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Include one page summary as a handout for other people
Identify and describe this contraceptive method (Depo-Provera)
Describe the risks and benefits of method
Explains the effectiveness of method
Identifies contraindication of method
Explain how the contraception method is used
Address patient education
Age Specific Scenarios
PowerPoint Guide
1. A title slide – Name, Title and what the paper is about
2. Never use less than 24 point font. If you use smaller font, people will not be able to see your information and you will have too much information on the slide.
3. Use bullet points. PowerPoint slides do not need full sentences, and should never have a paragraph full of information.
4. Use images effectively. You should have as little text as possible on the slide. One way to accomplish this is to have images on each slide, accompanied by a small amount of text (a max. of 4 bullets).
5. You must include speaker notes (of about 120 -150 words per slide) below
6. Use only one message per slide. If you have more than one message, add a slide.
7. Use only elements that add to the content of the message. Use graphics that clearly support your message. Good graphics can significantly add to learning, bad graphics can confuse and distract your audience.
8. Slide Design. Each slide should address a single concept.
9. Slides should follow a logical progression, each building on the other
10. Use no more than 4 bullet short lines of text on any one slide (The rest of the what you want to say should be in the speaker notes).
11. Use upper and lower case text, NOT all caps
12. Choose a color appropriate to the mood you want to convey
13. Avoid using too many colors (maximum of 3)
14. Use photographs (images) to help the audience relate slide information to real world situations.
15. Cite/reference always to avoid plagiarism.
16. Color, Dark Blue to project a stable, mature message – has a calming effect
Red or Orange to trigger excitement or an emotional response, Green to make audience comfortable, Yellow to get audience attention quickly (more so than any other color), Gray to promote the idea of “quality”, White to project honesty/sincerity. Black is not appealing to most viewers so be balanced!
17. Maintain a consistent design with regard to colors, font styles, and graphics.
Age Specific Scenarios
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Finance Net Float
The terms of the sale were 2/14, net 51. What is the effective annual rate of interest?
As of this morning, your firm had a ledger balance of $4,881 with no outstanding deposits or checks. Today, your firm deposited 6 checks in the amount of $302 each and wrote 13 checks in the amount of $898. What is the amount of the disbursement float as of the end of the day?
ABC Company sells 4,595 chairs a year at an average price per chair of $144. The carrying cost per unit is $39.13. The company orders 486 chairs at a time and has a fixed order cost of $71.1 per order. The chairs are sold out before they are restocked. What are the total shortage costs?
ABC Company writes 331 checks a day for an average amount of $591 each. These checks generally clear the bank in 3 days. In addition, the firm generally receives an average of $170,481 a day in checks that are deposited immediately. Deposited funds are available in 1 days. What is the firm’s net float?
ABC Company sells 3,136 chairs a year at an average price per chair of $156. The carrying cost per unit is $18.34. The company orders 500 chairs at a time and has a fixed order cost of $54 per order. The chairs are sold out before they are restocked. What is the economic order quantity?
ABC Company has an average collection period of 38 days and factors all of its receivables immediately at a 1.5 percent discount. Assume all accounts are collected in full. What is the firm’s effective cost of borrowing?
OnJuly 15th, you purchased $10,000 worth of goods. The terms of the sale were 3/5, net 56. What is the effective annual rate of interest for the credit period for this sale?
ABC Company sells 2,234 chairs a year at an average price per chair of $199. The carrying cost per unit is $24.78. The company orders 368 chairs at a time and has a fixed order cost of $131 per order. The chairs are sold out before they are restocked. How many orders will company place if it follows the economic order quantity model?
ABC Company has a cash cycle of 12.48 days, an operating cycle of 21.39 days, and an average collection period of 5 days. The company reported cost of goods sold of $238,279. What is the company’s average balance in Accounts Payable?
ABC Company sells 2,693 chairs a year at an average price per chair of $128. The carrying cost per unit is $33.28. The company orders 322 chairs at a time and has a fixed order cost of $33.8 per order. The chairs are sold out before they are restocked. What are the total carrying costs?
ABC Company sells 5,883 chairs a year at an average price per chair of $193. The carrying cost per unit is $27.19. The company orders 500 chairs at a time and has a fixed order cost of $54 per order. The chairs are sold out before they are restocked. What is the economic order quantity?
As of this morning, your firm had a ledger balance of $3,903 with no outstanding deposits or checks. Today, your firm deposited 4 checks in the amount of $255 each and wrote a check in the amount of $868. What is the amount of the collection float as of the end of the day?
Finance Net Float
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Finance Net Float
1
Nikken Microsystems (A)
Sales
€ 700,000
Payment due (days)
90
Acceptance fee
1%
Discount
4%
All in cost annualized %:
FV
€ 700,000
Less acceptance fee
(€ 1,726)
Less discount
(€ 6,904)
Proceeeds
€ 691,370
Annualized AIC
2.47%
2
Nikken Microsystems (B)
Sales
€ 700,000
Payment due (days)
90
Acceptance fee
1%
Discount
4%
Spot rate ($/€)
1.00
3-month forward rate ($/€)
1.02
Alternative 1: USD Proceeds now
FV
€ 700,000
Less acceptance fee
(€ 1,726.03)
less discount
(€ 6,904.11)
Proceeds (€)
€ 691,370
Spot rate
1.00
a.
Proceeds ($)
$691,369.86
Alternative 2: USD proceeds in 90 days
FV
€ 700,000
Less acceptance fee
(€ 1,726.03)
less discount
(€ 6,904.11)
Proceeds (€)
€ 691,370
Forward rate
1.02
b.
Proceeds ($)
$705,197.26
Break-even investment rate
Proceeds now
$691,369.86
Proceeds in 90 days
$705,197.26
c.
Break even investment rate
8.00%
d.
Nikken Microsystems would easily make the choice of any given the opportunity cost of 8%. From a financial perspective, however, the first alternative helps improve liquidity by eliminating debt, making it slightly more beneficial.
