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Theory Application in Practice
Discussion Overview
The purpose of this discussion is to assist you in exploring the relevance and value of applying health promotion theories and models within nursing practice.
Discussion Instructions
STEP 1: Initial Post
Review the discussion grading rubric
Select one of the health promotion theories or models presented within the lesson (from the reading or presentation) that you find most relevant to your current practice population or setting.
Locate one scholarly article related to the theory or model that you selected. Describe how the source informed your understanding of the theory/model or expanded your awareness relative to health promotion and nursing practice.
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Promoting Awareness on Heart Disease through Evidence-Based Practice
In investigating the impact of promotion awareness on preventing heart disease in women, the following PICOT question will be used to guide the research:
In women with cardiovascular diseases (P), does health promotions using evidence-based strategies to achieve optimal health of the heart (I), as compared to women receiving standard cardiovascular care (C) show better improvement in the cardiovascular disease (O) within six months? (T).
Using terms in the PICOT statement was not effective in finding useful studies. Most of the studies found by using such terms addressed broader concepts or did not relate all the ideas that the PICOT question needed to address. Some of them talked about one aspect of cardiovascular diseases alone without giving any hint about women, outcomes or interventions made towards controlling the condition.
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MESH terms such as cardiovascular, women, health promotion and others limited the number of studies that were listed on the databases compared to when those terms were not used. Therefore, this is an implication that the utilization of the MESH terms delimited the search as it filtered out some of the search results that did not have most components of the PICOT question.
Most of the research findings were not relevant to the study. To improve the relevance of the of the materials obtained, I applied limiters such as age, studies, EBP, women, years so as to only have articles that had a direct link to the various components of the Picot statement. The use of limiters was helpful because most of the items obtained in this case gave relevant information about aspects of the study. Reviewing this articles provided adequate information on the association between evidence-based practice in health promotion and improvement of cardiovascular diseases in women.
The study used for the study on preventing heart disease in women the following databases: AHRQ, guidelines.gov, joannabriggslibrary.org, EBCO, PubMed, and Ovid to gather evidence. All of them provided valid pieces of evidence. The study provided level I evidence as most of the articles were systematic reviews of randomized control trials.
Vandvik, P. O., Lincoff, A. M., Gore, J. M., Gutterman, D. D., Sonnenberg, F. A., Alonso-Coello, P., … & Spencer, F. A. (2012). Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. CHEST Journal, 141(2_suppl), e637S-e668S. Retrieved from https://www.guideline.gov/summaries/summary/35273?.
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Health Promotion to Pregnant Women
Introduction
All expectant women should ensure that they stay healthy during pregnancy since most of what they consume is shared with the foetus. Some of the things women take are good for the baby while others can be harmful. To educate a group of first-time teenage mothers, I will use posters to inform them about the following important information.
First, I will emphasize on the need for pregnant women to maintain a balanced diet. Most meals should include starch –based foods such as cereals, rice, fruits as well as vegetables. Women should also eat a lot of fiber and proteins. Weight monitoring is also of great importance although it has been found out that a weight increase of between 11 to 16kg during pregnancy is normal.
Pregnant women also need an extra 200 calories especially in their last month of pregnancy. Rauh et al. (2013) support the idea that folic acid supplements are ideal during pregnancy and should be taken up to the end of the 12th week of pregnancy since they aid in avoiding anemia, a common condition among pregnant women.
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Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals that pass through our bloodstream and goes into the growing foetus’ blood. Therefore, the pregnant woman should be counseled to stop smoking and avoid risks such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and premature labor (Piano & Phillips, 2013).
Additionally, during pregnancy women should avoid drinking alcohol because it slows down growth and causes serious problems in future. Pregnant women should also avoid pets which at times may carry germs that can be passed to the unborn baby. For instance, toxoplasma is bacteria commonly found in cats, therefore, I will educate women to wash their hands after handling cats.
This will aid in minimizing the effects of these germs. Using any illicit drugs when pregnant can have a detrimental effect on the unborn baby. Illicit drugs in most cases cause birth defects or miscarriage. Drug use can also affect the baby central nervous system according to Simkin et al. (2016).
Conclusion
Pregnant women should seek advice to get more information on how to stay healthy during pregnancy and after giving birth. Lifestyle adjustments will enable both the mother and the baby to stay healthy.
Rauh, K., Gabriel, E., Kerschbaum, E., Schuster, T., von Kries, R., Amann-Gassner, U., & Hauner, H. (2013). Safety and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMCpregnancy and childbirth, 13(1), 1.
Simkin, P., Whalley, J., Keppler, A., Durham, J., & Bolding, A. (2016). Pregnancy, childbirthand the newborn: The complete guide. Simon and Schuster.
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Over the past few years, new cases of people with diabetes have been on the rise. The increased incidence has been attributed to factors such as overweight, obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. A health promotion program was planned and carried out with the principle objective of improving the health through health education, encouraging people to embrace healthy lifestyles and minimizing complications associated with diabetes type 2( Saunders & Evans 2012). After the health promotion program, information from the target group gathered through structured questionnaires and focused group discussions, so us to help evaluate whether the program added any value to their lives (Saunders & Evans 2012).
The diabetes health program was aimed at reaching five hundred individuals between the age of 28 and 50 years in the community (Saunders & Evans 2012). Unfortunately, only a few individuals of the target group turned up. Activities which were carried out included health education on predisposing factors treatment, complications, and screening of diabetes. However, not all the activities that were designed reached the target group, and this made the stakeholders de-satisfied with the project. The activities which were intended were not all implemented since there was poor turn up of people.
Immediately after the health promotion program, new cases of people with diabetes type two were being reported and also those with uncontrolled blood sugar were still noted in various healthcare settings. These results clearly indicated that the objectives of the health program were partially met. Nevertheless, this could have been attributed to external factors such as cultural background which hindered individuals from taking certain foods or low economic status which limited people from accessing medical services and buying materials for blood-sugar monitoring (Bauman & Nutbeam, 2013).
Since the program was unsuccessful, new strategies were raised so as to ensure the success of future programs. This would involve coming up with better modes of communication to the individuals such as brochures and through television. This would help in adding weight to various messages and also acting as constant reminders on diabetes avoidance (Bauman & Nutbeam, 2013).
Leadership in health promotion is about the ability of the community to grasp the health concept and believe in what is being told to them. For instance, a leader who is influential and outspoken is likely to attract more followers and listeners than a leader who simply offers direction without influence (Street, Gold & Manning, 2013). In a leadership search for leaders to apply in a health promotion program, several categories of leaders can be used. Here is an explanation of the role and categorization for each.
Professionals
A professional is a person who studies a particular vocation and manages to grasp the concepts associated with the vocation. It may not be specifically associated with a particular vocation; but a leader will likely opt for certain decisions and choices over others if they subscribe to a particular vocation (Street, Gold & Manning, 2013). Professions such as public health and nursing offer such vocational leadership in health promotion.
Students
Students present a second category that is very important for the societal decisions that one has to make concerning the use of a product. They can critique and even promote a product very well. With the hand wash product for instance, it may not be possible to use the product on all prospective clients. However, advising them using influential students preferably from the medical profession can really change how they perceive these products.
Conclusion
Leadership in health promotion is very critical. It determines the perception of the prospective clients on a particular product (Street, Gold & Manning, 2013). However, where the leaders chosen are either professionals from the health field or the students partaking health-related courses, they are likely to promote the health product better than members of society who subscribe to different values would. Medicine gives these leaders the ability to reason not only from the client’s point of view but from a public health point of view.
