Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
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Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
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Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is to engage learners in evaluating factors that contribute to effective communication and health literacy in consumer health education materials.
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Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
STEP 2: EVALUATE
Publication Information
Identify the publication title, author(s), year/date of publication, and source location (URL).
Purpose and Intended Audience
In one paragraph, summarize the purpose of the material and the intended audience. Describe the target audience that the authors want to address (e.g., persons who have diabetes, are sexually active, are caregivers to persons with dementia, the general public, etc.).
Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
Category Analysis
Evaluate the material using the 7 categories of the CDC Clear Communication Index: 1) Main Message and Call to Action; 2) Language; 3) Information Design; 4) State of the Science; 5) Behavioral Recommendations; 6) Numbers; and 7) Risk.
This section can be formatted as a list, bullet points, or in paragraph format. Include examples of how clearly the main message is communicated and prominently located within the material, how main ideas and supporting ideas are organized, use of visual cues and headings, language considerations, how graphics, colors reinforce the main message; how or whether scientific evidence or authoritative sources inform the main message or recommendations; how or whether actionable behavioral recommendations are provided; whether and how numbers are used to communicate recommendations or risk, and how the risk associated with the health condition or behavior applies to the target audience or health outcomes.
Strengths and Recommendations for Improvement
In one-to-two paragraphs describe three strengths of the material and at least one recommendation for improvement based on your evaluation.
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Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
STEP 3: SUBMIT
Prepare your evaluation using a word processor such as MS Word. Upload the file to the assignment link as either a Word document or PDF.
Review your work for content quality and depth, organization, and grammar. Use the grading rubric to guide your preparation.
Be sure to include the reference for the resource in APA Style format.
If the material is not available electronically, please scan and upload the document with your analysis.
Effective communication in Consumer Health Education
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Top 10 Listening Habits Profile
In communication, there are about ten listening habits, for example, listening to the views of others. I am a good listener. I also do not interrupt the speaker, or finish sentences for them. When the speaker has finished, I can then ask a question to seek clarification.
Preparing to listen: This involves focusing on the speaker and putting other issues out of the mind. Since human mind can easily be affected by other views- I try to concentrate on the message being communicated.
Putting the speaker at ease: this entails ensuring that the speaker is free to give his or her views without interruption. I usually put into consideration the concerns and needs of the speaker. Additionally, I try to nod my head or use other nonverbal communication such as gestures to encourage the speaker to go on. I also maintain eye contact with the speaker rather than staring to demonstrate to him/her that am listening and understand the message.
Removing distractions involve concentrating on the message being said. I do not pick my fingernails or looking out of the window; such acts interrupt listening process while demonstrating to the speaker that one is bored or not interested.
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Empathize by trying to appreciate the speaker’s standpoint. I look at issues from the speaker’s point of view or preconceived thoughts. I am also open minded so as to fully empathize with the speaker. Nonetheless, if the speaker puts across something that I do not agree with, it’s appropriate to wait and counter, however being open-minded to the views of others is vital.
Patience: A pause does not show that the speaker is through. Being and patient and allowing the speaker to finish is importance since it takes the time to formulate what to pass across. I do not interrupt the speaker or finish for them sentences. Keep off personal bias: do not allow an individual’s manner interrupt you from listening. While everyone has a unique way of speaking, some are shy, accents, I concentrate the message rather than delivery methods.
Listening to the tone; volume and tone are necessary to the message being passed. Good speakers use volume and tone for their benefits to ensure that listeners are attentive. Much as speakers use volume and a tone to get the attention of their audience, it enables me to understand the emphasis of the message.
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Listening to ideas instead of words; a good listener should get the entire picture rather than pieces of words. As such, I try to connect pieces of words to understand the speaker’s point of view. I also focus and remove interruptions.
Watching for nonverbal communication; facial expression, gestures are very essential in listening. I do not listen with only my eyes and ears; I also use my eyes to watch for extra information being conveyed through nonverbal communication.
Works Cited
Wood, Julia T. Communication Mosaics: An Introduction to the Field of Communication. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2014. Print.
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Crash by Paul Haggis: Movie Review
Communication strategies in the movie Crash by Paul Haggis
Intercultural communication, verbal communication, perception, and stereotyping all play essential roles in the characteristics of the movie Crash. This paper provides a detailed critique of Paul Haggis’ film Crash. In this evaluation, connections are made to what I have learned in class with regard to communication.
