Research Paper – Page 2 – Best Essay Writers

Research Based Report

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Research Based Report

Your last writing assignment will be a report to a decision-maker on a problem and solution in an organization or community.

In the report, you will do the following:

define the problem persuasively and accurately
propose a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
present that solution to a decision-maker or group of decision-makers who can implement the recommendation.

The report will include the following components:

executive summary
letter to the decision-maker
table of contents
introduction
body of the report to include headings and subheadings
conclusion stated as a recommendation for implementation of the solution
References page, with references listed in APA format

o Instructions on how to list an interview in APA format can be seen at the following url: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/11/

The complete report should be 2200-3000 words, not including the list of references.

The complete report should also cite at least seven sources. At least three of them should come from peer-reviewed, scholarly journals. As noted above, your sources can also include interviews. The sources will be integrated into the paper to explain the problem, provide evidence of the problem, and support the solution.

Research Based Report

Defining the Specific Problem

In preparing to write this assignment, please be aware of the following cautions in fulfilling the assignment instructions:

If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply prepare a report on
teleworking. You must show that teleworking will solve a specific problem or problems in your organization.
If you are proposing that email be used less frequently for communication at your workplace and that another application be used to improve communication, you cannot simply write a report on the problem with having too much email. You must show that the use of email at your current workplace presents problems and that the use of another means of communication would solve the problem.
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a paperless office. You must show that your specific office can go paperless and indicate the benefits of your specific office going paperless.
If you write a report to the board of directors at your townhouse community to argue that the playground area in your community should be renovated, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a playground for a neighborhood. You must show that your specific neighborhood will benefit from renovations in its playground.
If you write a report to the manager of your unit at work noting that recycling facilities in the workplace should be improved, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of recycling or of good recycling facilities in offices. You must show that your specific work environment lacks adequate recycling facilities and show how it will benefit from improved recycling facilities.

Research Based Report

A Reminder about the Role of Primary Research in Supporting the Argument

For your report, you will very likely find it beneficial to conduct some primary research. For writing assignment #3, you gathered some primary research. For writing assignment #4, you want to fill in any gaps needed by conducting additional primary research if necessary. Some suggestions for primary research were given in the instructions for writing assignment

They are as follows:

For a report on teleworking, you might conduct interviews with fellow workers on the topic to see how and why they might benefit from teleworking.
If you are proposing that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication, you might interview fellow employees on the situation, and you might take screen captures of alternative communication tools to illustrate how they work and would improve communication in your office.
For a report on transitioning to a paperless office, you might take pictures of your office environment showing the clutter or unsafe environment that hard-copy files create.
For a report on building a playground area in the community, you might take pictures of the community area to show where such a playground could be built, and you might interview residents who have children.
For a report on recycling facilities, you might take pictures of the office environment to show that current recycling facilities are inadequate, and you might interview fellow workers about whether they find it easy to recycle materials at your office.

Please note that, if you interview people for your research, you must cite the interviews in your paper. In the paper, you cannot simply write that you “spoke with employees.” A url on how to cite an interview in APA citation style is provided in the list of components for the report.

Length of your paper:
Your report should be 2200-3000 words in length. Again, you are required to use at least seven sources, with at least three of them being acquired through UMUC Library OneSearch.

Graphics:
Your report might benefit from graphics. As mentioned above, pictures of your workplace or community situation might help illustrate the problem you are trying to address. Graphs, tables, or charts might help show trends that will persuade your decision-maker that the problem exists.
Please do not incorporate a graphic for the sake of incorporating a graphic. Include a graphic only if it helps communicate a message in your report.

Strategies to Consider for this Assignment:

Victoria University of Wellington has a thorough outline and review of the components of this type of business report.
Queen Margaret University has an excellent guide for this type of report.
Murdoch University has an excellent guide for this type of report.
Colorado State University presents excellent tips in organizing the report.

Research Based Report

Topics to Help You Come Up with Ideas on this Assignment:

Some possible workplace research topics are the following. These are examples to help you get started. Please contact your instructor to have other topic ideas approved.