3
Motoguzzie (A)
Sales value
$3,000,000
Acceptance fee
1.75%
WACC
10%
Payment period (days)
180
Annualized % all-in cost
FV
$3,000,000
Less acceptance fee
($25,890.41)
Proceeds
$2,974,110
Opportunity cost
$ 146,668.42
Annualized AIC (%)
11.60%
4
Motoguzzie (B)
Sales value
$3,000,000
Acceptance fee
1.75%
WACC
10%
PMT period (days)
180
Discount rate
6%
Annualized AIC
FV
$3,000,000
less acceptance fee
($25,890.41)
less discount
($88,767.12)
Proceeds
$2,885,342.47
Annualized AIC (%)
8.06%
Most important function performed by the Exim bank
Among the widespread benefits of the increasing globalization is the increase of international trade. However, the growth of international trade and increased trade volumes may incapacitate many small and medium ventures, and in some instances even the large enterprises. To address the challenges of financing above what commercial banks would provide, the Department of Commerce created the Export Import Bank.
The major function of the Exim Bank is the provision of financing and other financial tools to facilitate the completion of the international sale of US commodities (Export-Import Bank of the United States, n.d.). This function allows for the provision of a level playing field for American businesses to compete effectively in the global market place……
Finance Net Float
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Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Order Instructions:
Overview
Complete a four-part assessment in which you will compute values, prepare journal entries, and provide written explanations.
Note: An accounting cycle requires specific steps that need to be executed in a sequence. The assessments in this course are presented in sequence and must be completed in order. Companies must present financial information to the investment community that provides a clear picture of present and potential tax obligations and tax benefits.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Define financial accounting conventions to support practice as a professional in the field.
*Apply tax rates to temporary differences.
*Analyze carryback and carryforward issues.
* Competency 3: Evaluate economic resources for an enterprise.
* Apply procedures for a capital lease.* Apply procedures for a sales-type lease.
Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Context
Companies spend a considerable amount of time and effort to minimize their income tax payments—and with good reason. Income taxes are major costs of doing business for most business organizations, regardless of the form of ownership.
Leasing of an asset has been around for many years, especially in the private sector. Individuals have utilized this form of asset acquisition for the purchase of realty, personal property, and even services. It has allowed them to acquire assets for little or no money down, use the asset for a determinable period of time, and then simply return the asset and terminate the lease agreement.
Today, leasing of capital assets is the fastest growing form of capital investment for corporations. It allows businesses to acquire large high-dollar assets with little or no responsibility for their maintenance and allows them to trade those assets in for newer models at the end of the lease. Consequently, accounting procedures for handling these transactions has undergone significant change over the last 25 years.
Questions to Consider
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.
* What are the guidelines for determining the most advantageous type of lease for an asset?* What is the advantage of an operating lease versus a capital lease?* What is the difference between a financial lease and a capital lease? Resources
Deferred Assets and Liabilities
FACTORS THAT IMPACT TAXES
Economic factors: Microeconomic factors (e.g., elasticity, type of entity)Macroeconomic factors (e.g., inflation, political systems)
Social factors:Demographics (e.g., aging population, birth rates)Standard of living (e.g., crime rates, education)Savings rates (e.g., incentives, cost of living)
Political factors:Government revenue (e.g., income tax, sales tax)Type of tax (e.g., progressive, regressive)Income redistribution (e.g., political system, types)
Legal/regulatory factors:Justification for tax system (e.g., tax avoidance, tax evasion)Types of entities (e.g., partnership, corporation)Economic (e.g., employees vs. subcontractors, insurance deduction)
Emerging trend factors:Economic (e.g., command vs. market economies, trade agreements)Technology (e.g., information access, compliance)Intangible taxation (e.g., changing laws, changing regulations)
CREDITS
Subject Matter Expert:Timothy Price
Interactive Design:Tara Schiller
Instructional Designer: JodiRae Foss
Project Manager:Lon Wiessenberger
Laux, R. C. (2013). The association between deferred tax assets and liabilities and future tax payments. The Accounting Review, 88(4), 1357–1383. Liabilities/Equities – Chapter 13.* This chapter reviews accounting for leases.
Harrington, C., Smith, W., & Trippeer, D. (2012). Deferred tax assets and liabilities: Tax benefits, obligations and corporate debt policy. Journal of Finance and Accountancy, 1–18. Retrieved from http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/121240.pdf
Spiceland, J. D., Sepe, J. F., Nelson, M. W., & Thomas, W. B. (2016). Intermediate Accounting (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.Chapter 15, “Leases,” pages 852–931.This chapter focuses on issues related to liabilities arising in connection with leases, and in particular those that produce such debtor/creditor relationships, referred to as capital leases. Pay particular attention to leases that do not produce a debtor/creditor relationship, but instead are accounted for as rental agreements.
Chapter 16, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” pages 932–995.This chapter presents accounting issues that focus on accounting and reporting for the effects of income taxes, particularly defining and illustrating temporary differences which are the basis for recognizing deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.
Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Assessment Instructions
Note: Do not proceed with this assessment until you have reviewed faculty feedback on Assessment 4. This assessment has four parts. The Assessment 5 Data Sheet contains the necessary information for all four parts. Record your answers in the Assessment 5 Template. Submit the completed template for this assessment. Both documents are linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading.
Imagine your boss has handed you four client files to complete by EOD (end of day.) However, several of the clients require written explanations of your reasoning.
Part 1: Temporary Differences Use the information for Part 1 in the Assessment 5 Data Sheet to complete the following:
Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income tax payable for 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Assuming there were no temporary differences prior to 2015, indicate how deferred taxes will be reported on the 2017 balance sheet. Sharp’s product warranty is for 12 months.
Explain your reasoning. Use the blank area in the template following the journal entries to make your notes.
Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2017, beginning with the line “Pretax financial income.”
Where appropriate, show all calculations leading to the final solution.
Part 2: Carryback and Carryforward Use the information in Part 2 of the Assessment 5 Data Sheet to complete the following:
Prepare the journal entries for the years 2015 to 2019 to record income tax expense and the effects of the net operating loss carrybacks and carryforwards assuming Bryan Clark Company uses the carryback provision.
All income and losses relate to normal operations. (In recording the benefits of a loss carryforward, assume that no valuation account is deemed necessary.
Where appropriate, show all calculations leading to the final solution.
Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Part 3: Lessee Entries: Capital Lease Use the information in Part 3 of the Assessment 5 Data Sheet to complete the following:
Identify and explain the type of lease. Use the blank area in the template following the journal entries to make your notes.
Compute the present value of the minimum lease payments.
Prepare all necessary journal entries for Southern for this lease through January 1, 2016.
Where appropriate, show all calculations leading to the final solution.