The concepts/principles of listening and stereotyping are clearly defined and applied in the film. Thesis statement:in Crash, people stereotype and judge other people and they also get judged by other people and this results in ineffective communication. Ineffective listening by some characters in the movie also results in poor communication.
Stereotyping
Stereotypes refer to the beliefs or perceptions that people hold about other people or groups rooted in previously formed attitudes and views. When people are categorized as a group, they are believed to possess comparatively similar beliefs and exhibit the same behaviors (Beebe, 2011). On the whole, stereotypes describe the behavior norm for a specific group, and not individual behavior.
In the film Crash by Paul Haggis, instances of stereotyping are many. In the initial scene of this film, the Korean lady yelled at detective Ria that Mexican people do not know how to drive – she stereotypes Mexican people. Conversely, people of Korean descent often have trouble in pronouncing some consonants rightly: the Korean lady pronounces brake as blake and she was mocked satirically by Ria who told her, I am sorry you never saw my blake lights.
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Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks on American soil, the entire society of the United States has some kind of hatred toward the Arabs as they have developed some stereotypes about Arabs. Americans believe that every Arab person could be a potential terrorist.
Other stereotypes depicted in Crash are that black people are the source of crime in American society, Caucasians do not really understand hip-hop, African Americans do not like ice-skating, country songs, or playing hockey. Nonetheless, Anthony finds it weird that Peter as an African American likes hockey, ice-skating, and country songs.
Stereotyping has embedded deeply in the minds of both African Americans and Caucasians and it embarrasses and torments them. People think that they actually know who they are. Nonetheless, when they are tested, they come to the realization that they have no idea who they are. On the whole, people stereotype and judge other people and they also get judged by other people.
When their mindsets crash into one another, they eventually understand that they cannot escape unscathed. Stereotyping has been ineffective as depicted in the film Crash as it served as an obstacle to effective cross-cultural communication. In essence, whether subtle or blatant, stereotyping could have a very negative effect on human interaction and communication as shown in the movie Crash.
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Listening
Listening refers to the capability of accurately receiving and interpreting messages in the process of communication. It is worth mentioning that listening is crucial to any effective communication given that without the ability to listen in an effective way, messages would be misunderstood easily – communication will break down and the message’s sender or speaker could become irritated or frustrated easily (Beebe, 2011).
The concept of listening as a strategy for intercultural communication has also been rather ineffective as used in the film Crash. One of the main characters in the film is John Ryan who is a white police officer. He is a racist toward African Americans. His quotes captivate the viewers and he happens not to be a very good listener. When a person does not listen effectively to what the other person is saying, then the individual leaves himself and his mind open to believe anything and in most instances misunderstands the point the other party was trying to say.
Furthermore, people have the tendency of presuming what the other person is trying to say without allowing them to really finish speaking what they were saying. This could result in confusion between the two causing them to jump to conclusions. In Crash, ineffective listening or not listening to others effectively could end in serious irreversible outcomes.
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Conclusion
To sum up, this essay has examined the principles of stereotype and listening as depicted in the film Crash which was directed by Paul Haggis. In this award-winning movie, characters stereotype and judge each other and they also get stereotyped and judged by others. This caused ineffective communication. Furthermore, poor listening by some people in this film led to poor communication and misunderstanding.
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Communication Strategies
Introduction
The paper evaluates two models of communication strategies namely transactional and methodological triangulation theories of communication. The paper sets out by describing the two models, citing examples and how both apply not just in real life, but how individuals involved were affected. Moreover, the paper will equally collaborate real life experiences and how a similar situation may be approached differently.
The transactional theory of communication is beyond just a two-way discussion that involves the speaker and audience. Many factors of communication have often been disregarded. However, times are an integral factor when it comes to communication. There is an enormous disparity regarding communication between two strangers and close friends.
Transactional Model
Transactional model is where two persons communicate through several conduits with corresponding messages. When it comes to other models of communications, messages can not only be misrepresented, but people may be distracted, resulting in misinterpretation that fuels and hampers the model.
For instance,
Hello there!
Hi, how are you?
What’s cooking up, today?
Nothing much, just headed for work, how about you?
