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Research Purpose

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Research Purpose

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate purpose statements in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Analyze alignment among theory, problem, and purpose in research studies published in peer-reviewed journals
Explain relationship between research and social change
Apply APA Style to writing

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Chapter 4, “Research Design”

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.

Chapter 10, “Writing the Research Proposal”

Discussion: Evaluating Purpose Statements

For this Discussion, you will evaluate the purpose statements in assigned journal articles in your discipline and consider the alignment of theory, problem, and purpose. You will also explain your position on the relationship between research and social change.

Alignment means that a research study possesses clear and logical connections among all of its various components. To achieve these connections, researchers must carefully craft the components of their study such that when they are viewed together, there is a coherent interrelationship.

As you read the authors’ purpose statements, consider how well the intent of the study, and its connection to the problem and theoretical framework, is presented. Also consider if the purpose statement reveals the study’s potential for engendering positive social change.

Post a critique of the research study in which you:

Evaluate the purpose statement using the Purpose Statement Checklist as a guide
Analyze alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose
Explain your position on the relationship between research and social change

Research Journal Article

Swan, B., Coulombe-Quach, X-L, Huang, A., Godek, J., Becker, D., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Meeting the needs of gifted and talented students: Case study of a virtual learning lab in a rural middle school. Journal of Advanced Academics, 26(4), 294–319. doi:10.1177/1932202X15603366

Rubric

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Research Purpose

Evaluation of the purpose statement

Swan, Coulombe-Quach, Huang, Godek, Becker, and Zhou provide a purpose statement for their article as “… to provide stakeholders with an authoritative, in-depth well-documented explication of a virtual learning lab (VLL) school located in a rural region in the Southeastern United States and information about its benefits and challenges” (2015, p. 295). The purpose statement in this article identifies the problem of inadequate teaching and learning in brick and mortar schools that presents the need to study the VLL School.

The authors provide a justification of the problem by diluting the need for traditional brick and mortar model through a comparative analysis of blended learning. The purpose statement conveys the approach used in the study to address the problem; more research into VLL schools. Of the twelve sources used in the literature section of the article, seven are within five years of the article’s publication date.

Analysis of the alignment among the theory, problem, and purpose

The theory, problem, and purpose of the article have logical connections among the various components (Babbie, 2017, pp. 97 – 98, 338). The prevalent connection among the three is the is the use of a blended learning theory to solve the problem of dependency on traditional brick and mortar schools to achieve the purpose of extending the research into the virtual learning labs and blended models of teaching and learning….

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

For this Discussion, you will evaluate quantitative research questions and hypotheses in assigned journal article and consider the alignment of theory, problem, purpose, research questions and hypotheses, and design.

You will also identify the type of quantitative research design the authors used and explain how it was implemented.

Discuss a critique of the research study in which you:

• Evaluate the research questions and hypotheses using the Research Questions and Hypotheses Checklist as a guide

• Identify the type of quantitative research design used and explain how the researchers implemented the design

• Analyze alignment among the theory, problem, purpose, research questions and hypotheses, and design

Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Reading Resources

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Chapter 5, “Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement”

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.Chapter 4, “Quantitative Research Designs”

Assigned journal article

Canfield, M. L., Kivisalu, T. M., van der Karr, C., King, C., & Phillips, C. E. (2015). The use of course grades in the assessment of student learning outcomes for general education. Sage Open, 1–13. doi: 10.1177/2158244015615921

Evaluating Research Questions

Research Questions and Hypotheses Checklist

Use the following criteria to evaluate an author’s research questions and/or hypotheses. Look for indications of the following:

• Is the research question(s) a logical extension of the purpose of the study?

• Does the research question(s) reflect the best question to address the problem?

• Does the research question(s) align with the design of the study?

• Does the research question(s) align with the method identified for collecting data? If the study is qualitative, does the research question(s) do as follows?