Part 4: Lessee-Lessor Entries: Sales-Type Lease Use the information in Part 4 of the Assessment 5 Data Sheet to complete the following:
Discuss the nature of this lease to Capital and Hinton. Use the blank area in the template following the journal entries to make your notes.
Calculate the amount of the annual rental payment.Prepare all the necessary journal entries for Hinton for 2015.
Prepare all the necessary journal entries for Capital for 2015.
Where appropriate, show all calculations leading to the final solution.
Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Assessment Data Sheet
Part 1: Temporary Differences
Sharp Company has two temporary differences between its income tax expense and income taxes payable. The information is shown below.
2015
2016
2017
Pretax financial income
$420,000
$455,000
$472,500
Excess depreciation expense on tax return
(15,000)
(20,000)
(5,000)
Excess warranty expense in financial income
10,000
5,000
4,000
Taxable income
$415,000
$440,000
$471,500
The income tax rate for all years is 40%.
Part 2: Carryback and Carryforward
The pretax financial income (or loss) figures for Bryan Clark Company are as follows.
2013
$ 80,000
2014
125,000
2015
40,000
2016
(80,000)
2017
(190,000)
2018
60,000
2019
50,000
Pretax financial income (or loss) and taxable income (loss) were the same for all years involved. Assume a 45% tax rate for 2013 and 2014 and a 40% tax rate for the remaining years.
Part 3: Lessee Entries: Capital Lease
On January 1, 2015, Southern, Inc. signed a 10-year non-cancelable lease for a machine. The terms of the lease called for Southern to make annual payments of $17,336 at the beginning of each year, starting January 1, 2015. The machine has an estimated useful life of 12 years.
The machine reverts back to the lessor at the end of the lease term. Southern uses the straight-line method of depreciation for all of its plant assets. Southern’s incremental borrowing rate is 6%, and the Lessor’s implicit rate is unknown.
Part 4: Lessee-Lessor Entries: Sales-Type Lease
On January 1, 2015, Capital Corp. leased equipment to Hinton Corporation. The following information pertains to this lease.
The term of the noncancelable lease is 12 years, with no renewal option. The equipment reverts to the lessor at the termination of the lease.
Equal rental payments are due on January 1 of each year, beginning in 2015.
The fair value of the equipment on January 1, 2015, is $225,000, and its cost is $180,000.
The equipment has an economic life of 16 years. Hinton depreciates all of its equipment on a straight-line basis.
Capital set the annual rental to ensure an 11% rate of return. Hinton’s incremental borrowing rate is 12%, and the implicit rate of the lessor is unknown.
Collectability of lease payments is reasonably predictable, and no important uncertainties surround the amount of costs yet to be incurred by the lessor.
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Deferred Assets and Liabilities
Part 1: Temporary Differences
Date
Account Title
Debit
Credit
Section 1: Journal entries
2015
Income tax expense
168,000
Deferred tax asset (10,000 x 40%)
4,000
Deferred tax liability (15,000 x 40%)
6,000
Income tax payable (415,000 x 40%)
166,000
2016
Income tax expense
182,000
Deferred tax asset (5,000 x 40%)
2,000
Deferred tax liability (20,000 x 40%)
8,000
Income tax payable (440,000 x 40%)
176,000
2017
Income tax expense
189,000
Deferred tax asset (4,000 x 40%)
1,600
Deferred tax liability (5,000 x 40%)
2,000
Income tax payable (471,500 x 40%)
188,600
Section 2: Balance sheet entries
Current asset
Deferred tax asset (4000+2000+1600)
7,600
Long-term liability
Deferred tax liability (6000+8000+2000)
16,000
Section 3: Income tax expense
Pretax income
472,500
Less:
Income tax expenses
188,600
Net deferred tax
400
Net income post tax
283,500
Explanation:
2015
Deferred tax asset = 10,000 x 40% = 4000
Deferred tax liability 15,000 x 40% = 6000
Income tax payable 415,000 x 40% = 166,000
2016
Income tax expense
Deferred tax asset 5,000 x 40% = 2000
Deferred tax liability 20,000 x 40% = 8000
Income tax payable 440,000 x 40% = 176,000
2017
Deferred tax asset = 4,000 x 40% = 1600
Deferred tax liability = 5,000 x 40% = 2000
Income tax payable = 471,500 x 40% = 188,600
Part 2: Carryback and Carryforward
Date
Account Title
Debit
Credit
1
2015
Income Tax Expense
$16,000
2
Income Tax Payable
$16,000
3
2016
Income Tax Refund Receivable
$36,000
4
Benefit Due to Loss Carryback
$36,000
5
2017
Income Tax Refund Receivable
$16,000
6
Benefit Due to Loss Carryback
$16,000
7
Deferred Tax Asset
$60,000
8
Benefit Due to Loss Carryforward
$60,000
9
2018
Income Tax Expense
$24,000
10
Deferred Tax Asset
$24,000
11
2019
Income Tax Expense
$20,000
12
Deferred Tax Asset
$20,000
Calculations
1. Income tax expense
40,000 x 40%
= $16,000
3. Income tax refund receivable
80,000 x 45%
= $36,000
5. Income tax refund receivable
40,000 x 40%
= $16,000
7. Deferred Tax Asset
[(190,000 – 40,000) x 40%]
= $60,000
9. Income Tax Expense
(60,000 x 40%)
= $24,000
11. Income Tax Expense
50,000*40%
= $20,000
Part 3: Lessee Entries: Capital Lease
Date
Account Title
Debit
Credit
Jan 2015
Leased equipment
$135,250
Lease liability
$135,250
Jan 2015
Lease liability
$17,336
Cash
$17,336
Jan 2015
Depreciation
$13,525
Accumulated depreciation
$13,525
Jan 2016
Lease liability
$10,261
Interest expense
$7,075
Cash
$17,336
Explanation:
The lease can be considered a capital lease. This is because the lease life exceeds 75% of the asset’s life. According to FASB, a capital lease may meet either of the following criteria:
The lease life is more than 75% of asset’s life.
Ownership transfer is done at the end of the lease
Present value is higher than 90% of the asset’s fair value
The leasee has an option to buy the lease asset below market value once the lease has expired.
Given that the lease life exceeds 75% of asset’s life, it is considered a capital lease. The calculations are provided as below.
10/12 x 100 = 83.3%
Equipment is capitalized at the minimum of fair value and present value of the lease payments. However, there is no fair value given and thus present value of minimum lease payments is used.
