Counseling Theory Vignettes

Counseling Theory Vignettes
Counseling Theory Vignettes

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Counseling Theory Vignettes

Sample vignette response: 

A narrative therapist would listen respectfully to John and Mary’s stories, and to understand the influence that these stories have had on their lives (Corey, 2013).  “Because of the power of dominant culture narratives, individuals tend to internalize the messages from these dominant discourses, which often work against the life opportunity of the individual” (p. 410). Growing up in a culture where he may have experienced racism and prejudice, John may have internalized a story that children must toughen up to the world.

“Within the family, African-American parents use a number of disciplinary actions that prepare children to live in a racist environment where unfairness and discrimination are common. In that vein, respect for authority is typically nonnegotiable in African-American families; children who are disrespectful receive the most severe forms of punishment-usually physical” (Evans, 2013, p.65).  Thus the heavy-handed discipline John experienced himself as a child may be an acceptable cultural narrative of his own parenting style with his sons today.

John’s view of the school of hard knox may represent his narrative that his sons should attend school where they will learn to, cope with racism, which includes developing a tough skin.  Mary may have internalized a story from her own childhood where traditional African-American mothers raise daughters to be empowered and independent but for their sons, independence is not stressed as strongly and punishment is not as severe, often enabling their male children (Evans, 2013).

This could explain her desire to protect and her sons from harmful aspects of life and John’s harsh disciplinary measures. The therapist must be aware of stereotyping and learn how to recognize diversity issues and work with John and Mary in the context of their worldview. It is an ethical obligation for counselors to develop sensitivity to cultural differences (Corey, 2013). While John’s style of discipline may be culture-laden, the therapist must look at his or her own professional obligation according to the legal and ethical code of the state in which they work.

____________________________

The response to each counseling theory vignette should be 1-2 pages per vignette for a total of 5-6 pages for the entire assignment plus reference page. Do not copy and paste the vignettes into your written response

____________________________

Vignette One

     Jack, a 28-year old man, tells you: “Most of my life I have felt pushed and pulled. My father pushed me into school, sports, and so forth, and over the years my resentment grew for him. He was always directing and controlling my life and beating me when I challenged his authority. My mother always gave me a warm, unconditional love and tried to pull me under her protective wing. My parents divorced when I was 18 and without parental control I began a life of self-will in my relationships and in my use of drugs and alcohol.

On graduating from college, I rejected my father’s wishes to pursue a career and returned to school to seek another degree. In some ways it’s just a place to be that I like. Most of my life revolves around living for today, a hedonistic style that has no concreteness of goals and aspirations, with a lack of definition of `what a man should be.’ I float in and out of people’s lives.

They see an image of me as a despoiler of women, a drug freak, and a cold bastard. My fear is that I am nothing more than that image, that I am empty inside. I want to be able to open up and let people see the warmer, more sensitive sides of me, but I have terrible difficulty doing that. I have a strong need to become close and intimate with others, yet I never let myself become vulnerable because I fear being dependent on them and trapped by their love.”

Assume that Jack comes to you for personal therapy and that all you know about him is what he told you above. Answer the following questions on how you might proceed with Jack within a Psychoanalytic frame of reference:

1.    As a psychoanalytic therapist, do you think that Jack’s current unwillingness to become vulnerable to others out of his fear of “being dependent on them and trapped by their love” has much to do with his mother’s unconditional love? How might this experience be related to his relationships with women now?

 2.    Jack describes his father as an authoritarian, controlling, and cruel man who apparently had conventional ideas of what he wanted Jack to become. What are the underlying psychological aspects that you see involved with Jack’s rejection of his father’s wishes? How might you use psychoanalytic counseling theory to explain the fact that in many ways he became what his father did not want him to become?

____________________________

Vignette Two

     Alice and Javier, both in their early 30’s, have been married for 7 years and have three young children. Javier is a Latino, and Alice is a Pacific Islander. Neither his family nor hers was very supportive of marrying a person “not of your own kind.” Consequently, Javier and Alice do not see their parents very often. She feels a real gap without this connection with her family; he maintains that if that’s the way his family wants it, so be it.

They have been having a great deal of difficulty as a family for several years. Alice seems to think that Javier is far too strict with the children, demanding full obedience without question. He admits he is a hard taskmaster, but he says that’s the way it was for him in his family.

