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Cognitive Behavioral Theory Versus Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory
While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) have many similarities, they are distinctly different therapeutic approaches. When assessing clients and selecting one of these therapies, you must recognize the importance of not only selecting the one that is best for the client but also the approach that most aligns to your own skill set. For this Assignment, as you examine the similarities and differences between CBT and REBT, consider which therapeutic approach you might use with your clients.
Learning Objectives Students will:
• Compare cognitive behavioral therapy and rational emotive behavioral therapy
• Recommend cognitive behavioral therapies for clients
To prepare:
• Review the media in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Reflect on the various forms of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Cognitive Behavioral Theory Versus Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory
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The AssignmentIn a 1- to 2-page paper, address the following:
• Briefly describe how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) are similar.
• Explain at least three differences between CBT and REBT. Include how these differences might impact your practice as a mental health counselor.
• Explain which version of cognitive behavioral therapy you might use with clients and why. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.
Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm).
All papers submitted must use this formatting.
Cognitive Behavioral Theory Versus Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory
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Federal Acquisition Regulation
The Federal Acquisition Regulation can be termed as the primary regulation that can be utilized by all Federal Executive branches in their procurement of provisions and services with the appropriated finances. It was dispensed within suitable laws that fall below the shared authorities of the Administrator of General Services, the Secretary of Defense, and the Administrator for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The third part of the FAR is one that focuses on inappropriate business activities and individual struggles of interest. In this case, this part lays down policies and processes that can be used to avoid any unfair business practices. Furthermore, it has proved quite efficient in doing away with individual conflicts of concern and dealing with any impending or real occurrence.
One of the primary objectives that this policy aims at driving is making sure that government business is carried out in a way that is beyond criticism, with total independence, and without any privileged handling. The overall rule, in this case, is that there should be avoidance of any engagement of interest or emergence of a clash of interest in Government-contractor relations.
Federal Acquisition Regulation
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Whereas most federal rules and protocols put limitations on the activities that administration workers take part in, their authorized demeanor should be in such a manner that they do not have any fear of fully and publically exposing their actions. However, in this case, there will be an in-depth look at contractor code of morals and conduct.
This particular part is one that lays the foundation for the implementation of 41 U.S.C. 3509, which is the Notification of Violations of Federal Criminal Law or overcompensation (Federal Government, 2018). On the other hand, it also recommends strategies and processes for the foundation of service provider codes of business ethics and conduct and the exhibition of agency Office of Inspector General (OIG) deceit hotline notices.
Under this subpart, a subcontract is used as a term that refers to each agreement gotten into by a subcontractor to provide materials or amenities that are used to perform a vital contract or subcontract. A subcontractor, on the other hand, is used as a term that refers to any supplier, wholesaler, retailer, or company that provides materials or service for or to a significant service provider or another subcontractor (Federal Government, 2018).
Federal Acquisition Regulation
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Policy
This subpart also presents a policy that is required to be adhered to. Under this, one of the significant stipulations is that government contractors should make sure that they can conduct themselves in a manner that depicts the premier grade of honesty and openness or trustworthiness (Federal Government, 2018). The second stipulation is that suppliers should possess a well laid down code of business ethics and conduct.
To vouch for acquiescence with such code of ethics and conduct, service providers are expected to conduct a working professional ethics and agreement training program and in-house regulation systems. Such are anticipated to be suitable for the scope of the business and level of its participation in contracting with the Government.
It is also expected to provide accurate detection and admission of any inappropriate conduct concerning government contracts. The other anticipation of the implementation of such a policy is that it would go a long way in making sure that the remedial actions are punctually introduced and executed (Federal Government, 2018).
Federal Acquisition Regulation
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Requirements
The other aspect that falls under the subpart of service provider code of ethics and conduct is the requirements. One of these is the contractor requirements. Under this, one of the significant stipulations is that despite the fact that policies apply as a source of direction to all government suppliers, the contractual obligations in the clause of contractor code of business ethics and behavior, and exhibition of Hotline poster(s) are necessary if the agreements are subjective to the particular clause prescriptions contained in the contract clauses.
The other element under the contractor requirements is that whether or not the provision of Display of Hotline Poster is applicable or not, a contractor may be faced with suspension for recognizing letdown by a principle to aptly reveal to the administration award, enactment, or closeout of a Government agreement executed by the supplier or subcontractor (Federal Government, 2018).
Federal Acquisition Regulation
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The third part under service provider requirements indicates that the compensation clause demonstrates that where the servicer is on the knowledge that the administration has overcompensated on an agreement bankrolling or invoice payments; the contractor is called upon to submit the overpaid sum to the administration. Also, a supplier may be suspended or disqualified for identifying letdown by a principle to reveal proof of a substantial overcompensation promptly.
