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International Finance
Order Instructions:
Recently, Marriott International opened the Al Jadaff hotel in Dubai. Discuss qualitatively (no need to use any numbers) how Marriott International should adjust the estimated cash flow for the project and the discount rate when evaluating this project. Which adjustment (cash flow or discount rate) do you believe would be most effective in reflecting the risk of this foreign project?
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International Finance
Qualitative discussion on the adjustment of cash flows for Marriott International
Through the investment in the Al Jadaff hotel in Dubai, Marriott International exposes themselves to country risk. The firm may choose to use cash flow adjustment methods to determine the present value of the project – which would drive further operational, investment and financing decisions. The use of cash flow adjustments would primarily involve identification of prominent risk factors in each year (Damodaran, 2008). Each risk factor is used to discount the estimated cash flow for each year. The result is a net present value of the hotel determined from adjusted cash flows to various risk factors.
Discount Rate Adjustment
Alternatively, Marriott International may choose to use the discount rate as an adjustment method. In this case, when evaluating the Al Jadaff hotel project, the firm should use the prevailing discount rate as a measure to estimate the country’s risk rating. This done owing to the correlation between the discount rate and the project’s rate of return. As such, the adjustment to the rate of return or the discount rate in the capital budgeting approach may be useful in the determination of country risk (Madura, 2008, pp. 459 – 460).
Most effective approach in reflecting risk of the foreign project
The better method that provides an effective approach is the use of estimated cash flows. The effectiveness of this approach stems from the use of each individual cash flow and the specific form of risk affecting that particular cash flow….
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Writing in Mathematics
Order Instructions:
Based on the information in chapter 8 of the text (Sousa, 2015), write a 2- to 3-paragraph discussion of how you use or will use writing and language in your classroom, whatever your teaching level (currently teaching 8th grade math). Answer the following in your discussion:
Why is the use of writing and language important in the mathematics classroom?
Which learners will benefit from writing about mathematics?
Which learners will not benefit from writing about mathematics?
What can you do for those who may not benefit?
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Writing in Mathematics
Writing in the classroom is an important tool in the learning process. In a mathematics classroom, the practice of writing is important in communicating various mathematical concepts. This is achieved through the higher level of engagement of the brain sparked by writing as the student learns new concepts (Sousa, 2015, pp. 201 – 202). Therefore, the use of writing and language is essential in a mathematics classroom as an enabler of better and deeper learning.
While writing about mathematics is an essential tool in learning various mathematics concepts, not all students will benefit from the practice in the same way. The students who have a practical style of learning tend to benefit most from the use of writing and language in a mathematics class. This includes visual learners, auditory learners, and those who make the best use of tactile and kinesthetic methods of learning (Sousa, 2015, p. 202).
On the other hand, some learners will not benefit much from the use of writing and language in a mathematics class. This category of students includes those who have limited background knowledge and skill level, as well as students who do not have an interest in learning the material or pursuing it further (2015, pp. 205 – 206)….
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Quality Management System
Short Answer Essay Questions:
What is a quality management system that is structured to support organizational excellence? How does a quality management system developed to promote organizational excellence differ from the traditional product related quality systems?
Provide at least two specific examples of how quality as organizational excellence can be deployed through operations in a service related company. Include the process and possible quality-based methods and tools which can be applied in your response. Reference to class room workshops and examples are acceptable.
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Quality Management System
Question 1: A quality management system that is structured to support organizational excellence
A quality management system refers to the systems of business process management that ensure the products and services of a given business entity align with the needs and expectations of the customers. A quality management system that is structured to support organizational excellence provides a holistic management of the organization rather than a focus on the various integral parts of the organization with a focus on customer needs, strategic planning, and continuous improvement (van der Tuuk & Sibinga, 2008; Evans, 2013).
How a quality management system developed to promote organizational excellence differs from the traditional product-related quality systems
The traditional quality systems had a focus on improving quality after production. In addition, the traditional systems measure the quality of small batches as a means to determine the process performance. The employees are passive in the traditional systems and the management expects the minimum improvement annually. The traditional systems had a short-term focus, where the current profit is a major driver. In the traditional quality management system, quality is inspected into the product while there is a constant conflict between the shifts in productivity and quality (Goetsch & Davis, 2010)……
Question 2: How quality as organizational excellence can be deployed through operations in a service related company.
In a company whose main product or products are in the form of services, the concept of organizational quality and excellence may be deployed through various operations. In this case, an example of an insurance sales firm provides sufficient context. An organizational approach to ensure excellence, in this case, would involve the use of a statistical measure of sigma to quantify the operational processes required to maximize quality in the example of millions of sales per year. In this scenario, a measure of either 3 sigma or 6 sigma may be used to align operational efforts in the right channels (Dale, Wiele, & Iwaarden, 2007). A global organization such as AON or Prudential PLC may find such an operational approach useful…..