     Alice would like to get a job, yet she stops herself from considering it because Javier becomes extremely upset when she even mentions the issue. His response is: “Why can’t you be satisfied with what you have? It reflects poorly on me if you have to go outside and get work!” Alice has tended to assume the role of keeping peace in the family, almost at any price.

This means not doing many of the things she would like to do, lest it lead to an escalation of the conflicts between them. Alice has finally decided that even if it rocks the boat and causes a storm, she cannot continue living as she has. She has asked Javier to go to counseling with her. He has agreed, reluctantly, mostly to understand her better and “do whatever can be done to help her.”

Assume that Alice and Javier come to you for personal therapy and that all you know about them is what they told you above. Answer the following questions on how you might proceed with this couple within an Adlerian frame of reference:

1.    As an Adlerian therapist you will want to make sure that your goals and the goals of Alice and of Javier are in alignment. How might you go about this? What if Javier and Alice have different goals? How might the fact that he is a Latino and she is a Pacific Islander be significant in setting goals?

 2.    If you had to speculate at this moment, what are Alice’s “basic mistakes”? Javier’s?  What specific Adlerian techniques might you be most inclined to employ in working with this couple?

____________________________

Vignette Three

     Paul, a 30-year old gay man has recently found out that he has AIDS. Though he is in a period of remission, he knows that the disease is terminal. Paul is seeking counseling to help him deal with this crisis and at least get the maximum out of the remainder of his life. He is filled with rage over his fate; he keeps asking why this had to happen to him. He tells you that at first he could not believe the diagnosis was correct.

When he finally got several more professional opinions that confirmed he had AIDS, he began to feel more and more anger—toward God, toward his healthy friends, whom he envied, and generally toward the unfairness of his situation. He tells you that he was just starting to live the lifestyle he denied himself all of his adult life and that he had a direction he was going in professionally. Now everything will have to change. After he tells you this, he is sitting across from you waiting for your response

Assume that Paul comes to you for personal therapy and that all you know about him is what he told you above. Answer the following questions on how you might proceed with Paul within an Existential/Person Centered frame of reference:

 1.    Paul tells you that one of the reasons he is coming to see you is his desire to accept his fate. How would you work with him to gain this acceptance? What specific things might you do to help him find ways of living the rest of his life to its fullest?

2.    Do you see any possibilities for helping Paul find meaning in his life in the face of death? What diversity issues and ethical considerations might arise in your work with Paul?

Counseling Theory Vignettes

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Involuntary mental health treatment

Involuntary mental health treatment
Involuntary mental health treatment

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Involuntary mental health treatment

How is this assessment connected to the learning outcomes?

HLTH510: Assignment 1 relates to learning outcomes 1 and 5:

  1. critically analyse the theoretical, legal, ethical and policy frameworks for interprofessional mental health practice including evidence-based interventions for mental health and well-being;
  2. demonstrate the application of knowledge and skills to undertake a mental health assessment and employ common mental health assessment tools within a recovery framework;
  3. plan and execute collaborative mental health care that supports the rights of people and their carers to access and participate in their treatment and recovery across the lifespan in a variety of health and community settings;
  4. demonstrate the application of core skills for low intensity mental health and wellbeing within a recovery framework with high level personal autonomy and accountability; and
  5. demonstrate mastery of and reflect critically on evidence-based practice for common mental health presentations to demonstrate understanding of the impact of health breakdown, the psychosocial dimensions of the illness experience, and the effects on the family and significant others.

Involuntary mental health treatment

Essay topic

The prescriptive nature of Community Treatment Orders (CTO’s)  has led to  debate about the coercive nature of this legislative development.  This debate helps to show the interface between  ethics  and  the law  in mental health practice on what basis is it just to lawfully deprive a person of freedom(s)? Discuss.

Starting references to assist you:

Light, E.M., Kerridge, I.H., Ryan, C.J., & Robertson, M.D. (2012). Community treatment orders in Australia: Rates and patterns of use. Australasian Psychiatry, 20, 478-482.

Light, E.M., Kerridge, I.H., Ryan, C.J., & Robertson, M.D. (2012). Out of sight, out of mind: Making involuntary community treatment visible in the mental health system. Medical Journal of Australia, 196, 591-593.

Please note: you can follow the links provided or access the readings using the UNE library.

Involuntary mental health treatment

Presenting

Each part of this assignment should be a well planned, well presented essay in its own right.