Going to a wireless network
Going to a paperless office
Switching from Windows to Linux (or other similar switch)
Installing/upgrading company firewall
Establishing a drug policy
Establishing an employee leave donation program
Establishing an equipment donation program for used computers, etc.
Establishing a company recycling program (paper, etc.)
Education/retraining for your employees
Establishing a program for millennial workers (e.g., training on certain aspects of etiquette, on understanding other generations, etc.)
Designing a training program for workplace safety issues
Redesigning employee performance evaluations
Developing a work-at-home (telecommuting) policy
Developing a flex-time policy
Establishing on-site day care or providing other child care benefits
Providing gym membership or creating an on-site workout facility
Creating or revising a charitable contribution policy
Creating or improving a tuition assistance program
Accommodations needed for employee/s with specific health issues (for example, migraines)
Establishing a Habitat for Humanity (or other group) chapter at your organization

Research Based Report

Some students have chosen topics outside of their workplaces, such as the following:

Starting a neighborhood watch program
Starting a mentor program at your place of worship
Getting additional lighting in the neighborhood
Changing traffic patterns around your child’s school
Starting a PTA website for your child’s school
Installing a tot lot in your neighborhood
Constructing a crying baby room at your place of worship
Offering ESL courses at your church
Increasing participation in a military Family Support Group
Introducing a youth sports program to a school or community

Research Based Report

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Research Purpose

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Research Purpose

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate purpose statements in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Analyze alignment among theory, problem, and purpose in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Explain relationship between research and social change
Apply APA Style to writing

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Chapter 4, “Research Design”

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.

Chapter 10, “Writing the Research Proposal”

Discussion: Evaluating Purpose Statements

For this Discussion, you will evaluate the purpose statements in assigned journal articles in your discipline and consider the alignment of theory, problem, and purpose. You will also explain your position on the relationship between research and social change.

Alignment means that a research study possesses clear and logical connections among all of its various components. To achieve these connections, researchers must carefully craft the components of their study such that when they are viewed together, there is a coherent interrelationship.

As you read the authors’ purpose statements, consider how well the intent of the study, and its connection to the problem and theoretical framework, is presented. Also consider if the purpose statement reveals the study’s potential for engendering positive social change.

Post a critique of the research study in which you:

Evaluate the purpose statement using the Purpose Statement Checklist as a guide
Analyze alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose
Explain your position on the relationship between research and social change

Research Journal Article

Swan, B., Coulombe-Quach, X-L, Huang, A., Godek, J., Becker, D., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Meeting the needs of gifted and talented students: Case study of a virtual learning lab in a rural middle school. Journal of Advanced Academics, 26(4), 294–319. doi:10.1177/1932202X15603366

Rubric

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Research Purpose

Evaluation of the purpose statement

Swan, Coulombe-Quach, Huang, Godek, Becker, and Zhou provide a purpose statement for their article as “… to provide stakeholders with an authoritative, in-depth well-documented explication of a virtual learning lab (VLL) school located in a rural region in the Southeastern United States and information about its benefits and challenges” (2015, p. 295). The purpose statement in this article identifies the problem of inadequate teaching and learning in brick and mortar schools that presents the need to study the VLL School.

The authors provide a justification of the problem by diluting the need for traditional brick and mortar model through a comparative analysis of blended learning. The purpose statement conveys the approach used in the study to address the problem; more research into VLL schools. Of the twelve sources used in the literature section of the article, seven are within five years of the article’s publication date.

Analysis of the alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose

The theory, problem, and purpose of the article have logical connections among the various components (Babbie, 2017, pp. 97 – 98, 338). The prevalent connection among the three is the is the use of a blended learning theory to solve the problem of dependency on traditional brick and mortar schools to achieve the purpose of extending the research into the virtual learning labs and blended models of teaching and learning….

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

For this Discussion, you will evaluate quantitative research questions and hypotheses in assigned journal article and consider the alignment of theory, problem, purpose, research questions and hypotheses, and design.

You will also identify the type of quantitative research design the authors used and explain how it was implemented.