Depreciation calculation:
= Capitalized amount / Life of project
= 135,250 / 10
= $13,525
Part 4: Lessee-Lessor Entries: Sales-Type Lease
Date
Account Title
Debit
Credit
Lessor Accounts
Lease receivables
225,000
Equipment
225,000
Installment received
Cash
31,224
Lease receivable
31,224
Hilton’s Accounts
Leased asset equipment
225,000
Lease liability
225,000
Depreciation
14,062.5
Accumulated depreciation
14,062.5
Explanation:
No interest factor is considered because payment for the lease is made on 1st January. This means that interest has not accumulated.
The type of lease in this case is a capital lease. This is because the lease term is equivalent to 75% of its economic life or more. To calculate 75% of the lease term, the following calculation is done.
12/16 x 100 = 75%
Given that the lease period is 12 years while economic life is 16 years, it means that the lease period is 75%……..
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Doctoral Learning Process
Order Instructions:
The purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate your working knowledge of APA format by writing a paper.The doctoral Learning process is uniquely autonomous. It is important to develop individual plans for success and use personal strategies to reach your goals.
General Requirements:
• When writing this paper ensure you are speaking from a formal standpoint and are not using I-statements.
• Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments.
• This assignment uses a rubric and you cannot have more than 10% similarity scores for your paper.
Directions:
In 750-1,000 words, construct a paper that addresses the following.
1. Discuss learning experiences one may face prior to the doctoral learning experience. Support your discussion with scholarly evidence from the sources provided.
2. Research the autonomous nature of doctoral learning. Discuss how doctoral programs and learning skills and strategies employed when completing them is different than other learning experience.
3. Conduct a literature review of five scholarly articles related to strategies for success in doctoral programs. The articles cannot be more than 3 years old.
4. Based upon your research discuss specific strategies you recommend when developing a plan for successful completion of a doctoral program.
Reading materials to be use in completing this paper
2. How Writing Contributes to Learning: New Findings From a National Study and Their Local Application
Read:
Anderson, P., Anson, C. M., Fish, T., Gonyea, R. M., Marshall, M., Menefee-Libey, W., … Weaver, S. (2017). How writing contributes to learning: New findings from a national study and their local application. Peer Review New Frontiers in Writing, 19(1).http://www.aacu.org/peerreview/2017/Winter/Anderson#.WR3xSRCQf_Q.email
The Basics of APA Style Review “The Basics of APA Style” tutorial, located on the American Psychological Association (APA) website. You will use this resource throughout the course for assignments and discussion questions.http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx
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Doctoral Learning Process
The writing skills that most of us have when compared to the doctoral writing are rudimentary. The writing often focuses on the use of long sentences to communicate an idea. In addition, the sentences lack clauses which are essential to ensure a smooth transition of ideas. Moreover, learners have the weakness of ensuring that each paragraph has one idea. The paragraphs are at times organized in a haphazard manner which makes idea correlation difficult (Maher et al., 2013).
The most common problem in most scholars is the use of passive voice rather than an active voice in presenting their arguments. The use of passive voice makes it easy for scholars to overuse third person instead of the first person (McDougall, Orneles, and Rao, 2015, p.263).
The Doctoral writing is independent of the writing experience that we may have acquired from K-12 through to high-school level. According to Burford (2017), doctoral writing focuses more on what knowledge that a learner had about a particular subject more than their study skills. Moreover, the doctoral writing process falls into two contexts. The first one is a socially communicative process based on an idea. The second one is a rhetorical process created by power relations that focus on social and personal significance (p.29).
Doctoral learning process centers on inculcating the constructive feedback into the writing process. As a learner one needs to detach emotions from the feedback process to enable them to successfully complete the doctoral program. Emotions demotivate the learner from carrying out an overhaul of the entire work to ensure that they deliver authentic work (Collins, 2015, p.53). Moreover, in the doctoral learning process quality supersedes quantity, this is opposite to the other learning experience. The prior learning experience emphasized on the quantity of information when it came to grading. Contrariwise, in the doctoral field, writing is quality oriented based on the idea that one wants to project or discuss (McDougall et al., 2015, p.264).
Additionally, the previous learning experience concentrated on idea generation and writing process. Conversely, the doctoral learning skills is an extensive process that has multiple areas of focus. It involves identifying the subject area, researching intensively, prewriting, followed by writing and finally being ready to rewrite after any feedback from suitable professionals (McDougall et al., 2015, p.263).
According to Anderson et al., (2017), there are a number of strategies that are suitable for not only promoting the learning experience but also ensuring success in any discipline. The first one is higher-order learning deals with the establishing the value and application of theoretical knowledge. The second one is integrative learning that requires the learners to compartmentalize ideas from various sources when tackling addressing a particular issue in their doctoral program. This provides an indepth overview of an issue and increases the authenticity of the doctoral program……
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1: Include background, development of rationale and justification of the position on the topic.
2: Incorporate the definition of Integrity: (pledge to be honest, just and consistent in word and deed.)
3: in the References please include U.S. Authors and two Internet Research.
4: Please make sure the cover page and the reference page is not part of the 7 page word count.
Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement
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Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement
When does law enforcement cross boundaries between ethical and unethical behavior towards citizens
Introduction
The duty of the state is to ensure the safety and security of its citizens. This is done by the enforcement of the law through various means. In order to fulfill this mandate, the state has established several arms of the government to ensure that the detection, deterrence, rehabilitation and the correction of the said offenders are dealt with. Due to the delicate nature of ensuring that the laws of the land are adhered to, these agencies have strict codes of conduct that seek to guide and direct the manner in which their officers should conduct themselves.
The constitution, as the supreme law of the land sets out certain liberties that accrue to the citizens and which should not be violated at any given point for whatever reason by the government. These are found in the various amendments of the constitution. The case of the United States v Jones, 132S.Ct. 945 (2012) is one of the cases where the court had to step in to protect the rights of s citizen that were being violated in an effort to enforce the law (Iyengar, 2013).
In this case, the Supreme Court made a pronouncement to the effect that despite the zeal exhibited by the law enforcement agencies in the fulfillment of their mandate, the same should be done in such a way that the rights and freedoms of the ordinary citizens are preserved. It was found that the fourth amendment rights of privacy of the defendant had been violated by the installation of a Global Positioning System device in their motor vehicle. Although it was done in an effort to obtain information, the extension of the monitoring period ended up being construed as an intrusion in to the right of privacy of the defendant.