  • Provide an introduction for each Part that explains the purpose of the essay and how it is organized.
  • For a strong conclusion that summarizes the arguments presented at the end of each Part.
  • It is important to remember that the purpose of an introduction is to provide a road map for the reader. In contrast, the purpose of the conclusion is to summarize the main points and provide direction for how to proceed in the future.
  • You should write in complete sentences (i.e. do not use dot points). However, if you think a summary will enhance the contents of your essay you can insert the information usually included in dot point form in a Table. If you do insert a Table or Figure into your essay you will need to make sure the Table or Figure adheres to APA style.
  • The writing style in an essay is more formal than verbal speech. Make sure you do not write as you would speak.
  • The essay must be written in the third person. Please note: the word “I” is not used when writing in the third person.
  • Write your essay from the position of an expert. This means not starting a sentence with a reference and instead places the reference at the end of the sentence in brackets. A reference supports what you are saying, it should not be the main feature of a sentence. For example: “Higgs (2012) states that communication is very important to client safety” can be written as: “Communication is very important to client safety (Higgs, 2012).”
  • Pay attention to how you structure your sentences and paragraphs. A sentence contains one piece of information. Alternatively, a paragraph contains more than one sentence but deals with only one topic. Do not try to put too little or too much information into a paragraph because doing this is confusing for the reader.
  • Pay attention to spelling, grammar and punctuation.
  • Make sure you run the spell checker over you essay and then give it a last proof read before formally submitting for assessment.

Involuntary mental health treatment

Referencing

You must use the APA referencing system. Follow the link at the top right of the page for information and examples of APA referencing.

How many references do I need to include?

You are expected to research each Part widely by using the UNE library online catalogue and journal databases to identify relevant books and peer reviewed journal articles. Please note: Personal experience, newspaper articles, Moodle notes and information obtained from websites, especially those that start with the prefix “wiki”, are not a valid source of information for this assignment.

HLTH510 students are expected to find 15+ peer reviewed sources (i.e. journal articles, books) in addition to your textbook(s), to support the statements in your essay.

In-text referencing

Every statement of fact in an essay must be supported by an in-text reference. Omitting in-text references is a form of “intellectual theft” and will not be tolerated. As a general rule in an empirical essay every paragraph should have at least one in-text reference.

For this unit page numbers are not required for in-text references unless providing a direct quote. For example: Communication is important to client safety (Higgs, 2012). “Communication is important to client safety” (Higgs, 2012, p.28).

Involuntary mental health treatment

Marking criteria

Download the HLTH310 Assignment 1 marking criteria or HLTH510 Assignment 1 marking criteria and submit with your completed assignment as a separate PDF file. Use the marking criteria for your year level as a guide when preparing your assignment.

*Word count

For advice on word count please see the Word/Time/Page limits section in the Assessment summary.

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Involuntary mental health treatment

Introduction

The issue of mental health is one that encompasses various spheres in life. It has an effect on the decisions being made by the individual as well as the choice of life he decides to take. It is therefore mostly looked at through the legal and medical lenses. When one is diagnosed with mental illness, there are various issues that arise such as the capacity of that person to make decisions for himself or for the others around him.

This invites the legal interpretation to try and help in the evaluation of their capacities to make decisions and specifically in terms of medical assistance for their mental incapability. The treatment of people with mental health issues should also be within the ethical and legal parameters. The introduction of the Community Treatment Orders has been welcomed with both enthusiasm as well as disdain. This is because of the mixed reaction that it receives from all quarters.

This is because of the nonconsensual nature and mode of treatment it allows the people with mental health issues to undergo. This is because in the administration of the treatment without the consent of the patient, a violation of their fundamental rights and freedoms is being perpetrated. This paper will look at the issues that have arisen due to the Community Treatment Orders as well as the consequent legal and repercussions.

The Community Treatment Orders and their effect

The Community Treatment Order is an order that permits medical personnel to administer treatments without the consent of the patients to those with mental health problems while they are living with the rest of the community (Mental Health Act, 2009). It allows for the compulsory outpatient treatment of people with mental issues. The main objective of the Act is the provision of treatment and care of people with severe mental illness while observing their fundamental rights and freedoms. This provision gives licensed medical practitioners the leeway in administering treatment to those with mental health issues while still within their communal settings (Light et al, 2012).