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International Joint Ventures
Order Instructions
The Board of Directions of an International Joint Venture Company must take important strategic decisions about the direction of the collaboration. Therefore, in setting up a new JVC, it is essential to consider how such decisions would be made. taking into consideration the desire of partners to expert an “appropriate” level of control over their JVC: (a) Critically compare the relative merits and limitations of making decisions by vote or by consensus (through power of veto) (b) if consensus is needed but then cannot be reached on a vote concerning a significant issue for the business, what options do the partners have to move forward?
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International Joint Ventures
Introduction
The concept of joint venture companies has been instrumental in the success of various firms across the world. The most common of these being strategic and international joint ventures, where two or more independent firms come together in a bid to conquer a market that neither of them would have achieved as individual entities (London Business School Review , 2013; Anderson, 1991, pp. 19 – 20). Prior to the success from the establishment of international joint ventures, a lot of work in terms of planning goes into the formation of the joint venture.
Among the critical points of the planning process involves the definition of terms of the joint venture agreement. Key among the terms in the agreement is the structure, control, and voting procedures of the board of directors of the joint venture company (Gutterman, 2017; Yan & Luo, 2016, pp. 87 – 89). Such terms in the preliminary stages of the formation of the joint venture outline, among others, the use and direction of decision-making tools.
Such tools include the use of veto power and the sharing, or lack thereof, of voting rights between the partners who make up the joint venture. This paper looks to expound on the use of voting as a tool to reaching a consensus within the board of directors of a joint venture company and the options available to them if there is no consensus on a vote.
Decisions by vote or consensus
During the course of operations, the board of directors in the strategic international joint venture will have to make many decisions regarding an array of issues. In spite of the issue at hand, there will be a need for consensus among the board members. Various decision tools are useful during such times, including authoritarian decisions, brainstorming, and voting. Of these examples, most international strategic joint ventures opt for the use of voting, since it provides a conclusive decision based on majority (Demirbag, 1997, pp. 143 – 146).
Other closely related options include the use of veto power and reaching a consensus through discussions before putting the issue at hand to a vote. The section below looks into the use of voting in an international joint venture by enumerating the various merits and limitations of using voting as a decision-making tool within the organization.
Merits of making decisions in a joint venture by vote
The use of the voting method as a decision-making method in a joint venture entails the casting of ballots to decide on an issue at hand. All the members of the board of directors will have a reasonable if not total understanding of options prior to casting of the votes. A key advantage of using this method is the ability to combine individual skills, strengths, and knowledge into a formidable block to push for decisions and relevant changes. Members with similar ideology will unite and provide a united front to discuss the ideas from a varied viewpoint in terms of skills and contributions toward the needed changes.
The use of the voting method for decision making in a joint venture company helps provide a unified front for the board of management. In this case, once the board completes the voting process, they come together and discuss the next steps. This allows for the enhanced understanding of the criterion of the decision, as well as the presentation of a collective effort to engage and act on the decision made. This is imperative to the continued operations of the joint venture organization and allows for fluid operation of the company through a united front from the directors.
By using the voting method, there is a sense of an enhanced commitment from the entire board of directors. The engagement of all the members of the board in the process instils a sense of belonging and camaraderie. In addition, in spite of their leaning on the decisions, the participation in the voting process and the implementation ensures a greater commitment from the entire team. This sense of commitment and belonging spurred by the voting method is vital to the effectiveness of the board in carrying out their mandate within the organization.
The method of voting as a decision making instrument in a joint venture will serve to inspire a sense of team spirit among the directors. The choice of voting helps bring together individuals with different points of view to collaborate on implementing a given task. In addition, the process serves as a team building activity through constant interaction with other board members who may not meet too often. This enhancement of team spirit allows the board to operate better together in times of unity and disagreement.
The use of voting in a joint venture is useful when the board of directors is pressed for time. When the directors need to make a quick decision on the direction that the firm should take on a given matter, a vote helps since it may be conducted in a single sitting from the individual views of the members. Such a scenario does not require prior engagement and the decision is made in a matter of a few hours. This allows for the quick turnaround on time-bound decisions that could be potentially beneficial to the organization.
In the same light of the ability to use the voting as a fast-paced method of decision-making in a joint venture company, the board of directors may use the method to eliminate non-critical decisions. At some point in the operation of the organization, the board will be faced with the challenge of making a number of simultaneous decisions that are time bound. In such a scenario, the use of voting could help the directors to eliminate the non-critical decisions quickly, thereby leaving room and time for discussions on the more demanding issues.