The importance of considering the ethical and unethical boundaries that have to be respected by law enforcement agencies in their quest to carry out their mandated task is that more often than not they infringe on the basic rights of the citizens they are supposed to be protecting. These officers are held in higher regard than the other professionals in the state because of the level of trust entrusted in them. As such their conduct both in the profession and in their lives are scrutinized to ensure that they are indeed capable of carrying out their duties to the satisfaction of the citizens.
Ethical considerations in law enforcement
In the determination of a balance between performing their task in law enforcement and respecting the principles that guide the same, law enforcement agencies are faced with an uphill task. This is due to various reasons, the main one being the resistance they face. In an effort to ensure that the law id adhered to, the non-cooperation of the citizens is normally a hindrance since the former view the latter as a group who are out to get them. In such a case, they employ certain tactics that tend to deter the law enforcement agents from carrying out their work.
A comparison is between the earlier mentioned case of United States v Jones with an earlier case of Katz v the United States where the right of privacy was held to have not been infringed because of an earlier consent that could be implied was proved. In the Jones case, the extension of the surveillance of the defendant was deemed as a violation of their rights to privacy despite the effort of the law enforcement agent to rid the streets of the alleged drug the defendant was smuggling.
During the training of law enforcement officers, certain values are sought to be instilled in them while still in the respective academies. Some of these values include the observance of the basic rights of the citizens. The understanding of the law is also part of the course they undergo as their mandate is to protect the same. However, more often than not, the officers are caught breaking the same laws in their zeal to ensure that their mandate is fully fulfilled. Instances include the conduct of arrest, mode of conducting investigations and the handling of the alleged law breakers.
This blurs the boundary between ethical and unethical behaviors towards citizens. Others also include the soliciting and acceptance of bribe as well as colluding with known criminal elements to aid them in their criminal endeavors. In their training, the officers are taught how to handle sensitive issues such as profiling in addition to being brought up to date with the latest technique in conducting their duties but without infringing on the rights of the citizens (Hess, Orthmann and LaDue, 2015).
Additionally the officers take oaths of honor before embarking on their profession is a requirement. This oath of honor pledges the observance of integrity and the honor to betray neither the badge nor the community trust. This symbolizes the officer’s commitment to ethical conduct during his service. However, there are cases where the said officers have been witnessed to use excessive force in discharging their mandate.
On such occasions, the levels of confidence in these agencies tend to be lower in the eyes of the public as their mandate was to protect the public and not brutalize them (Doherty, 2016). At such instances, the law enforcement agents cross the border between their ethical duty to protect and serve and instead become unethical by causing both physical and emotional harm to the citizens they vowed to protect.
The techniques employed by the law enforcement agencies in certain instances to contain situations sometimes surpass the reasonable force threshold and end up bringing violence instead of curing the same. It is at these instances when the officers cross the boundaries between ethical and unethical in their conduct towards citizens……
Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement
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Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Purpose:
In the first assignment, you have the opportunity to gain an understanding of how to identify different types of ethical dilemmas that occur within business, apply ethical theories to solve dilemmas, and after comparing the results, take a critical stance of determining a theorist who can best address all three dilemmas.
Outcome Met by Completing This Assignment:
Identify ethical issues that arise in domestic and global business environments using an understanding of ethical concepts and of legal and business principles
Develop and evaluate alternatives to, and recommend solutions for, ethical dilemmas, taking into account ethical and legal requirements and the essential mission of the business enterprise
Effectively communicate to internal and external business stakeholders the complexities of ethical issues, suggesting and analyzing various solutions in order to ensure appropriate business practices and accountability
NOTE: You are expected to understand the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy, and know that it is your responsibility to learn about instructor and general academic expectations with regard to proper citation of sources as specified in the APA Publication Manual, 6th Ed. (Students are held accountable for in-text citations and an associated reference list only).
Ethical Dilemmas in Business
Instructions:
Step 1: Create the introductory paragraph. Within this paragraph, provide a brief overview of the scenario. Then, provide a thesis statement and tell the reader the main topics covered in the paper. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper. View this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph: http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html
Step 2: Read critically and analyze the case scenario under Week 3 Content area.
Step 3: Identify and discuss the three business dilemmas and one personal dilemma presented in the case scenario. Explain the facts that you have relied upon to make the selection. Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
Step 4: Identify and discuss the common ethical issues categories to which each of the three business dilemmas belong. Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
Step 5: State each dilemma in question form and then apply the ethical theories of Kant, Rand, and Bentham to answer the question: How would each of these theorists solve the dilemma? You need only chose one theorist per dilemma but all three theorists must be used in discussing the three dilemmas. Explain in detail how the conclusions were conceived using the class material, the facts from the case scenario, and any additional resources necessary to define the answer.
Step 6: In a final paragraph, compare the results and select one theorist who would best solve all three dilemmas. Since this last part is reflective of your personal opinion, be sure to support the conclusion with the class material, facts from the case scenario, and a definition of any personal ethical values that influenced the decision process.
Step 7: Proofread the paper for spelling and grammatical issues and third person writing as this assignment requires college-level writing. Use the spell and grammar check in Word as a first measure;Have someone who has excellent English skills to proof the paper;Consider submitting the paper to the Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC will provide 4-6 areas that may need improvement.
Step 8: Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered a student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. No exceptions will be considered by the instructor).
Ethical Dilemmas in Business
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Ethical dilemmas in business
Introduction
The maximization of profits, minimization of expenditure and the expansion of any venture are some of the core objectives that every business strives to achieve. In a bid to reach these objectives, there are various issues that businesses, both domestic and global grapple with. They include legal concerns, customer satisfaction, dealing with employees at every level, ensuring that the management understand the objectives of the business and strive to achieve them and lastly ethical concerns.
In the making of decisions that affect the business, most of the decision makers grapple with ensuring that the said step taken is considered as right. This is all in an effort to ensure that they keep their customers loyal as well as attract new ones and also maintain the motivation of their employees to always strive to be the best. The major obligation in businesses however lies in distinguishing of good and evil.
There are ethical issues that have to be looked at that many businesses include, the mechanisms put in place to guide the hiring and termination criteria of their employees, the process of making decisions, the maintenance of trust and issues of integrity, the internal policy that deals with managing diversity in the business and how the business handles compliance and governance issues. All these have to also be looked at through the legal lenses to ensure that the domestic and international legal obligations are met in the management of a given business. In the case provided, there are various issues, both legal and ethical that needs to be addressed with regards to the conduct of Kerry and Nunez.