The diagnosis of mental health issues is in itself a challenge. This is because of the various manifestations of the characteristics. The high prevalence of the mental health illness in Australia, especially among the young population is alarming. A sizable number of the children and youth in Australia have mental health problems. Approximately a quarter of this population has access to health care that is suited for their specific needs (Sawyer et al, 2001). Such staggering statistics and the future of the country were therefore at risk due to the mental health problems ailing the nation.

The use of the Community Treatment Orders on the youthful population was also a way to ensure that they grow up in their communities for their chances at normal life to be increased. This shows the importance of tackling the mental health problems in a manner that is professional as well as pocket friendly. The Community Treatment Order was for the reduction of these cases as the lack of individual care was highly unlikely. The design of the mental health care system had to be revamped in order to adequately take care of the increasing number of mental health patients (McGorry, Bates and Birchwood, 2013).

In so doing the accessibility of health care for those with severe mental problems and were unable to access it for one reason or the other was statutorily provided for. This method was also meant to decongest the mental hospitals as well as provide the said patients with an opportunity to reintegrate back to the community. The Community Treatment order however comes with various conditions for the patient who risks readmission in to psychiatric facilities in case of non compliance with the set rules.  These are meant to reinforce the voluntariness of the patients into cooperating with the medical practitioners (Owens and Brophy, 2013).

Despite the noble intention to ensure the provision of mental health care to those unable to access it, there are various issues, legal, ethical, theoretical and policy related that have emerged due to this mode of treatment and are yet to be addressed. This has been made worse by the rise in the use of this method of treatment over the past few years. To begin with, the process of the administration of the treatment had very little development. This is especially with regards to the process of identification of the potential patients, the duration of the treatment and the termination of the same (Vine et al, 2016).

The lack of the due process to be followed in the same has created a system that is susceptible to abuse by the health care practitioners mandated to offer these treatment services. The vagaries of this wide berth of power have placed the mental health sector in a state of limbo. This is because of the different processes of treatments that can be administered hence lack of uniformity. The risk that the patients run in the quality of service they receive is also high (Robertson et al, 2013).

The risk that the community where the patient resides is also high as there are times when the mental patient becomes violent or does something that endangers their lives. The Community Treatment order is meant for those with severe mental issues and as such the predictability of their behavioral characteristics is close to nil. It therefore places the general public in danger should the patients lash out. This aspect of the welfare of the rest of the community was overlooked in the best interest of a few.

The observance of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the rest of the population in terms of their safety and peace of mind is thereby compromised. This is just one legal issue that faces the Community Treatment Order. The improvement of the quality of service as well as the establishment of policies and mechanisms to hold and improve the accountability of the Community Treatment order is prudent for these services to achieve their intended purpose. This is in addition to resourcing the medical branch of community health (Light et al, 2017)…..

Involuntary mental health treatment

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Analytic Therapy: Final Exam Questions

Analytic Therapy
Analytic Therapy

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Analytic Therapy

  1. How might the counselor have to adjust his or her own values to work with clients from differing cultures? How is therapist self-care an ethical matter as well as a way to prevent therapist burnout?
  2. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  3. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  4. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  5. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  6. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  7. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  8. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  9. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  10. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  11. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  12. What are some of the main contributions that you see in working with clients from a family systems perspective? Mention some of the limitations you see in the family systems perspective, including working with families from culturally diverse backgrounds?

References

Corey, G. (2013). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (Ninth ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. 

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Effective therapist

In dealing with clients from a different cultural background, the personal beliefs of a therapist are put on the line as well as their ability to effectively render services. As such therapists need to be sensitive to their client’s cultural beliefs and strive hard to offer services that are congruent to them. Therapists additionally need to ensure that they are fine both in body and mind to be able to render adequate services and hence the importance of self care (Skovholt and Trotter-Mathison, 2014). The professional imperative of psychological wellness is one that is vital for the provision of services during therapy sessions.

Resistance in therapy

The lack of openness and rejection of the process of therapy in clients is sums up the concept of resistance in psychology. The patient does not make any progress in getting better neither does he attempt in making any relation to the therapeutic solutions put forth. This can be witnessed in the objections by the patient to open up about certain issues. In an effort to understand the patient, the therapist should endeavor to comprehend the inhibitions of the client.