Discuss a critique of the research study in which you:

• Evaluate the research questions and hypotheses using the Research Questions and Hypotheses Checklist as a guide

• Identify the type of quantitative research design used and explain how the researchers implemented the design

• Analyze alignment among the theory, problem, purpose, research questions and hypotheses, and design

Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Reading Resources

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Chapter 5, “Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement”

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.Chapter 4, “Quantitative Research Designs”

Assigned journal article

Canfield, M. L., Kivisalu, T. M., van der Karr, C., King, C., & Phillips, C. E. (2015). The use of course grades in the assessment of student learning outcomes for general education. Sage Open, 1–13. doi: 10.1177/2158244015615921

Evaluating Research Questions

Research Questions and Hypotheses Checklist

Use the following criteria to evaluate an author’s research questions and/or hypotheses. Look for indications of the following:

• Is the research question(s) a logical extension of the purpose of the study?

• Does the research question(s) reflect the best question to address the problem?

• Does the research question(s) align with the design of the study?

• Does the research question(s) align with the method identified for collecting data? If the study is qualitative, does the research question(s) do as follows?

• Relate the central question to the qualitative approach

• Begin with What or How (not Why)

• Focus on a single phenomenon

• Use exploratory verbs

• Use non-directional language

• Use an open-ended format

• Specify the participants and research site
If the study is quantitative:

• Do the descriptive questions seek to describe responses to major variables?

• Do the inferential questions seek to compare groups or relate variables?

• Do the inferential questions follow from a theory?

• Are the variables positioned consistently from independent/predictor to dependent/outcome in the inferential questions?

• Is a null and/or alternative hypothesis provided as a predictive statement?

• Is the hypothesis consistent with its respective research question?

• Does the question(s) and/or hypothesis specify the participants and research site? If the study is mixed methods, do the research questions and/or hypotheses do the following?

• Include the characteristics of a good qualitative research question (as listed above)

• Include the characteristics of a good quantitative research and/or hypothesis (as listed above)

• Indicate how the researcher will mix or integrate the two approaches of the study

• Specify the participants and research site

• Convey the overall intent of the study that calls for a mixed methods approach

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

Canfield, Kivisalu, Van Der Karr, King, and Phillips (2015), present a discussion on the validity of the use of course grading as an effective method of assessing the learning outcomes of students. The research questions used in the study are in line with the purpose of the study. The descriptive questions used in the article seek to describe the responses to the main variables through the assessment of discriminant and convergent validity.

The inferential questions seek to both compare groups and relate inter-group and intra-group variables. These inferential questions follow the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) of assessment. The research questions used in the study also align with the chosen technique of analysis of the collected data (Babbie, 2017, pp. 426 – 438). In this case, the choice of the multitrait-multimethod aligns with the research questions.

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Doctoral Research Review

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Doctoral Research

Order Instructions:

Reading and Reviewing a Doctoral research dissertation for quality.

Read the doctoral article: 2010Teacher and Administrator Perceptions of Administrative Responsibilities for Implementing the Jacobs Model of Curriculum Mapping By Valerie Lyle
Then:
• Review the problem statement on Page 14.

• Use the dissertation checklist (see below) to analyze the quality of the dissertation’s problem statement.

To complete:

• Explain whether you think this draft meets Rubric checklist (see below) and dissertation checklist standards.

• Justify for your evaluation.

• Use APA style with citations.

Required Reading

Single, P. B. (2010). Demystifying dissertation writing: A streamlined process from choice of topic to final text. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.Chapter 3, “Interactive Reading and Note Taking

Intro and Section 3.1, “Scholarly Reading is the Foundation of Your Dissertation” (pp. 55–58)Section 3.4, “Interactive Reading in Practice (pp. 63–64)

Butin, D. W. (2010). The education dissertation: A guide for practitioner scholars. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.Chapter 4, “Structuring Your Research” (pp. 63–69)

Dissertation Checklist: Qualitative
• State the research problem.

• Provide evidence of consensus that the problem is current, relevant, and significant to the discipline.

• Frame the problem in a way that builds upon or counters previous research findings focusing primarily on research conducted in the last 5 years.

Doctoral Research

Rubric Checklist

Quality Indicators

Nine key indicators have been identified to assure the overall quality of the EdD doctoral study at this point in its development. Supervisory committee members will use these indicators to give ongoing feedback and to document their final evaluation of the Doctoral Study Prospectus in MyDR. Students should use these indicators to guide development of the prospectus.

Rubric

A Doctoral Study Prospectus shows the potential of leading to a doctoral-quality doctoral study only if the answer to all of the following standards is either “Target” or “Acceptable” on the rubric.