• Relate the central question to the qualitative approach

• Begin with What or How (not Why)

• Focus on a single phenomenon

• Use exploratory verbs

• Use non-directional language

• Use an open-ended format

• Specify the participants and research site
If the study is quantitative:

• Do the descriptive questions seek to describe responses to major variables?

• Do the inferential questions seek to compare groups or relate variables?

• Do the inferential questions follow from a theory?

• Are the variables positioned consistently from independent/predictor to dependent/outcome in the inferential questions?

• Is a null and/or alternative hypothesis provided as a predictive statement?

• Is the hypothesis consistent with its respective research question?

• Does the question(s) and/or hypothesis specify the participants and research site? If the study is mixed methods, do the research questions and/or hypotheses do the following?

• Include the characteristics of a good qualitative research question (as listed above)

• Include the characteristics of a good quantitative research and/or hypothesis (as listed above)

• Indicate how the researcher will mix or integrate the two approaches of the study

• Specify the participants and research site

• Convey the overall intent of the study that calls for a mixed methods approach

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Evaluating Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Quantitative Research Designs

Canfield, Kivisalu, Van Der Karr, King, and Phillips (2015), present a discussion on the validity of the use of course grading as an effective method of assessing the learning outcomes of students. The research questions used in the study are in line with the purpose of the study. The descriptive questions used in the article seek to describe the responses to the main variables through the assessment of discriminant and convergent validity.

The inferential questions seek to both compare groups and relate inter-group and intra-group variables. These inferential questions follow the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) of assessment. The research questions used in the study also align with the chosen technique of analysis of the collected data (Babbie, 2017, pp. 426 – 438). In this case, the choice of the multitrait-multimethod aligns with the research questions.

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The Effect of Online Sales on the Art Market Research Journal

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Research Journal

Order Instructions:

The Research JOURNAL (not paper) documents the stages of the intellectual journey that got you through the dissertation. It’s a ‘scrap book’ of things you’ve seen, read, and thought about. It is NOT a bunch of printed out stuff you’ve collated from the Internet, or from articles and books. It documents AND comments on your research. And explaining why which sources where useful etc.

You can present the process of your research as a digital format such as on Workflow
basically 1)go through the dissertation 2)main ideas 3)main developments 4)how these came about 5)sources used and comments and how these contributed to any ideas and thoughts

The Research Journal documents the stages of the intellectual journey that got you through the dissertation. It’s a ‘scrap book’ of things you’ve seen, read, and thought about. It is NOT a bunch of printed out stuff you’ve collated from the Internet, or from articles and books. It documents AND comments on your research. And explaining why which sources where useful etc.

You can present the process of your research as a digital format such as on Workflow
basically1)go through the dissertation 2)main ideas3)main developments4)how these came about5)sources used and comments and how these contributed to any ideas and thoughts

Below is a partial answer to the above homework questions by one of our writers. If you are interested in a custom non plagiarized top quality answer, click order now to place your order.

The Effect of Online Sales on the Art Market Research Journal

A Background

The online art market has evolved tremendously in the last decades, leading to a transformation not only witnessed in how art is developed but also how it is sold and distributed. A study of these changes and particularly the role of the internet in the changing façade of art inspired great interest in me as I sought to understand the changes in both the primary and secondary art markets. It is interesting to note how online sales have opened up new doors for artists and art buyers and collectors through enabling a reach that permeates global borders.

Artists no longer have to rely on physical locations to sell their art and buyers are not restricted to buying art in their home countries only thanks to online sales. Notably, the value of global online art sales increased by 24% between 2014 and 2015, and that by the year 2020, it is expected to hit US$9.58 billion (Hiscox, 2017). In recognition of this momentous growth in art, a further inquiry into how online sales have affected different markets including primary art galleries, auction houses and art fairs was considered ideal for this research.

The aim was to understand how different art markets are responding to the changes emanating from increased online art sales and what it means for the future of art. This journal details my intellectual journey in writing my research, providing my experiences in the development of ideas, how these came about and how the various sources consulted contributed to creation of the research.