This therefore calls for the in-depth analysis of the client and his reservations to foster the therapist’s understanding and the methods that will work for the patient. Constant communication between the two is a condition for the resistance to be dealt with effectively. It is in the understanding of the resistance that the therapist can be able to offer reliable services as the issues to be resolved often manifest in form of resistance (Voutilainen and Perakyla, 2016).

The therapist needs to practice patience and understanding towards the patient so that the patient can open up in confidence when the time comes. It is only in the understanding of the client’s fear of addressing some issues that the client can fully be helped and hence the importance of analytic therapy and resistance.

Major theorists on human nature.

Freud in his analysis of human nature concluded that actions and reactions are based on the attainment of utmost pleasure while at the same time avoiding pain. His view is premised on the power of instinct in the determination of one’s character. Adler on the other hand is a proponent of personal choice as being the major determinant in people’s lives (Corey, 2013).

Both theorists were however on the same page when it came to the decision on the formation of one’s personality being the first few years in one’s childhood. However, Adler was of the view that although childhood experiences played a role in shaping one’s personality, the concept of the future in terms of making goals and choices that propels one towards personal goals is the real determinant of the individual’s character.

Therapeutic process.

To break the ice between the client and the therapist during the first session, the therapist is required to make the client feel most welcomed. The client is then given the opportunity to state why he sought therapy and his expectations as well as give a brief description of his life. The therapist would then make it known that the sessions would be non-judgmental and encourage the client to be as honest as possible to be able to attain his expectations.

He would also assure the client of the confidentiality of the sessions and what is expected of them (Corey, 2013). The goals of the sessions may keep on changing and hence it it vital for the therapist to keep asking for the progress of the client, as per their own assessment and the goals they intend to achieve at the end of the treatment. The relationship between the client and the therapist needs to be confidential and full of trust for there to be progress.

Accurate empathy.

In an effort to understand the client in order to provide the most effective service, therapists often have to identify with the client’s living conditions. In so doing, they are able to place themselves in their shoes and hence give suggestions that are most likely to elevate the client’s situation. In the accurate dissemination of the client’s issue and the subsequent provision of relatable solutions, confidence levels increase and hence the improvement of the services rendered. There are however several challenges that are a hindrance to empathy in the field of psychology, cultural differences.

The diversity that characterizes the human race means that the beliefs and practices vary from one community to another. In certain cases, these differences act as a barrier to the provision of effective therapeutic solutions. This is due to the beliefs and the practices that might be acceptable in other cultures but forbidden in others. The second one is personal biases, although this does not affect most therapists, some personal and religious biases have been cited as hindrance in the provision of therapeutic services (Croft, Schmader and Block, 2015).

The ‘here and now’ therapeutic concept.

The understanding of the present is an important aspect of dealing with the issues that are faced. The cornerstone of the Gestalt therapeutic process is the understanding of one’s present environment and situation to expand the client’s view of life and thereby enhance growth (Corey, 2013). It enhances the basic understanding of the client’s personality as at present and enhances their growth in their rediscovery process.

This therapeutic process does recognize the role that the past has to play in the present situation of the client and endeavors to bring focus to the past into their present situation in order to conclusively deal with it. This is mostly done by the reenactment of the past events during the sessions. This form of therapy avoids mentions of the future as it is yet to happen and hence their primary focus is on the present…..

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The Essential Principles of Psychopharmacology

The Essential Principles of Psychopharmacology
The Essential Principles of Psychopharmacology

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The Essential Principles of Psychopharmacology

Order Instructions
Write an essay on the essential principles of psychopharmacology including drug-receptor interactions and dose -response relationships. Apply those principles to clinical diagnosis of depression.

Make sure to include :

  • The neurophysiological foundation of the mechanisms underlying depression.
  • The current thinking about the pathophysiology; and
  • current pharmacology including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.: Pharmacokinetics is currently defined as the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabo- lism, and excretion. Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient.

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Compare and Contrast 2 Schools of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Counseling and Psychotherapy
Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Counseling and Psychotherapy

Order Instructions:

Find articles from professional journal dated within the past 5 years. A minimum of eight (8) research articles are required to complete this assignment. 