Communication Strategies
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People tend to adopt a transactional way, especially when exchanging e-mails or messages. With this type of communication, people literary exchange value for one another, for instance in a greeting where each affords the other some comfort of sorts through a well-defined transactional custom. However, the real transaction may be primarily anchored in the perspective.
Transactions that involve people at home are something else from those between folks at work or along the boulevard. Transactional theory puts more emphasis on reciprocity. A change in the communicator might initiate a change in the surrounding that may later have an impact on the receiver.
Transactional theory presumes that individuals are interlinked through communication; they engage in business dealings. It acknowledges that parties involved in any transaction are senders and receivers. Again, it recognizes the fact that communication has an effect on parties involved. As such, communication is soft of simultaneous. Moreover, the theory comprises of contractions that embody the communication setting; how received data is interpreted. Effective communications are where contractions meet largely because parties engaged in the transaction have a common understanding of the message.
Communication Strategies
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Methodological Triangulation
Human communication in groups is to some degree complex due to various factors that impact individuals’ intentions towards others, thus affecting communication in groups. Methodological triangulation involves practical as well as theoretical perspective in group discussion. On one hand, the theoretical part demonstrates the strategies of inquiring and descriptions used in any given study. On the other, practical viewpoint supports the connection between method, concept, and aim of assessing and substantiating how methodological triangulation integrates varying views about communication in groups.
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Furthermore, methodological triangulation involves using different qualitative methods to investigate a program. For instance, the results obtained from group communication may be used to establish the association. The validity of information may be recognized once results are related. The experts can also interviews, focus groups or the techniques to assess the changes. Additionally, the researcher may investigate the participants, groups, if the results obtained are comparable, and reliability has been established.
For example, in the study of the association of stereotypes in media message on ethnicity and racial backgrounds is the users’ social judgment. This presents a detailed comprehension to make informed decisions using critical and quantitative techniques. It also enables experts to assess communication from different angles while gaining substantial recognition of the issue being researched.
By and large, methodological triangulation is necessary for group communication since it enhances confidence while presenting a clear perspective of questions. This is pegged on the amount of data and diversity used in the investigation. Nevertheless, methodological triangulation is involving because collecting information requires proper planning as well as resources, aspects which may be out of reach.
Communication Strategies
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Conclusion
The paper evaluated two communication theories namely transactional and methodological triangulation models of communication. The paper determined that while the transactional model is anchored on reciprocity, methodological triangulation advances confidence by presenting a clear perspective of issues.
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Effective communication
A lot of people conversation are in written, oral form. Professionally is needed to have effective communication, especially on important matters. Techniques in communications for effective interactions in organization have valued so that to meet core objectives.
First its need a subject, which the statement of purpose is there.Its rather to say what thing to be achieve and to get goal on it. It does not need to be very detailed only shows how demonstrate the success of work. Then get some support key of ideas that gives a detail what should be notice on main keypoints .List of techniques like strength and weakness should be there. And it involves the current situation around, For example The PEST ,Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, that can be affect in your priorities with i the subject matters.
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When you writing the subject in specific areas, A question must be clear if that is behind or familiar on organization’s objectives. This includes the service you might to be in action inline with the needs and principle of organization, which an important factor that has a vision to be success.
Communication has ready to be in broad audience. This has to be include more key points in detailing what the subject is. Most of the time its need a research for doing who would be the audience and what type of audience is it. Facts and creative style of key word is useful like using some paragraph style format of Introduction, body and conclusion. Detailed must be in body and this includes key word for easy understand on audience.
Lot of techniques can be use in order to make a effective communication. And most important in start is formulate a subject because its hows the people to know its object importance.
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Conflict Communication Strategies
1. lose-lose attitude is a perception towards conflict that assumes nobody can win from engaging in a conflict such that those engaged in a conflict must lose: for example, a deteriorated romantic relationship. A win-lose attitude towards conflict assumes that when two people are engaged in a conflict, one must sacrifice to lose for other or one person must win at the expense of another, an example is in a family dispute or affair.
On the other hand, a win-win attitude towards conflict has the assumption that benefits can be derived from a conflict, and it’s possible to reach to a consensus that satisfies everyone that’s involved in the conflict; an example is in a group or a team.