1. Complete?Does the prospectus contain all the required elements? Refer to the annotated outline to see the required parts of the Doctoral Study Prospectus document.

2. Meaningful?Has a meaningful problem or gap in practice been identified? In other words, is addressing this problem the logical next step, building on what is already known, and does it stay within the student’s area of professional practice (i.e., topics that the program coursework covers)?

3. Justified?Is evidence presented that this problem is significant to the local site as well as the discipline and/or professional field? The prospectus should provide relevant statistics and evidence, documentable discrepancies, and other scholarly facts that point to the significance and urgency of the problem. The problem must be an authentic “puzzle” that needs solving, not merely a topic that the researcher finds interesting.

4. Grounded?Is the problem framed to enable the researcher to either build on or counter the previously published findings on the topic? For most fields, grounding involves articulating the problem within the context of a theoretical base or conceptual framework. The essential requirement is that the problem is framed such that the new findings will have implications for the previous findings.

5. Original?Does this project have potential to make an original contribution toward addressing a gap in practice? Addressing the problem should result in an original contribution to the field.

6. Impact?Does this project have potential to affect positive social change? As described in the Significance section (see annotated outline), the anticipated findings and project should have potential to support the mission of Walden University to promote positive social change.

7. Feasible?Can a systematic method of inquiry be used to address the problem? The tentative methodology demonstrates that the researcher has considered the options for inquiry, selected an approach that has potential to address the problem, and considered potential risks and burdens placed on research participants.

8. Aligned?Do the various aspects of the prospectus align overall? The research methodology and design should align with the problem, research questions, and tentative approaches to inquiry.

9. Objective?Is the topic approached in an objective manner? The framing of the problem should not reveal bias or present a foregone conclusion. Even if the researcher has a strong opinion on the expected findings, the researcher must maximize scholarly objectivity by framing the problem in the context of a systematic inquiry that permits multiple possible conclusions.

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Doctoral Research

The three paragraphs present a discussion on three tasks used to assess APA formatting among students as outlined by Chism and Weerakoon (2012). The study consisted of three tasks where the first indicated an inconsistency with the APA formatting among instructors, peers, and the students. The second task showed the need for consistent practice to improve on some areas of APA formatting. The third task illuminates the need for corrective reinforcement of the APA standard among graduate students.

In the article, not all pieces of evidence given are explained, which implies a lack of proper analysis on the part of the author. Second, the paragraphs lack transitional phrasing to link the main ideas in the article and between paragraphs. Third, the ideas in the paragraphs have a connection, albeit an indistinct one in some instances, to the main ideas in the respective paragraphs.

Paragraph 1 addition analysis:

After calculating the results, the task showed that APA formatting is a challenge for graduate students with a mean error rate of 30% (Chism & Weerakoon, 2012, pg. 35). This implies that at least four students made errors, and at least 18 of the 61 errors could not be identified…..

Doctoral Research

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The Effect of Online Sales on the Art Market Research Journal

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Research Journal

Order Instructions:

The Research JOURNAL (not paper) documents the stages of the intellectual journey that got you through the dissertation. It’s a ‘scrap book’ of things you’ve seen, read, and thought about. It is NOT a bunch of printed out stuff you’ve collated from the Internet, or from articles and books. It documents AND comments on your research. And explaining why which sources where useful etc.

You can present the process of your research as a digital format such as on Workflow
basically 1)go through the dissertation 2)main ideas 3)main developments 4)how these came about 5)sources used and comments and how these contributed to any ideas and thoughts

The Research Journal documents the stages of the intellectual journey that got you through the dissertation. It’s a ‘scrap book’ of things you’ve seen, read, and thought about. It is NOT a bunch of printed out stuff you’ve collated from the Internet, or from articles and books. It documents AND comments on your research. And explaining why which sources where useful etc.

You can present the process of your research as a digital format such as on Workflow
basically1)go through the dissertation 2)main ideas3)main developments4)how these came about5)sources used and comments and how these contributed to any ideas and thoughts

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The Effect of Online Sales on the Art Market Research Journal

A Background

The online art market has evolved tremendously in the last decades, leading to a transformation not only witnessed in how art is developed but also how it is sold and distributed. A study of these changes and particularly the role of the internet in the changing façade of art inspired great interest in me as I sought to understand the changes in both the primary and secondary art markets. It is interesting to note how online sales have opened up new doors for artists and art buyers and collectors through enabling a reach that permeates global borders.