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Government Accounting
Order Instructions:
Overview
Complete two exercises in government accounting.
Governmental accounting has come under close scrutiny lately. Taxpayers are more concerned than ever about how their tax dollars are being spent by different government entities. By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course
Competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 4:
Analyze accounting issues related to government.
Record basic journal entries for fund financial statements.
Record basic journal entries for government-wide financial statements.
Differentiate between encumbrances and expenditures.
Differentiate between government activities and business-type activities.
Determine the consequences of certain transactions for state and local governments.
Context
Just as for-profit businesses must prepare financial statements for their stakeholders, state and local government entities must also assemble their financial data and report the results to their constituents. But because the readers of government financial statements have a wide variety of information needs, no single set of statements seems capable of satisfying all of the users. Accountability of government officials and control over public spending have always been essential elements of government accounting. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is charged with setting authoritative accounting standards for state and local government units.
In addition to the issues you examined in the previous assessment, there remains a number of other asset issues to deal with when governmental accounting procedures are involved. The first such issue involves obtaining assets through lease arrangements. Government accounting applies the same criteria for identifying a capital lease as a for-profit organization.
Some other issues include the following:
Solid waste landfills creating large potential debts for a government because of closure and postclosure costs.
Future compensated employee absences because of holidays, sick leave, and vacations.
A state or local government obtaining a work of art or historical treasure.
Questions to Consider
To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below concerning the principles and practices that underlie state and local government accounting, and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
Who uses the financial data produced by state and local government units?
How does fund accounting differ from financial accounting?
When does a government recognize revenues, expenses, and expenditures?
Why are two sets of financial statements necessary
For the following question, refer to the city of Sacramento’s Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports, linked in the Suggested Resources under the Internet Resources heading.
How does the audit opinion given to this city by its independent auditors differ from the audit opinion that might be rendered on the financial statements for a for-profit business?
Resources Required Resources
The following resources are required to complete the assessment.
Government Accounting Excel Workbook.
Internet Resources
Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication. City of Sacramento. (n.d.). Financial reporting. Retrieved from http://portal.cityofsacramento.org/Finance/Accounting/Reporting
National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Financial accounting for local and state school systems: Chapter 4: Governmental accounting. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2004/h2r2/ch_4.asp
Hoyle, J. B., Schaefer, T., & Doupnik, T. (2014). Fundamentals of advanced accounting (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 11, “Accounting for State and Local Governments, Part I.” Chapter 12, “Accounting for State and Local Governments, Part II.”
Assessment Instructions
Complete Exercises 1 and 2 in the Government Accounting Excel Workbook, linked in the Required Resources for this assessment. All financial information and applicable instructions are provided on each exercise worksheet.
Exercise 1: Fund-Based and Government-Wide Journal Entries Record basic journal entries for fund-based and government-wide financial statements.
Exercise 2: City Operations Transactions Differentiate between encumbrances and expenditures.Differentiate between government activities and business-type activities. Determine the consequences of certain transactions for state and local governments.
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Foreign currency Transactions
Complete two exercises in accounting for foreign currency transactions and translating financial statements from a foreign currency into U.S. dollars.
With the expansion of U.S. business interests in foreign countries, the need to use and understand foreign currency transaction actions has become commonplace in accounting.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 2: Evaluate the influence of global money markets on financial statements.
Translate financial statement amounts to U.S. dollars.
Compute translation adjustments.
Context
In today’s global economy, many companies transact business in currencies other than their reporting currency. Merchandise may be imported or exported with prices stated in a foreign currency. For reporting purposes, foreign currency balances must be stated in terms of the company’s reporting currency by multiplying it by an exchange rate.
To address this issue, accountants face two questions in restating foreign currency balances:
What is the appropriate exchange rate for restating foreign currency balances?
And how does one account for changes in the exchange rate?
For this reason, companies often engage in foreign currency hedging activities to avoid the adverse impact of exchange rate changes. Accountants must then determine how to properly account for these hedging activities.
Because many companies have significant financial involvement in foreign countries, the process by which foreign currency financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars has special accounting importance. The two major issues related to the translation process are:
Which method to use.
Where to report the resulting translation adjustment in the consolidated financial statements.
Translation methods differ on the basis of which accounts are translated at the current exchange rate and which are translated at historical rates. Accounts translated at the current exchange rate are exposed to translation adjustment. Different translation methods give rise to different concepts of balance sheet exposure.