For the final research paper you will be comparing and contrasting 2 schools of counseling and psychotherapy: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic/Existential

Your research paper must include:

  • compare and contrast both theories
  • discuss evidence-based research on applicability of each theory and treatment
  • present research on the pros and cons of each theory to specific populations
  • integrate research on culture and diversity in regard to the applicability of each theory
  • create an original case example that ties in your research (this should only be ½ to 1 page)

Your final paper should be 8-10 pages plus a title and reference page

Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Counseling and Psychotherapy

Research paper

Introduction

The emergence of various methods of treatment in the practice of psychology is as a result of the different schools of thoughts that were developed to cater for the patient’s specific needs. These methods are applied by the therapists depending on their preference and the problem that is sought to be solved. It is also guided by the cultural and personal attributes of the client in accordance with the estimation of the therapist. Some of the main schools of thought include the humanistic/existential model of therapy and psychoanalysis method.

Humanistic school of thought

 This school of thought does not have specific beliefs as the other school of thoughts as it focuses on the exploration of the human holistically. It focuses on the development of the client by the exploration and reflection on the meaning of life as per the client’s view, the choices available to the client and the decision that follows. It seeks to decipher the meaning of life and proceed on the view that life is all about the choices people make. Despite the fact that external forces such as culture and the past happenings playing a big role in how people turn out, the life one lives is fully determined by the choice people make (Watson and Bohart, 2015).

The human capacity is the principle focus in this school of thought. This mode of treatment is mostly used in the treatment of personality disorders such as schizophrenia, family and other relationship issues in addition to addiction problems. This is because of the focus it places on the self actualization of the client and hence seeks to resolve personal issues. In the treatment of the same, it helps the client to dig deep into themselves to rediscover who they are and focus on who they intend to be and hence help in the resolution of these personal issues.

The proponents of thus school of thought argue that despite the huge role the external factors in our lives play in shaping one’s personality and behavioral traits, the same is fully determined by the choices and decisions one makes. It focuses on the self actualization that everyone is capable of achieving and the power to make decisions as to what constitutes good and evil.

This type of psychology places its focus on the individual and overlooks the cultural and other environmental factors that would affect behavioral characteristics. Since it is only by the full understanding of oneself can true happiness be achieved and peaceful coexistence attained. It therefore neglects to consider the factors such as culture and other external surroundings that have a major influence on the personal traits and behavioral tendencies that one exhibits. 

Psychoanalysis school of thought.

In this method of practice, the importance of knowing and understanding the unconscious mind and interpreting it for a better understanding of who one really is. This is because of the role it plays in the determination of behavioral characteristics (Elliot, 2015). This school of thought focuses more on the external forces that push one to behave in certain way and propagates that idea that the past, especially one’s childhood, and instinctual drives that lead to certain behaviors.

The focus on childhood experiences during therapy and the responses that people put up as defenses when reacting to certain circumstances are the principle focus in this method of treatment. This mode of treatment is used to address issues such as depression and anxiety. This is because it seeks to address mental issues that may have arisen as one grows up. The purpose is to help the client to face the past in an effort to overcome the negative impacts of the past occurrences and face the present and future as the client desires.

It does not consider the experiences such as cultural considerations in the shaping of one’s behavior and neither does it give due regard to other environmental factors of the same. Its major proponent is Sigmund Freud who placed his focus on sexual behaviors and insists on the maturity of one’s personality at the age of about six years. These sentiments were however disputed by other theorists who subscribed to this school of thought. 

Humanistic and psychoanalysis schools of thought.

In both schools of thought, the importance of the individual and his power to make changes is emphasized. This is because of the recognition of the fact that one is responsible for their own happiness and that the result is contagious. The focus on the mental effects of behavioral characteristics is important as the manifestation of the behavior is just a spill-over effect of the mental feelings (Shahar and Mayes, 2017). The outbursts as well as other observable behavioral characteristics are all considered to be as a result of a certain thinking analogy that leads to the client’s actions and beliefs and hence by making right their mental faculties, the results will offer explanations as to the way the clients act.

The focus on the childhood of the client is equally important as it is a major contributor of the unconscious thoughts and feelings people have. In the understanding of both the past of the patient, the therapist is able to guide the patient to the understanding of their unconscious self and hence find a way of dealing with it. In so doing the therapist will have applied both concepts of the humanistic school of thought and the psychoanalytic school of thought in the furtherance of the understanding of the client’s mind and hence the rightful solutions…….