The other requirement is the notification of eminent contractor violation. This is where if the contracting official is informed about a possible defilement of Federal criminal law that involves deception, enticement or perquisite abuses, the officer is required to raise the matter with the agency Office of the Inspector General or take appropriate action that is per procedures laid out by the agency. The other requirement is that of fraud hotline poster.
Under this, the agency OIGs are put in charge of defining the requirements for, and gratification of their agency posters. Besides, when called upon by the Department of Homeland Security, agencies are required to make sure that contracts facilitated financially with catastrophe help funds need to exhibit any fraud hotline poster that applies to that precise contract (Federal Government, 2018). Such signs can be put in a display alongside the regular poster of the agency.
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Contract Clauses
The fourth element of the code of ethics and conduct is the contract clauses. One of the provisions is that there should be the inclusion of Servicer code of business ethics and conduct in solicitations and agreements where the worth is more than $5.5 million and exceeds the execution time of 120 days. The second clause is that unless the agreement entails attainment of a money-making product or will be executed beyond the borders of the United States; there should be the inclusion of the Display of Hotline Poster(s) where the contract goes above the $5.5 million or a smaller amount that is put forth by the agency (Federal Government, 2018).
Moreover, the contracting officer is expected to recognize any applicable posters and include the links to websites or additional contract info for acquiring the agency or Department of Homeland Security poster. Furthermore, where the agency has put in place policies and strategies for the exhibition of the OIG scam hotline notice at a reduced sum, the contracting officer is expected to switch the amount of $5.5 million with a reduced total that the agency has put in place (Federal Government, 2018).
In conclusion, it is critical to note that indeed, the United States government is dedicated to ensuring that there are ethical practices when it comes to business practices. Through the laws and regulations laid under the Federal Acquisition Regulations, contractors, the government, subcontractors and other stakeholders are held in the account of the actions that they engage in.
This ensures that there is a balance in operations and that the right contractors and subcontractors are assigned the different contracts ethically. Without such policies and procedures in place, it would be difficult for maximum effectiveness in the various government processes.
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Research Ethics
In Coleman’s article Abortion and mental health: quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995-2009 (2011), the writer of the article intended to carry out a quantitative synthesis which would be vital in providing a clear illustration to clinicians about the connection between abortion and mental well-being. The author sought to use the quantitative method to determine the extent of the connection between abortion and the various pointers of adversarial mental health. The fact that the researcher used sample populations is a clear indication that the quantitative method was used for this research.
Research method
The sample used for the research included 22 studies, 36 measurements of effects and 877, 181 participants. One of the aspects that emerge is that the author made sure that there was the utilization of multiple studies which were relevant and met specific criteria. The writer indicated that studies were acknowledged using the Medline and PsycInfo databases.
Moreover, the studies were to have a sample size of 100 participants or more, utilized a comparison cluster, had one or multiple mental health outcome variables and used odds ratios to demonstrate effects noticed to facilitate calculation of readily translatable assembled odds ratios and PAR statistics. As seen, the primary population that was focused on was pregnant women those who wished to have an abortion and those who did not. However, the author does not indicate whether there was the legitimacy of other sources written by researchers who had conducted researches focused on the connection between mental health and abortion.
Research Ethics
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Through the statistical analysis, it can be derived that the writer had there was a specific formula that was used to come up with the most accurate results possible. Looking at the ethical issues, it is evident that there were no moral or ethical issues that were documented. This can be said to be fueled by the fact that the author used previous researches conducted and as such, there was no need to include names of participants but rather just required the use of overall statistics obtained. Therefore, the rights of participants were well protected.
Limitations
Coleman was quite thorough in the research and was able to identify some limitations of the research. One of the constraints documented by the researcher is that the review was not comprehensive since only a 15-year publication window was scrutinized. Also, there was no analysis of comparison groups.
The other limitation stipulated is that the study is that there was a deprivation of consistency in control variables, demographic features of the samples, the duration between processes and follows up valuations, and notable difference in how results were measured.
Analysis
After careful examination of the article, several aspects emerge. One of them is that the author was quite systematic in the provision of quantitative data. This is one of the compelling aspects of the article. Coleman is quite methodical in presenting data using graphs and tables. This goes a long way in illustrating to the reader that whatever is stipulated in the article has been carefully examined and is well detailed.
Research Ethics
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Through these tables and diagrams, one is also able to see the various sources used by the author. The author is also quite accurate and ensures that those who get a chance to go through the article know the formula that was used for the research. Furthermore, the fact that the author used 22 studies by other researchers is an indication that Coleman wanted to be accurate in conclusions. One of the weaknesses of the article is that the author does not give an individual analysis of the sources that were used.