Question to Consider
To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below concerning foreign currency transactions and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
What are the reporting issues when a company transacts business in foreign countries?
How does a company become exposed to foreign exchange risk?
What is hedge accounting, and how is it applied?
Why would a company prefer a foreign currency option over a forward contract in hedging a foreign currency firm commitment?
Why would a company prefer a forward contract over an option in hedging a foreign currency asset or liability?
What is a translation adjustment, and how is it computed?
What role do exchange rates play in the translation process?
How does a remeasurement differ from a translation?
What methods should be used to translate financial statements?
Resources
Required Resources
The following resources are required to complete the assessment.
Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.
Hoyle, J. B., Schaefer, T., & Doupnik, T. (2014). Fundamentals of advanced accounting (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 7, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk.”
Chapter 8, “Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements.”
Assessment Instructions
Complete Exercises 1 and 2 in the Foreign Currency Excel Workbook, linked in the Required Resources for this assessment. All financial information and applicable instructions are provided on each exercise worksheet.
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Research Purpose
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Evaluate purpose statements in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Analyze alignment among theory, problem, and purpose in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Explain relationship between research and social change
Apply APA Style to writing
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Chapter 4, “Research Design”
Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.
Chapter 10, “Writing the Research Proposal”
Discussion: Evaluating Purpose Statements
For this Discussion, you will evaluate the purpose statements in assigned journal articles in your discipline and consider the alignment of theory, problem, and purpose. You will also explain your position on the relationship between research and social change.
Alignment means that a research study possesses clear and logical connections among all of its various components. To achieve these connections, researchers must carefully craft the components of their study such that when they are viewed together, there is a coherent interrelationship.
As you read the authors’ purpose statements, consider how well the intent of the study, and its connection to the problem and theoretical framework, is presented. Also consider if the purpose statement reveals the study’s potential for engendering positive social change.
Post a critique of the research study in which you:
Evaluate the purpose statement using the Purpose Statement Checklist as a guide
Analyze alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose
Explain your position on the relationship between research and social change
Research Journal Article
Swan, B., Coulombe-Quach, X-L, Huang, A., Godek, J., Becker, D., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Meeting the needs of gifted and talented students: Case study of a virtual learning lab in a rural middle school. Journal of Advanced Academics, 26(4), 294–319. doi:10.1177/1932202X15603366
Rubric
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Research Purpose
Evaluation of the purpose statement
Swan, Coulombe-Quach, Huang, Godek, Becker, and Zhou provide a purpose statement for their article as “… to provide stakeholders with an authoritative, in-depth well-documented explication of a virtual learning lab (VLL) school located in a rural region in the Southeastern United States and information about its benefits and challenges” (2015, p. 295). The purpose statement in this article identifies the problem of inadequate teaching and learning in brick and mortar schools that presents the need to study the VLL School.
The authors provide a justification of the problem by diluting the need for traditional brick and mortar model through a comparative analysis of blended learning. The purpose statement conveys the approach used in the study to address the problem; more research into VLL schools. Of the twelve sources used in the literature section of the article, seven are within five years of the article’s publication date.
Analysis of the alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose
The theory, problem, and purpose of the article have logical connections among the various components (Babbie, 2017, pp. 97 – 98, 338). The prevalent connection among the three is the is the use of a blended learning theory to solve the problem of dependency on traditional brick and mortar schools to achieve the purpose of extending the research into the virtual learning labs and blended models of teaching and learning….
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Calculate goodwill resulting from admission of a new partner.
Calculate bonus resulting from admission of a new partner.
Calculate partnership capital balances.
Prepare a partnership liquidation schedule.
Context
The partnership form of business ownership is popular for many reasons, including the ease of creation and the avoidance of the double taxation inherent in corporate ownership. However, the unlimited liability normally restricts the growth potential for most partnerships. As a result, most partnerships remain small in relation to their larger corporate brothers.
During the formation and operation stages of a partnership’s life, several issues require closer study, because of their impact on the financial status of individual partners. Initially, there is the issue of allocating the initial contributions of each partner in relation to their ownership and liability share. During ongoing operations, the issue of allocating annual income and losses sustained by the business must be handled. Lastly, the issues of taking on new partners and the withdrawal of current partners will affect the financial stability of the partnership.
Although a business unit can exist indefinitely through the periodic admission of new partners, termination of business activities and liquidation of property can take place for a number of reasons. Several important financial issues surface during these times in the life of a partnership.
Questions to consider
erested friend, or a member of the business community.
How are partner contributions valued and recorded?
How is annual income allocated among individual capital accounts?
What restructuring takes place when new partners enter and existing partners leave?