Counseling and Psychotherapy

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Interactions and definitions of isolation and loneliness

Interactions and definitions of isolation and loneliness
Interactions and definitions of isolation and loneliness

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Interactions and definitions of isolation and loneliness

Write an essay that compares and contrasts isolation and loneliness, defining both using multiple theories/theorists. It needs to relate how both affect people (especially in the workplace)

Some people use the words “isolation” and “loneliness” interchangeably, but this does not reflect the true meaning of each term. Isolation may lead to loneliness, and in some cases, loneliness may exacerbate isolation. Both have been found to occur with other mental health issues such as anxiety or depression.

Knowing how loneliness and isolation are distinct and related can help people who struggle with them best address and work through these issues. Here are a few things to know about handling loneliness and social isolation in your life.

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

Sleep-wake Disorders
Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper; Sleep-wake Disorders

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Integrative Research Paper

Topic: Sleep-Wake Disorders (Nightmare Disorder, Insomnia Disorder)

Use exact headings for paper

Knowledge and understanding DSM 5 disorders

Prevalence Data

Diagnostic Criteria

Etiology

Treatment/medications

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Prognosis

Case Example

Case history of someone with disorder

Client’s strengths

Biological, psychological, and social influences of illness

Biopsychosocial assessment

Client’s demographics that may affect condition (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family relationships, etc.)

References (5) no websites

There are several different types of sleep disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Other sleep disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome.

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

Hagberg's Stages of Personal Power
Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

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Review Hagberg’s stages of power from the link below and apply to response in the discussion post below.

Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

How could nurses within the organizations you chose in the group project impact health policy?

This is the link for Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

http://changingminds.org/explanations/power/stages_power.htm

Janet Hagberg, in her book ‘Real Power: Stages of Personal Power in Organizations’, describes six stages through which people go when developing their power within a company.

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

1. Powerlessness

We start from a position of powerlessness. When we join an organization we know nobody and are totally dependent on others for initial assistance in understanding how things work, how to influence others and how to get things done.

2. Power by association

Power by association is the power we gain by being able to utilize the power that others already have.

As we get to know people and gain their respect and trust, we may leverage their power, for example in asking them to ask others to do things or asking them for introductions. The secret of gaining associative power is hence in being able to create bonds and draw on relationships.

We can also join teams, clubs and form other associations and coalitions, thereby gaining the power of the group.

3. Power by achievement

Power by acquisition is that power which we gain through what we do and the persuasive evidence that others perceive in this.

Achievement leads to achievement. If we do well at work then we are given more important work and may also get promoted. The power we get from this multiplies, as people cede power to those who prove their ability, which then allows them to achieve further still.

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Hagberg’s Stages of Personal Power

4. Power by reflection

In a curious reversal of depending on others for power, we can gain power through internal reflection and realizing we have all personal power on which we can draw.

A person at this stage is competent and has sound integrity. They are widely respected and this strength draws others to them, on whose ability and power they may consequently depend. Paradoxically, as they let go of their ego, they gain more power.

5. Power by purpose

People at this stage are driven by their purpose. Their power comes from within. Their inner power is so much greater than the power of those around them, they can influence decisions of many others.

Great leaders show this purpose in stirring speeches and powerful and symbolic action. They succeed because they believe in a greater purpose beyond themselves. They are visionary and self-accepting, humble and spiritual.

6. Power by wisdom

Stage six people feel a deep connection to the greater universe. They may often spend time in solitude, connecting and reflecting. They may have been through great pain and crisis on more than one occasion, yet have used these events to learn and grow.

They have found contentment and live on an ‘even keel’. The purpose they work to is very high. The know and accept powerlessness and in doing so find ultimate power. They embrace paradox and do not need to take sides.

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Potential Clients for Addiction

Potential Clients for Addiction
Potential Clients for Addiction

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Potential Clients for Addiction

Order Instructions:

You have been asked by your agency to write a report on screening and treating potential clients for addictions.

•Research screening tools and therapeutic interventions that are relevant to clients with particular characteristics such as gender, age, disabilities, culture, and physical handicaps.

•Present a perspective of your choosing.

?Explain how you believe these types of clients will benefit from the interventions you chose along with any potential drawbacks you may need to overcome.

•Conclude with how you will engage these clients in treatment from screening to the first therapeutic intervention.

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Your report should include the following:

•Title page

•Abstract

•Introduction to the characteristics you are presenting (1 page)

•Content questions answered (4–6 pages)

•Conclusion (1–2 pages)

•References, including at least 2 scholarly sources dated within the last year

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