Artists no longer have to rely on physical locations to sell their art and buyers are not restricted to buying art in their home countries only thanks to online sales. Notably, the value of global online art sales increased by 24% between 2014 and 2015, and that by the year 2020, it is expected to hit US$9.58 billion (Hiscox, 2017). In recognition of this momentous growth in art, a further inquiry into how online sales have affected different markets including primary art galleries, auction houses and art fairs was considered ideal for this research.

The aim was to understand how different art markets are responding to the changes emanating from increased online art sales and what it means for the future of art. This journal details my intellectual journey in writing my research, providing my experiences in the development of ideas, how these came about and how the various sources consulted contributed to creation of the research.

The research process

Developing this dissertation required that I plan effectively in order to ensure that the objectives of the research were accomplished. A summary of the various steps undertaken during the research are illustrated as follows.

Research Focus and Topic

Art in general has undergone significant progress, both in terms of art development and art market transformation. On the other hand, the internet has become an important aspect in today’s world as individuals increasingly gain access to the online technology. E-commerce as it is commonly known is the epitome of internet connectivity, enabling individuals from across the globe access products from all corners of the world through online selling.

Art has not been excluded from this advancement and online sales are continually dominating the art market. e-commerce and its impact on sales was the backbone of this research in a bid to establish how the art market was responding to this development. To suit my research, I opted to study the “The Affect of Online Sales on the Art Market.” This topic would allow me to explore how the art market has changed in the advent of online selling. To further enrich my research, I wanted to explore different art markets and how they have been affected by online sales.

These markets included primary art galleries, auction houses and art fairs, all of which have experienced significant transformation as a result of online sales. By studying each of the listed markets, I would be in a better position to understand how different players in the art market are adjusting to the new model of selling online. At the same time, I felt that studying the various markets would not yield the intended results unless I incorporated case studies to accompany the literature. This would give a better understanding of the how the art market has been affected by online selling by providing real-life examples of the various markets.

Main Ideas

One of the main ideas in my research was the role played by the internet in interconnecting people and hence the resulting convenience in trade. Since the advent of the internet, many possibilities among them online selling have emerged and these have transformed the world to a significant extent. This idea was at the core of the research because it sought to determine how online sales have influenced the art market. By understanding that internet connectivity is responsible for creating the online market, it was possible to deduce why the online market is so large and why it provides limitless opportunities for artists.

The second idea has to do with how players in the art market have positioned themselves to deal with growth in the context of online sales. As physical art sale locations continue to lose market due to the rise of online sales, it is only natural for entrepreneuring entities to refocus their strategy to the direction of online sales in order to capture the growing market. The research brings out this factor through the assessment of online art galleries and how they have managed to capture the online market as the physical galleries record deteriorating sales.

Based on this idea, the study examines the emergence of innovative online techniques to capture the market including the development of apps and websites features that enable buyers to evaluate and purchase art online. In this quest, the research examines popular apps including Magnus and websites such as Artsy, Artnet and Artspace. These not only demonstrate how art is being sold online but also the extent to which artists can reach a large market through such platforms compared to traditional art markets…..

Research Journal

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper

Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders (Nightmare Disorder, Insomnia Disorder)

Use exact headings for paper

Knowledge and understanding DSM 5 disorders

Prevalence Data

Diagnostic Criteria

Etiology

Treatment/medications

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Prognosis

Case Example

Case history of someone with disorder

Client’s strengths

Biological, psychological, and social influences of illness

Biopsychosocial assessment

Client’s demographics that may affect condition (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family relationships, etc.)

References (5) no websites

There are several different types of sleep disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Other sleep disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome.

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Evidence Translation and Change responses

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Evidence Translation and Change responses

Order Instructions:

Why would having a survey of the staff be beneficial for identifying the barriers before making changes? how can this help guide my research and projected changes?

While a range of health and health care entities collect data, the data do not flow among these entities in a cohesive or standardized way. Entities within the health care system face challenges when collecting race, ethnicity, and language data from patients, enrollees, members, and respondents

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Gathering, Analyzing, and Summarizing Research Literature

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Gathering, Analyzing, and Summarizing Research Literature

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Introduction

This week you will again gather at least four more articles pertinent to your research problem and discuss attributes surrounding the problem and your investigation of the problem. You will also again present the studies as a synthesized review in the discussion board.