The research process

Developing this dissertation required that I plan effectively in order to ensure that the objectives of the research were accomplished. A summary of the various steps undertaken during the research are illustrated as follows.

Research Focus and Topic

Art in general has undergone significant progress, both in terms of art development and art market transformation. On the other hand, the internet has become an important aspect in today’s world as individuals increasingly gain access to the online technology. E-commerce as it is commonly known is the epitome of internet connectivity, enabling individuals from across the globe access products from all corners of the world through online selling.

Art has not been excluded from this advancement and online sales are continually dominating the art market. e-commerce and its impact on sales was the backbone of this research in a bid to establish how the art market was responding to this development. To suit my research, I opted to study the “The Affect of Online Sales on the Art Market.” This topic would allow me to explore how the art market has changed in the advent of online selling. To further enrich my research, I wanted to explore different art markets and how they have been affected by online sales.

These markets included primary art galleries, auction houses and art fairs, all of which have experienced significant transformation as a result of online sales. By studying each of the listed markets, I would be in a better position to understand how different players in the art market are adjusting to the new model of selling online. At the same time, I felt that studying the various markets would not yield the intended results unless I incorporated case studies to accompany the literature. This would give a better understanding of the how the art market has been affected by online selling by providing real-life examples of the various markets.

Main Ideas

One of the main ideas in my research was the role played by the internet in interconnecting people and hence the resulting convenience in trade. Since the advent of the internet, many possibilities among them online selling have emerged and these have transformed the world to a significant extent. This idea was at the core of the research because it sought to determine how online sales have influenced the art market. By understanding that internet connectivity is responsible for creating the online market, it was possible to deduce why the online market is so large and why it provides limitless opportunities for artists.

The second idea has to do with how players in the art market have positioned themselves to deal with growth in the context of online sales. As physical art sale locations continue to lose market due to the rise of online sales, it is only natural for entrepreneuring entities to refocus their strategy to the direction of online sales in order to capture the growing market. The research brings out this factor through the assessment of online art galleries and how they have managed to capture the online market as the physical galleries record deteriorating sales.

Based on this idea, the study examines the emergence of innovative online techniques to capture the market including the development of apps and websites features that enable buyers to evaluate and purchase art online. In this quest, the research examines popular apps including Magnus and websites such as Artsy, Artnet and Artspace. These not only demonstrate how art is being sold online but also the extent to which artists can reach a large market through such platforms compared to traditional art markets…..

Research Journal

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper

Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders (Nightmare Disorder, Insomnia Disorder)

Use exact headings for paper

Knowledge and understanding DSM 5 disorders

Prevalence Data

Diagnostic Criteria

Etiology

Treatment/medications

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Prognosis

Case Example

Case history of someone with disorder

Client’s strengths

Biological, psychological, and social influences of illness

Biopsychosocial assessment

Client’s demographics that may affect condition (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family relationships, etc.)

References (5) no websites

There are several different types of sleep disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Other sleep disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome.

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Gathering, Analyzing, and Summarizing Research Literature

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Gathering, Analyzing, and Summarizing Research Literature

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Introduction

This week you will again gather at least four more articles pertinent to your research problem and discuss attributes surrounding the problem and your investigation of the problem. You will also again present the studies as a synthesized review in the discussion board.

Upon successful completion of this assignment you should be able to:

Summarize research literature pertinent to a nursing problem.

Resources

Textbook: Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (2018), Chapter 2, 4

PowerPoint: Chapter 2 Review of the Literature

File: Chapter 2 Review of the Literature, Notes

PowerPoint: Chapter 4 Writing Strategies & Ethical Consideration

File: Chapter 4 Writing Strategies & Ethical Consideration, Notes

Textbook: Practical Research: Planning and Design (2016): Chapter 3, 13

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PowerPoint: Chapter 3 Review of Related Literature

PowerPoint: Chapter 13 Plan & Prep Final Report

Textbook: Preparing Literature Reviews: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2016), Chapters 3, 4, and 5