2. Grace is an act of unexpected favor and forgiveness. When one is gracious, they forego their personal needs for another person. The act of grace is not compulsory, and a person forgives someone even when it’s not expected. Grace should be exercised with care. The other person must be sincerely apologetic for grace to be granted. Grace is appropriate for family and friendship relationships but not appropriate when a person is a danger to others or for extremists.
3. Communication climate comprises of the overall feelings and emotional moods between people. Healthy communication climates can be created and sustained through task communication such as analyzing information and ideas, procedural communication such as ordering ideas, and climate communication, for example, engagement
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4. Conflict arises when people that depend on each other have different opinions and interests. Conflict can be constructive or destructive. One of the benefits of conflict is that it brings understanding between people in a relation. When people differ in opinions, it creates an understanding of their culture and desires. Also, conflict brings people closer when they participate in the constructive conflict. Conflict is a confirmation of loyalty when someone remains committed to the relationship despite the differences.
Chapter 8
1. Culture is the understanding, beliefs, and means of interpreting experiences shared by people in a community or a relationship. Communication and culture are related in that some forms of communication are a response to culture, example, and low-context communication style. Also, the level of communication one uses defines the type of culture such as individualistic culture, and thirdly, the type and level of language a person uses represent cultural diversity, for example, multilingual.
2. The five responses to cultural diversity are respect, understanding, participation, tolerance, and resistance. One may value other’s culture and ways of doing things, accept that no tradition is better than the other, get involved in cultural activities of another group, accept differences, or attack other people’s culture.
3. Processes of adapting communication to different cultures include listening, assimilation, interpretation, and assimilation.
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Chapter 9
1. Particular others are certain people that are important to a person and influence self’s values and esteem. Generalized others is a perception an individual has towards the rules, roles, and attitudes set up by one’s culture and community. Particular others shape one’s confidence and values while the generalized others define the way a person carries on their life in public. Particular others and generalized others create an individual’s norms, values and approach to life hence creating one’s sense of identity. A person values particular others but still conforms to the generalized other’s culture.
2. Egocentric communication is a form of communication that calls attention to oneself. The endorsement is accepting one’s thoughts while acknowledgment is hearing another’s expressed feelings. Egocentric helps one gain confidence while endorsement gives power when one is communicating with a group. Egocentric and endorsement lead to acknowledgment which accepts others opinions and, therefore, making a person be an effective communicator.
3. The social comparison involves comparing oneself with others to make judgments about one’s talents and abilities. Reflected appraisal is the definition and image that others give to us. Social comparison is done by oneself while reflected appraisal is judgment formed by others about us.
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Chapter 10
1. Relationship dialects are tension that arises between people that are in opposition. Tension is either novelty or open. An example of Novelty tension is the desire to explore new things while an example of open tension is the desire to share private thoughts.
2. Escalation of a relationship goes through three stages: one, intrapsychic processes which involves talking about not being satisfied with the partner, two, dyadic process where problems are discussed, three, grave dressing process where partners see no value in the relationship, then resurrection where partners take different paths and reforms without involving the other in their life.
3. A romantic relationship undergoes three processes before it’s formed: passion, for example having a strong feeling towards another, relationship culture such as rules set for the relationship, then commitment, for example, contract or marriage.
4. Pragma, ludus, and mania are some of the styles of loving. Pragma is discriminatory. I practice pragma such that I love people by offering finances because they are poor. Ludus is sassy for example, love towards a child. Mania is insecure and obsessive for example, the love I have for my best friend and lover.
5. Communication is one of the major challenges of long distance relationship. It is hard to express one’s feelings, and it’s normally insecure when a partner is not near. To cope and sustain the relationship, couples should communicate daily over the phone and use video chatting methods. Also, couples should learn to listen and mind the other’s feelings.
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Chapter 11
1. A group consists of more than two people who share same goals but are independent. A team consists of people with similar resources and has the same sense of identity as they try to fulfill a certain mission. A team and a group are similar in that members have similar goals. However, in a group people are independent while in a team people are dependent.
2. Kinds of groups that are found in businesses and civil life include formal groups, informal groups, secondary groups, and primary groups. Primary group example is a departmental association; the secondary group is a project team, the informal group is a social affiliation, and example of a formal group is a management group.
3. Working in groups is healthy as more ideas are generated than in an individual group. However, it takes the time to process work while in a group than in individualized project. Group work is more efficient as it leads to cohesion and cultural diversification.