The issues this paper intends to deal with are the dilemmas that businesses face every day when their agents violate set legal and ethical rules in pursuit of landing business deals.
Ethical issues in business
There are various issues that businesses face every day with regards to the actions and decisions made. Many of these are looked at within the context of right or wrong. In the case the ethical dilemmas that presented themselves include fundamental issues that affected the trust and confidentiality agreement between Nunez and the ALE, the issues with regard to decision making in terms of who to share the business secrets with and matters to touch on governance and compliance with the legal and policy issues.
Kerry however had a personal dilemma with regards to alerting the management of the business of the conduct unbecoming by Nunez in him sharing the confidential information about the business secret with a potential client to gain competitive advantage. This was despite the advantage it gave them in clinching the contract.
In the sharing of the business secret with Milan, Nunez wanted to gain contractual advantage in order to clinch the multimillion dollar contract. This violates the fundamental principle of trust between an employer and their respective employee. It also puts the reputation of the business at risk as the secrets were unknowingly sent to all his twitter contacts hence the confidentiality of the business with other business partners put at risk. In the world of business, the issue of trust is key to the acquisition and retention of partners (Poppo, Zhou and Li, 2016). Despite the advantageous position the sharing of such information gave, the confidence and trust of the other business partners was equally important.
Another issue that is raised by the sharing of the business secret is the protection of intellectual property rights of trade secrets. As a scientific venture, the profitability and the commercialization of the trade secret in the design of their product is key. The employment relationship is governed by several written and unwritten rules that are all made to safeguard the interests of the business (Milgrim and Bensen, 2016).
In sharing of the information, the trade secret that was initially protected now ceases to have that advantage and hence the competitive advantage as well as the profitability of the methods ALE used in maintaining an edge in the production of plant products. This is because the duration given to legally protect the trade secret can be extended indefinitely as long as it is kept confidential in addition to remaining commercially viable under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, 1979.
The same case also applies to Kerry since he failed to inform the relevant authority, Joshua Hellman of the said breach. This has an effect on the level of trust and confidence bestowed upon him. Due to his silence, the issue of trust and confidence in him was also affected.
The ethical dilemma here is the acquisition of a contractual advantage to the business as against the protection of the secrets that have ensured the business maintains it competitive and profitability advantage over the rest. In leaking the business secrets to Milan, the issue of trust and maintenance of confidentiality for both Kerry and Nunez is brought to light.
The Kantian theory posits that the actions of one are an indication of the respect they have to the other. It also points to the fact that for the maintenance of relationships trust is crucial. In this case however, the actions by Kerry and Nunez have led to a breakdown in the trust the business had in them to conduct business as their agents…….
Ethical Dilemmas in Business
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Financial Management Quiz
ABC Corporation currently has an inventory turnover of 15.7, a payables turnover of 9.6, and a receivables turnover of 8.4. a. How many days are in the cash cycle? b. How many days are in the operating cycle?
Compute the Accounts Payable Period based on the following information: ABC Products provides the following information. Average Accounts Payable Balance is as follows: $800,000 Annual Cost of Goods sold is as follows: $9,000,000 Assume 365 days. Compute the Accounts Payable period.
Compute the Operating Cycle based on the following information: ABC Products provides the following information. Average Collection Period 45 days Accounts Payable Period 45 days Average age of inventory 60 days Compute operating cycle
Consider the following financial statement information for ABC Corporation. Assume all sales are on credit. a. How long is the cash cycle? b. How long is the operating cycle?
Financial Management Quiz
The ABC Corporation has the following estimated quarterly sales for next year. The average collection period is 30 days. Purchases are equal to 64 percent of the following quarter’s sales. Suppliers are normally paid in 60 days. Determine the a. Cash received from customers in Quarter 2 b. Ending Accounts Receivables Balance in Quarter 2 c. Cash paid to suppliers in Quarter 2 d. Ending Accounts Payable Balance in Quarter 2 e. Cash received from customers in Quarter 3 f. Ending Accounts Receivables Balance in Quarter 3 g. Cash paid to suppliers in Quarter 3 h. Ending Accounts Payable Balance in Quarter 3
Solve next four questions based on the following information: Month Sales Month Sales Jan $15,306 July $21,083 Feb $15222 Aug $25,000 Mar $20,121 Sept $25,400 Apr $22,400 Oct $18,950 May $19,220 Nov $19,220 June $20,212 Dec $19,088 The company has estimated expenses as follows: General and Administrative Expenses per month: $5,500 Material Purchases (are paid in the month following the purchase): 11% of sales Interest Expense per month: $250 Rent expenses per quarter starting March: $950 Sales are collected as follows: In the month of sales: 20% In the next month: 5% After 2 months: 30% After 3 months: Remaining Balance
Find the cash outflows for February
Calculate the cash outflows for June
Calculate the collection from sales for December
Calculate the collection from sales for June
Financial Management Quiz
The actual sales and purchases for White Inc. for September and October 2006, along with its forecast sales and purchases for the November 2006 through April 2007, follow. Year Month Sales Purchases 2006 September $310,000 $220,000 2006 October 350,000 250,000 2006 November 270,000 240,000 2006 December 260,000 200,000 2007 January 240,000 180,000 2007 February 280,000 210,000 2007 March 300,000 200,000 2007 April 350,000 190,000
The firm makes 30 percent of all sales for cash and collects 35 percent of its sales in each of the two months following the sale. Other cash inflows are expected to be $22,000 in September and April, $25,000 in January and March, and $37,000 in February. The firm pays cash for 20 percent of its purchases. It pays for 40 percent of its purchases in the following month and for 40 percent of its purchases two months later.
Wages and salaries amount to 15 percent of the preceding month’s sales. Lease expenses of $30,000 per month must be paid. Interest payments of $20,000 are due in January and April. A principal payment of $50,000 is also due in April. The firm pays cash dividend of $30,000 in January and April. Taxes of $120,000 are due in April. The firm also intends to make a $55,000 cash purchase of fixed assets in December.
Assuming that the firm has a cash balance of $25,000 at the beginning of November and its desired minimum cash balance is $25,000, prepare a cash budget for November through April and determine the cash surplus/deficit for each month.