Under what circumstances would a partnership be liquidated?
How should an accountant report liquidation of a partnership?
How are assets distributed during liquidation?
Consider the following case:
A client of the CPA firm of Smith and Wesson is a medical practice of seven local doctors. One doctor has been sued for several million dollars as the result of a recent operation. Because of what appears to be this doctor’s poor judgment, a patient died. Although that doctor was solely involved with the patient in question, the lawsuit names the entire practice as a defendant. Originally, four of these doctors formed this business as a general partnership. However, five years ago, the partners converted the business to a limited liability partnership based on the laws of the state in which they operate.
What liability do the other six partners in this medical practice have in connection with this lawsuit?
What factors are important in determining the exact liability, if any, of these six doctors?
Resources
Required Resources
The following resources are required to complete the assessment.
Hoyle, J. B., Schaefer, T., & Doupnik, T. (2014). Fundamentals of advanced accounting (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 9, “Partnerships: Formation and Operation.”
Chapter 10, “Partnerships: Termination and Liquidation.”
Assessment Instructions
Complete Exercises 1 and 2 in the Partnerships Excel Workbook, linked in the Required Resources for this assessment. All financial information and applicable instructions are provided on each exercise worksheet.
Exercise 1: Partnership Operations
Calculate partnership capital balances.
Calculate needed partner investment.
Calculate goodwill resulting from admission of a new partner.
Calculate bonus resulting from admission of a new partner.
Exercise 2: Partnership Liquidation Schedule
Prepare a partnership liquidation schedule.
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Employee Compensation and Benefits
This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a narrative and a PowerPoint presentation.
You must submit two (2) sections for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for.
Imagine that you have just been hired by a new company as the director of the HR department. You have been tasked to hire a new secretary for the department and to develop an employee compensation and benefits package that will be used for that position upon hire.
Develop a PowerPoint presentation to present this information to your Vice President. Go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) Website, located at www.bls.gov, for information regarding organizations and pay in your geographical area.
Section 1: Narrative
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
Choose the type of organization for which you are designing the package.
Develop an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position. Support your ideas for the compensation/benefits package.
Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Section 1 of your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
Section 2: Presentation
Create a twenty (15) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
4. Provide an overview of the employee compensation and benefits package that you developed in the narrative portion of this assignment.
5. Determine if the employee will be exempt or nonexempt and discuss how overtime will be handled.
6. Suggest other benefits that might be considered within the next few months to enhance employee performance and provide job motivation.
7. Provide information on how government regulations will influence the compensation.
8. Examine data from two (2) organizations listed in the BLS Website with packages similar to yours, focusing on salary, compensation, and benefits in order to convince upper management that your package should be accepted and implemented.
9. Describe how the competitive compensation and benefits package will align with the HRM strategy,
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Employee Compensation and Benefits
Employee Compensation and Benefits – Section 1: Narrative
This paper looks into a case scenario where the Director of the Human Resources Department has to hire a new secretary. The organization is a new enterprise, as is the Director. The Director faces a task of developing a suitable employee compensation and benefits package for the new position of secretary. The Director has to provide a comparative analysis of the proposed compensation and benefits package alongside those offered by other similar firms in the same geographical region. The focus of the assignment is on the design of a compensation and benefits package for employees, with regard to its competitiveness and alignment to the organization’s HRM strategy.
Type of organization
The organization within this case scenario is one that engages in manufacturing. The core business of the firm is in the production of goods for sale in the state and the entire country. The firm needs a new employee despite the reduction in employment rates within the manufacturing sector (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017). Therefore, there is a need to design a compensation and benefits package for the new position as addressed below.
New position
The organization seeks to hire a new secretary in the Human Resources department. Since the organization is new, there is a need to create a compensation and benefits package for the new position. Research on the importance of competitive compensation and benefits packages states that the alignment of HRM strategies and employee benefits produces better firm results and increases overall performance (L’Écuyer & Raymond, 2017). As such, there is a need to develop competitive packages aligned with the HRM strategies as a measure to improve the overall performance of the organization.
Developing an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position
The HRM Strategy
As observed earlier, in order to design an appropriate compensation and benefits package for the new position at the organization, the firm needs to align their HRM strategy to the compensation and benefits offered. This alignment should lead to increased performance of the individuals as well as the organization. The HRM strategy, with regard to employment compensation and benefits, is one where the firm targets to create competitive remuneration and benefits packages that are in tandem with regulations and industry standards.
In addition, the compensation and benefits offered need to be strategic, such that they are within the cost limitations of the organization, while being more inviting than those offered by other firms within the same geographical region.
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