4. Climate communication, egocentric communication, task communication, and procedural communication are some of the communication methods involved in group communication. Egocentric is self-centered and brings conflicts in a group, task communication helps in idea generation, procedural communication assists in establishing a process of change, and climate communication help in creating a conducive atmosphere.
5. Stages of standard agenda are idea generation, critic, dialogue, defense, analysis, then making the final decision. It is good to allow critics and discussion to help in coming up with the best alternative decision.
6. Stages of nominal group technique are an introduction, generation of ideas, sharing of ideas, discussion, and voting. In deciding method to use for advertising, marketer introduces the idea, members give opinions, ideas are shared and discussed then voting takes place to take the best method.
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Chapter 12
1. Rites are planned activities that are intended to bring a group of people together. Ritual is a recurring communication technique that is perceived by organization members to contain some set values.
2. U.S workers during industrial revolution did not have the motivation to work as they only observed rituals as set by colonialists to avoid punishments. In today’s society, workers are represented by unions hence; their needs are considered and have the motivation to work.
3. Major communication challenges faced by organizations today are unclear expectations, distance barrier between departmental units, and employees not trusting each other. Senior employees have conflicting interests with juniors and exercise their power excessively causing conflicts. The worst challenge is conflicting interest since it causes tension and lack of concentration by employees.
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Dissemination Strategy
Disseminating Evidence
The ultimate desired impact of any project, campaign or process change squarely rests in the dissemination strategy effectiveness and presentation (Mitton, Adair & McKenzie, 2007). According to Lomas (2013), the term dissemination is used to describe a set of actions that are properly and purposefully organized and designed towards promotion and empowering incorporation as well as applications of strategies which are already validated.
Thus, dissemination is the actual process through which availability of a project outcomes and deliverables is made achievable and presented to stakeholders as well as the wider audience or community (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012). This implies that the dissemination of results is imperative in to maintain the practice as well as the outcome for appropriate practices.
The dissemination of the project results will be carried out to the key stakeholders within a 3-month time frame. This dissemination will have a key purpose of presenting the project results to key stakeholders in order to inform project development, strategy of receiving feedback as well as assuring that the practice and outcome are going to be maintained upon the project implementation (Mitton, Adair & McKenzie, 2007).
The key stakeholders for the project and to who the project strategy will be disseminate to include: the hospital CEO, Director of Pediatrics, NICU staff, Director of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, NICU Nurse Manager, Nurse Educators, EBP committee, Director of Physical Therapy, and Director of Research and Development. The presentation of the project together with its obtained results will be done through staff meetings, news bulletins as well as e-mails.
Conferences or workshops will also be arranged concerning the project planning and development in order to ensure a high-profile implementation of the project, through which the participants, stakeholders and the community will learn from its achievements. In addition, through this strategy the project outputs and deliverables will be embedded and taken up or incorporated (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).
There is also another strategy which is offered by workshops or conferences as an appropriate strategy of dissemination because it helps in enabling a communication process with a feedback loop meaning it is two directions i.e. between the NICU community and the project implementers whereby stakeholders and the community can be invited for brainstorming and contribution of ideas on how the project results can be utilized (Lomas, 2013).
Furthermore, expanding the invitation of the workshops and conferences to the wider community will be vital in allowing the dissemination significance of the project outcomes or results to the greater nursing community. Evaluation of the project progress through a retrospective evaluation of project reports will ensure proper monitoring.
In conclusion, dissemination of significant importance in uplifting nursing practice, and uplifting of nursing is fundamental outcome and critical to healthcare delivery (National Institutes of Health, 2007). In addition, regular evaluation of the project implementation will play an essential role in monitoring its progress.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Health.gov. Washington, DC: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at www.health.gov/communication/resources/Default.asp. Accessed July 5, 2016.
Lomas, J. (2013). Diffusion, dissemination, and implementation: who should do what? Ann N Y Acad Science, 703:226-35; discussion 35-7. PMID: 8192299.
Mitton, C., Adair, C.E., & McKenzie, E. (2007). Knowledge transfer and exchange: review and synthesis of the literature. Milbank Q 85(4):729-68. PMID: 18070335.
National Institutes of Health. (2007). NIH Conference. Building the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in the Service of Public Health. 2007 Sep 10-11. Available at www.obssr.od.nih.gov/di2007/about.html. Accessed July 5, 2016.
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