Financial Management Quiz
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Multinational Enterprise
Order Instructions:
Please comment/answer the following two questions:
1. What are the main reasons that the cost of capital for a MNE tend to be lower than a domestic counterpart domiciled in the same country? 2. Describe a situation/reasons where the cost of capital for a purely domestic firm might be actually lower than for a MNE that is headquartered in the same country.
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Multinational Enterprise
Reasons why the cost of capital for an MNE tend to be lower than a domestic counterpart domiciled in the same country
A multinational enterprise operating in the global and international markets will tend to have a lower cost of capital. There are a number of scenarios and reasons for this phenomenon. A first is that the MNE has access to a wide array of capital markets, and hence a choice of more sources of funding (Moffett, Stonehill, & Eiteman, 2015, p. 292). Within these sources, there is a high probability of finding capital at a lower cost than is available in their home country.
A second reason is that the portfolio of securities available to a firm with operations in one country is only appealing to a small circle of investors within that state. On the other hand, an MNE has a portfolio of securities that appeal to both local and international investors (2015, p. 293).
A situation and/or reasons where the cost of capital for a purely domestic firm might be actually lower than for an MNE that is headquartered in the same country.
In some countries, the capital markets are well developed. Such scenarios are primarily in the economies where there is a high dependence on manufacturing……
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Process Management and Productivity
Order Instructions:
In this Session Long Project, you will be able to use your creativity. You will choose a specific type of non-manufacturing business from the list below. You will use this business type and create your own organization around it. In each SLP module you will create issues/challenges about the specific Operations Management topic and discuss these issues/challenges and how you would solve them.
NOTE: When choosing your business/project, you need to consider that it will meet the criteria for all SLP assignments. Module 2 covers Total Quality Management, Module 3 talks about Supply Chain Planning using Operations Strategy (Module 4).
Session Long Project
Choose one of the following types of service organizations: Hospital, Car Repair, generic family restaurant, Information Technology consulting, Software Development, or another organization type with Instructor Approval.
Read about the real company online in the same industry and then create/invent your own company of this type. Be creative. Make this company real.
Identify several key processes in a process flow diagram. The most important aspect of inventing your company is determining the key PROCESSES. What is the work being done to provide your services to your customers? What are the repetitive processes of obtaining the materials, supplies, etc., and moving them through the company via processes to generate the outputs?
Write the paper with the focus on the following topics.
Discuss the key processes and how these processes would be analyzed.
What are some ways the processes could be improved?
Discuss concepts and ideas from process improvement and lean thinking.
Identify and discuss at least three productivity issues that this company faces. Include the various productivity ratios that would be calculated. Generate some numbers indicating the current level of productivity.
Identify and discuss how this company would deal with improving its productivity
This paper should be approximately 4 pages in length, counting the introduction, body, and summary. You should include references and cite them properly in the paper. Generally, at least three references should be used. Find references about productivity in your type of business.
SLP Assignment Expectations
First discuss some background about your company. You can give it a name. How big is the organization – people, size, etc.? What is its mission? Who are its customers?
Then identify at least one area of concern for productivity. Identify at least three productivity measures. While it is not required, if you want, you can also create some numbers and show the calculation of the productivity measures.
Identify the key processes. What are the steps involved in the processes? Do the processes interact?
What are some possible ways that these processes could be improved for productivity? Consider how you can produce more output and/or reduce the inputs, so that you can increase productivity.
What are some problems or issues that you might encounter as you attempt to change the processes? How could you overcome these problems/issues?
Module Overview
Processes are fundamental to all the activities that produce goods and activities. For example, operations managers make process decisions about the type of work to be done in-house, the extent of automation to use, the technologies to pursue, etc.
Operations management transforms inputs (labor, capital, equipment, land, buildings, materials, and information) into outputs (goods and services) that provide added value to customers. The figure below summarizes the transformation process. The arrow labeled “Transformation System” is the critical element in the model that will determine how well the organization produces goods and services that meet customer needs. It does not matter whether the organization is a for-profit company, a non-profit organization (religious organizations, hospitals, etc.), or a government agency; all organizations must strive to maximize the quality of their transformation processes to meet customer needs.
Example of typical transformation process
The 3M Company is a good example of the strategic importance of transforming inputs into outputs that provide competitive advantage in the marketplace. 3M manufactures a top-quality adhesive tape called “Magic Tape”. Magic Tape is used for everyday taping applications, but it offers attractive features that most other tapes do not, including smooth removal from the tape roll, an adhesive that is sticky enough to hold items in place (but not too sticky that it cannot be removed and readjusted if necessary), and a non-reflective surface. For several decades, 3M has enjoyed a substantial profit margin on its Magic Tape product because 3M engineers make the manufacturing equipment and design the manufacturing processes that produce Magic Tape.
In other words, 3M enjoys a commanding competitive advantage by controlling the transformation processes that turn raw material inputs into the high value-added Magic Tape product. Controlling the transformation process makes it extremely difficult for competitors to produce tape of the same quality as Magic Tape, allowing 3M to reap significant profits from this superior product.
An opposite example of the strategic implications of the input/output transformation process is 3M’s decision in the 1980s to stop manufacturing VHS tape for video players and recorders. In the VHS tape market, 3M had no proprietary manufacturing advantage, as there were many Asian competitors that could produce high-quality VHS tape at lower cost. Since 3M had no proprietary control over the transformation process for VHS tape that would allow the company to protect its profit margins for this product, it dropped VHS tape from its offerings. The two 3M examples of Magic Tape and VHS tape show how important the transformation process and operations management can be to providing and protecting an organization’s competitive advantage.
A service example of the strategic importance of the transformation process is ING Bank, a banking company that conducts all banking transactions through the Internet, phone, and mail. ING maintains no traditional bank facilities, except for the buildings that house the employees that execute remote transactions with ING’s customers. This strategy results in tremendous cost savings and competitive advantage to ING by not having to spend capital resources on land and buildings that traditional banks must spend. Consequently, ING can offer its customers’ higher interest rates on savings accounts and lower interest rates on loans.
A major responsibility of Operations Management is to measure performance and determine ways to improve it. Productivity measurement and process improvement are the focus of this first module.Productivity is a major concern of most businesses. It is a fundamental basis of competition, to reduce costs and do more with less. Productivity in the U.S. is measured and has been for over 125 years by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor productivity is a key index that is used to determine how the overall economy is doing year to year.The basic measurement is the ratio of Output/Input. Or, Productivity = O/I.