Upon successful completion of this assignment you should be able to:

Summarize research literature pertinent to a nursing problem.

Resources

Textbook: Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (2018), Chapter 2, 4

PowerPoint: Chapter 2 Review of the Literature

File: Chapter 2 Review of the Literature, Notes

PowerPoint: Chapter 4 Writing Strategies & Ethical Consideration

File: Chapter 4 Writing Strategies & Ethical Consideration, Notes

Textbook: Practical Research: Planning and Design (2016): Chapter 3, 13

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PowerPoint: Chapter 3 Review of Related Literature

PowerPoint: Chapter 13 Plan & Prep Final Report

Textbook: Preparing Literature Reviews: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2016), Chapters 3, 4, and 5

Website: IWU Off Campus Library Services

Website: An Evidence Based Practice Toolkit for Nursing

Website: Cochrane Library

Website: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Website: How to Conduct a Literature Search http://0-apastylecentral.apa.org.oak.indwes.edu/learn/browse/TUT-10 and/or http://media.indwes.edu/media/Lit+Search+-+how+to+in+OCLS/0_7dn204mb

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File: Sample Spreadsheet of Articles Reviewed

File: Spreadsheet of Research Articles Reviewed

File: Spreadsheet of Research Study Analysis

File: Synthesized Summary-Draft 2.12.2018.docx

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Website: How to Write a Literature Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2d7y_r65HU and

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGI Part I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoYpyY9n9YQ Part II

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK6Lsl1tcm0 Part III

Background Information

Research questions often change during the search for current research articles related to the problem. According to Ling Pan (2016), a search which nets a large number of articles may warrant a narrowing of the question; and a search which nets only a handful of articles may call for a broader question. There may be other influences as well, i.e., when a previously thoroughly researched topic is now outdated. Some problems may be acknowledged in the literature, yet there are no current studies addressing the problem or subproblems. Be sure and use the databases in the OCLS and request help so that you get the literature you need. Also, it is not uncommon to revise the study question as needed to better target the problem.

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Instructions

Read chapters 2 and 4 in Research Design, chapters 3 and 13 in Practical Research: Planning and Design, and chapters 3, 4, and 5 in Preparing Literature Reviews: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Review all materials listed.

Navigate to the threaded discussion below and post your quantitative research question.

This discussion has three components:

Gathering Research Literature IV

In the OCLS, find four research studies which pertain to your topic/problem/ research question. (Your search results should provide additional articles. Save this search as you will be reviewing a total of 16 articles over the course of this class.) Ensure that your articles are within the past 4 or 5 years. If you cannot find more than 25 current articles related to your problem / question on this first search, let your instructor know immediately.

Complete the information requested on the spreadsheet entitled, Spreadsheet of Articles Reviewed for four articles and attach it to this discussion. The completed spreadsheet with 16 articles will be due with your final synthesized Literature Review due in Workshop Six day seven.

Analyzing Research Literature IV – Complete the information requested on the spreadsheet entitled, Spreadsheet of Research Study Analysis for each of the four studies for this week and attach to this discussion.

Summarizing Research Literature IV

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Statistical Concepts Essay Assignments

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Statistical Concepts

Order Instructions:

The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.

Part I: Essay Questions

There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.

Statistical Concepts

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Essay 1A

Group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not.

Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.

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For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.

Your essay must address the following points:

Describe the research question for this experiment.

What were the null and alternative hypotheses?

Were the results of this test statistically significant?

If so, why were they significant?Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Statistical Concepts

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Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.

What are some possible limitations to this study?

Discuss how you would conduct a follow up study to this one.

Explain your answer.

Describe the difference between practical and statistical significance.

Statistical Concepts

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Essay 2A

Researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a correlational study.

Evaluate the correlational result and identify the strength of the correlation

Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.

Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.

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Your essay response must address the following questions:

How strong is this correlation? Is this a positive or negative correlation?

What does this correlation mean?

Does this correlation imply that individuals with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages (GPA)?

Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA to go higher?

What other variables might be influencing this relationship?

What is the connection between correlation and causation?

What are some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation?Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?

If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?

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