Website: IWU Off Campus Library Services

Website: An Evidence Based Practice Toolkit for Nursing

Website: Cochrane Library

Website: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Website: How to Conduct a Literature Search http://0-apastylecentral.apa.org.oak.indwes.edu/learn/browse/TUT-10 and/or http://media.indwes.edu/media/Lit+Search+-+how+to+in+OCLS/0_7dn204mb

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File: Sample Spreadsheet of Articles Reviewed

File: Spreadsheet of Research Articles Reviewed

File: Spreadsheet of Research Study Analysis

File: Synthesized Summary-Draft 2.12.2018.docx

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Website: How to Write a Literature Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2d7y_r65HU and

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGI Part I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoYpyY9n9YQ Part II

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK6Lsl1tcm0 Part III

Background Information

Research questions often change during the search for current research articles related to the problem. According to Ling Pan (2016), a search which nets a large number of articles may warrant a narrowing of the question; and a search which nets only a handful of articles may call for a broader question. There may be other influences as well, i.e., when a previously thoroughly researched topic is now outdated. Some problems may be acknowledged in the literature, yet there are no current studies addressing the problem or subproblems. Be sure and use the databases in the OCLS and request help so that you get the literature you need. Also, it is not uncommon to revise the study question as needed to better target the problem.

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Instructions

Read chapters 2 and 4 in Research Design, chapters 3 and 13 in Practical Research: Planning and Design, and chapters 3, 4, and 5 in Preparing Literature Reviews: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Review all materials listed.

Navigate to the threaded discussion below and post your quantitative research question.

This discussion has three components:

Gathering Research Literature IV

In the OCLS, find four research studies which pertain to your topic/problem/ research question. (Your search results should provide additional articles. Save this search as you will be reviewing a total of 16 articles over the course of this class.) Ensure that your articles are within the past 4 or 5 years. If you cannot find more than 25 current articles related to your problem / question on this first search, let your instructor know immediately.

Complete the information requested on the spreadsheet entitled, Spreadsheet of Articles Reviewed for four articles and attach it to this discussion. The completed spreadsheet with 16 articles will be due with your final synthesized Literature Review due in Workshop Six day seven.

Analyzing Research Literature IV – Complete the information requested on the spreadsheet entitled, Spreadsheet of Research Study Analysis for each of the four studies for this week and attach to this discussion.

Summarizing Research Literature IV

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Statistical Concepts Essay Assignments

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Statistical Concepts

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The purpose of the Final Exam is to assess your understanding of the main statistical concepts covered in this course and to evaluate your ability to critically review a quantitative research article. The exam will consist of two parts: Part I includes three essay questions and Part II includes a research critique. All of your responses should be included in a single Word document for submission.

Part I: Essay Questions

There are three essay questions in this section. You must answer all three questions. The length of each essay should be one to two double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages). Use 12-point font and format your paper with regular 1-inch margins. Do not include the essay prompt in your document. It will not count toward the length requirement for your essays.

Statistical Concepts

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Essay 1A

Group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not.

Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.

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For this essay, describe the statistical approaches (e.g., identify the hypotheses and research methods) used in this excerpt from a research study. Interpret the statistical results and examine the limitations of the statistical methods. Finally, evaluate the research study as a whole and apply what you have learned about hypothesis testing and inferential statistics by discussing how you might conduct a follow-up study.

Your essay must address the following points:

Describe the research question for this experiment.

What were the null and alternative hypotheses?

Were the results of this test statistically significant?

If so, why were they significant?Would the researchers reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Statistical Concepts

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Do the results provide sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis?Was the sample appropriate for this study? Explain your answer.

What are some possible limitations to this study?

Discuss how you would conduct a follow up study to this one.

Explain your answer.

Describe the difference between practical and statistical significance.

Statistical Concepts

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Essay 2A

Researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a correlational study.

Evaluate the correlational result and identify the strength of the correlation

Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.

Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.