But industries and individual businesses also measure productivity. And it is this measurement that is key to productivity and process improvement. Without quantitative measurement, you cannot know if you are improving.
At the business level, there are many ways to count output and input. For example, you could have the output measured as the number of parts produced and the input is the number of hours. Prod = widgets/hour. A key criterion for counting each of these is to make sure you are using the same time period, that you are matching the actual input effort to the outputs generated. You must also use the same process for each. For example, counting widgets, you would look at a specific process and/or group of people for a specific time period, say last week, Monday thru Friday. If this group of people produced 3500 widgets collectively, and spent 200 hours collectively, then you would get, P = 3500 widgets/200 hours. Or, P = 17.5 widgets / hr.
Productivity is measured using simple or complex ratios of outputs/inputs. At the business level, there are many financial ratios that are measures of productivity (e.g., ROS, or Return on Sales). If you consider the amount of Sales as input to generating profit, and profit is the results or the output, then you get ROS = Profit/Sales. Businesses measure their productivity in different ways based on what makes sense to them and what is important. But for Operations Management, the key productivity measures have to do with the inputs and outputs within Operations.
So once a measurement system is in place, an improvement program can be implemented. Improvements come by focusing on PROCESSES. Processes are the repetitive actions in a specific sequence that are intended to produce a specific output. Outputs can be parts and components that make up a finished product, or part of a service or the finished service.
Businesses are always trying to improve productivity and processes in order to be competitive. Indeed, some companies attempt to be the “low-cost leader”, which then makes productivity a driving force for the business. Other businesses consider productivity a necessity to keep ahead of inflation, to keep costs down, and to maintain margins.
Process improvement can take several different forms within a business. This can be viewed by the amount of change being made in the process. There is the incremental process improvement, which utilizes small changes. The next amount of change usually considers a wholesale change to the process, called Process Re-engineering. This approach attempts to redo a whole process by looking at it from the view of how this process should be designed from scratch. The third approach is fostered by Lean Thinking, which is to look at the chain of processes, both inside the company and outside, including those of its up-strain supply chain and down-stream supply chain. This kind of change is radical.
Actually, in lean thinking, all three kinds of process change are used. Kaikaku is radical change, which can also include some aspects of process re-engineering. Kaizen is the incremental continuous improvement efforts. And the focus of this change is to eliminate waste, or muda. By eliminating muda, processes become efficient and productivity is improved throughout.
Steps to Improving Productivity
Identify the process – what are the activities involved in the flow of work – what is the starting point and what is the ending point?
Identify the outputs – What is the output of the process? What is the end result and how do you count or measure this? What is the basic time frame you are using?
Identify the inputs – What are the inputs of the process? Labor hours, quantity of materials, energy, etc.? How can you count or measure these inputs?
Determine the Productivity Measure – What is the Productivity Measure you want to use to calculate, Outputs/Inputs? Which inputs are you concerned about?
Determine a data collection process – How do you collect the data during the time period? Is there a system or method for counting the outputs and inputs during the same time period?
Analyze the steps in the process and determine how to modify it to obtain more output with the same inputs, or the same outputs with less inputs, or more outputs with less inputs.
What Are Ways to Generate Labor Productivity?
Increase the rate of at least one process step.
Eliminate or combine process steps. – Time and motion study -Lean engineering
Automate – replace the manual process with a machine process.- Partial Automation – add the use of tools, jigs, and fixtures to aid the work and speed up the process.- Full Automation – completely replace the worker with a machine.
Reduce non-productive time that is included in the labor input.- Setup or changeover time -Interruptions
Machine or tool breakdowns or problems
Stop for quality issueso Waiting for material to arrive
How the U.S. Dept. of Labor measure productivity. (2017). U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/bls/productivity.htm
Note – Copy link in your browser for going directly to the reading.
Watson, R. (2010). Freight capacity will tighten, carrier executives predict, Transport Topics. Alexandria: Nov 22, 2010. pp. 3-4, AN(815411742)
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Process Management and Productivity
Introducing the company
The company of choice, in this case, is a hospital. The firm is Better Medical Hospital, an organization aimed at the improvement of enhancing service delivery and improving the quality of healthcare for the community. These two statements define the mission of the organization. Better Medical has a bed capacity of 200 and around 2500 employees at the facility. The facility offers proactive treatment outreach to the community, diagnosis, treatment, and palliative and end of life care services. The target customers for the firm are members of the public within the county and state. However, the firm anticipates receiving a few referral cases from out of state regions in the country.
Key processes within the organization
Diagnosis processes
Diagnostic processes within Better Medical Hospital are vital to the operations of the institution. The process involved in the diagnosis of a patient varies depending on the possible predetermined outcomes. While the steps may be different for varying situations, the process will usually commence with an assessment of the patient. This will consist of looking into their medical history on record and asking relevant questions – about themselves and the symptoms. The second stage of testing may follow if the practitioner requires further analysis of test results before making a decision. A third stage is the consultation and referral to other MDs who may be specialized in the identified condition. Treatment and follow up usually follow this stage of the process.
Medication processes
The medication process within the organization involves a critical step in the achievement of the firm’s goals. Owing to the risk involved and importance of this process, it bears significant importance to the firm (Lisby, Nielsen, & Mainz, 2005, pp. 20 – 21). The process involves an array of services including the handling of requests from MDs on various types of medication, ensuring timely administration of treatment, measuring correct dosages, and the use of correct and relevant technology. This step is identified as critical in the healthcare fraternity, and potent to most of the errors that may lead to severe repercussions (Magalhães, et al., 2015).
Documentation processes
The treatment of patients, identification of problems, and conducting of meaningful medical research depend on existence and maintenance of data and information. As such, the process of documentation within the organization is important for various reasons: medical research, business development, and operations management among others (Cheng, Gilchrist, Robinson, & Paul, 2009). The process of documentation encompasses all personnel within the firm at different levels, reasons, and capacities. This case, however, only focuses on the documentation process that revolves around the customer.
Patient flow processes
Ensuring a consistent flow of patients within the facility is critical to the success of the organization and achieving its goals of a better community. The patient flow process is dependent on an array of factors that together determine whether the operations within the hospital is optimal. Such factors include the available space, capacity, utilization rate, delay in diagnosis, consensus between personnel, delay in discharge, and patient waiting times among others. In this case, customer satisfaction is the metric used to measure the effectiveness of the patient flow process within the firm….
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