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Tort of Negligence
Having gained a better understanding of the legal system, the PI owners can now shift their focus to examining specific areas of law that create potential risks and liabilities for their business. The group knows from their business experience, and from talking with others in the business community, that businesses face serious and costly risks and legal liabilities stemming from tort law.
Unintentional harm resulting from accidents, such as in the unintentional torts of negligence and product liability, can result in costly litigation. For example, the construction company that Jo manages was sued by a client who was injured when one of the constructions employees accidentally dropped a ladder on the client’s legs. Maddy and Taylor are also concerned about the possibility of accidents occurring in the PI public offices that could create risks of premises liability under negligence.
Pat and Gale asked you to analyze and summarize potential negligence and premises liability risks that PI might face in its business operations. You are to create a Power Point presentation of your findings for presentation to PI owners at their next meeting with BCA.
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Trump imposing Tariffs
What’s your opinion on Trump imposing tariffs on steel and aluminum? Who are the winners and losers of this new policy?
Tariffs are taxes paid on imported goods. In earlier eras tariffs were an important source of government revenue, but in recent decades the U.S. government has used tariffs primarily to shield certain industries from foreign competition. Over the years, Congress has delegated substantial authority to impose tariffs to the executive branch, which means presidents have considerable discretion to increase tariffs on specific products or imports from specific countries.
President Trump used this power to increase tariffs on solar panels, washing machines, steel, and aluminum, as well as on a broad range of products from China. Overall, in 2019, the U.S. government brought in $79 billion in tariffs, twice the value from two years earlier and a sharp break from recent trends.
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Philosophical Ethics
Please answer these questions: • You will need to define philosophical ethics and how it is uniquely different from law, religion and etiquette. What is the basis and goal of philosophical ethics and the four domains that comprise philosophical ethics? • A solid grasp of the Divine Command Theory along with its strengths and limitations. Be sure you thoroughly understand the various critiques of the DCT found in the assigned readings. • Mastery of conventional relativism as described by proponents such as Ruth Benedict. Also, be able to discuss the inherent limitations of this controversial theory as explained by Pojman.
Traditionally, ethicists sought to give general advice on how to live a good and happy life, but contemporary philosophers have increasingly moved to more abstract and theoretical questions. While some contemporary philosophers have voiced alarm at this trend, many contemporary ethicists still ask esoteric questions.
We may conveniently divide contemporary philosophical ethics into at least four parts. Meta-ethics conducts an analysis of moral concepts, ethical justification, and the meaning of moral language. Descriptive ethics describes ethical behavior among various people and in various cultures. (Social scientists now do most of this work.) Normative ethics contemplates the norms, standards, or criteria that serve as theories or principles for ethical behavior. Applied ethics applies normative theories to particular ethical problems like abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, sexuality etc. Some areas of applied ethics have become their own sub-specialties like medical, environmental, business, or computer ethics.
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Principle Investments
US President Donald Trump, in a meeting at the White House on February 27, 2018, ordered the imposition of stiff and strict tariffs on the importation of steel and aluminum. The move, seen as a hallmark of keeping his campaign promises is bound to have numerous effects the world over. In its wake, the imposition of tariffs is expected to rattle the stock markets and cause trade wars between the US and several of its trade allies, especially in the European and Asian regions (Swanson, 2018; Jacobs & Deaux, 2018).
In my opinion, the imposition of such tariffs should be handled with a softer approach. President Trump should initiate discussions and negotiations with the US trade partners and strike a deal rather than suddenly bombard them with such news.
The announcement to impose a 25% tariff on steel and 10% on aluminum imports, despite the expected wrangles, will have a few winners. First is the US steel makers, who in spite of a rising demand, have not been able to meet the demand, resulting in the importation of more steel. A second category is the factory workers in steel and aluminum manufacturing plants. This category of beneficiaries may find more and better jobs.
Principle Investments
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The losers in this announcement include the United States’ trade partners who have been importing steel and aluminum. This list includes Brazil, China, Mexico, and Canada. Asian steel makers have been having a rough time over the past few years, and this announcement is bound to add to their operational and financial woes. A third loser in the development is the relationships that the US has built for a long time, which may end once the tariffs are put in place. In addition, the US steel and aluminum secondary users may get losses on the high costs of importations if the local producers cannot meet the demands.
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In the document The Role of Non-Government Organizations there is this statement: “InterAction’s PVO Standard 7.1.5 states: “A member’s programs shall respect the dignity, values, history, religion and culture of the people served.” The guidelines that follow have several four sub-points.
Using the resources of this document, other texts and resources and your own experience, respond to this question:
How might InterAction’s guidelines for its members to avoid conflicts between religious and relief missions affect how a religious organization responds to a major disaster?
Are these standards the same or different from those required by military personnel conducting relief operations?
Which of those standards were the most readily banned from international relief operations?