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Your essay response must address the following questions:

How strong is this correlation? Is this a positive or negative correlation?

What does this correlation mean?

Does this correlation imply that individuals with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages (GPA)?

Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA to go higher?

What other variables might be influencing this relationship?

What is the connection between correlation and causation?

What are some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation?Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?

If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?

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Weighted Average Cost of Capital

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Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Week 7 reading:

In this week, you need to finish the reading of case15:

Summary of case 15:

This case is intended to serve as an introduction to the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the firm.

The case provides a WACC calculation that contains errors based on conceptual misunderstandings.

Your task is to identify and explain the mistakes in the analysis. The case assumes that are exposed to the WACC, CAPM, the dividend discount model, and the earnings capitalization model.

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Knowledge of this case:

the calculation of WACC:

WACC = K_d(1 − t) × D/(D + E) + K_e × E/(D + E); where E= equity and D= debt, and t = the tax rate

calculation of Kd (cost of debt) for bond

calculation of Ke (cost of Equity):

two methods: CAPM and DDM.

WACC requires use market value rather than book value to calculate the weights.

Please read the case 15 and the case reading instruction file and answer the following questions

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Assignment of case 15

What was your estimate of WACC?

Please submit an excel work.

What mistakes did Joanna Cohen make in her analysis? Which method is best for calculating the cost of equity?

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Operant and Respondent Conditioning

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Operant and Respondent Conditioning

Order Instructions:

For this assignment, complete the following:

•Define operant and respondent conditioning.

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•Describe the similarities and differences between these two types of learning.

•Provide two real-world, detailed examples of operant conditioning and two real-world, detailed examples of respondent conditioning.

In operant conditioning, it is the occurrence of a response that causes reinforcement to be delivered. In respondent conditioning, the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are presented without regard to the animal’s behavior. Respondent behavior is controlled by its antecedents. Operant behaviors are controlled by their consequences.

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

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Review Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power from the link below and apply to response in the discussion post below.

How could nurses within the organizations you chose in the group project impact health policy?

Janet Hagberg, in her book ‘Real Power: Stages of Personal Power in Organizations’, describes six stages through which people go when developing their power within a company.

1. Powerlessness

We start from a position of powerlessness. When we join an organization we know nobody and are totally dependent on others for initial assistance in understanding how things work, how to influence others and how to get things done.

2. Power by association

Power by association is the power we gain by being able to utilize the power that others already have.

As we get to know people and gain their respect and trust, we may leverage their power, for example in asking them to ask others to do things or asking them for introductions. The secret of gaining associative power is hence in being able to create bonds and draw on relationships.

We can also join teams, clubs and form other associations and coalitions, thereby gaining the power of the group.

3. Power by achievement

Power by acquisition is that power which we gain through what we do and the persuasive evidence that others perceive in this.

Achievement leads to achievement. If we do well at work then we are given more important work and may also get promoted. The power we get from this multiplies, as people cede power to those who prove their ability, which then allows them to achieve further still.

4. Power by reflection

In a curious reversal of depending on others for power, we can gain power through internal reflection and realizing we have all personal power on which we can draw.

A person at this stage is competent and has sound integrity. They are widely respected and this strength draws others to them, on whose ability and power they may consequently depend. Paradoxically, as they let go of their ego, they gain more power.

5. Power by purpose

People at this stage are driven by their purpose. Their power comes from within. Their inner power is so much greater than the power of those around them, they can influence decisions of many others.

Great leaders show this purpose in stirring speeches and powerful and symbolic action. They succeed because they believe in a greater purpose beyond themselves. They are visionary and self-accepting, humble and spiritual.

6. Power by wisdom

Stage six people feel a deep connection to the greater universe. They may often spend time in solitude, connecting and reflecting. They may have been through great pain and crisis on more than one occasion, yet have used these events to learn and grow.

They have found contentment and live on an ‘even keel’. The purpose they work to is very high. The know and accept powerlessness and in doing so find ultimate power. They embrace paradox and do not need to take sides.

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