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The Consumer Behavior concept
Order Instructions:
The Consumer Behavior concept is “Market Segmentation” The article analysis assignments are used each week to expand and apply Consumer Behavior terms, application, or concepts using peer reviewed research articles from academic journals. These articles must report research the author completed in the subject area and be from the past three (3) years or less.
This assignment (the article annotation) extracts and summarizes the major points relative to a particular topic area that we have discussed. Use the following as a guide to your assignment completion:
a) Purpose of the study
b) Methodology of the study
c) The results – most important because this is the empirical evidence
d) Conclusions – least important since this is the author’s opinion
e) Recommendation for future research
The article citation must follow the APA 6th edition format using a hanging-indent. The annotation itself should be 250 words double-spaced.
Comments on Annotation: must be 200 words
Post your comment on your submitted article annotation. In your post, evaluate the selection of the article, the research conducted, the empirical findings, and the opinions of the author. Using this post, determine the type of project/research this article might support.
Below is a partial answer to the above homework questions by one of our writers. If you are interested in a custom non plagiarized top quality answer, click order now to place your order.
The Consumer Behavior concept Research Article Review and Annotation
Annotation
Canhoto, A. I., Clark, M., & Fennemore, P. (2013). Emerging segmentation practices in the age of the social customer. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(5), 413-428.
This was an exploratory study that was conducted with the aim of examining the segmentation approaches of firms that use social media. Specifically, it examined whether the traditional approaches were still relevant in the wake of social media and whether there are other emerging practices. Researchers used key informant interviews for data collection. The participants in this study were nineteen senior marketing officials of selected organizations.
Additionally, the researchers selected participating organization using the non-probabilistic sampling method which assisted in identifying firms that use social media for marketing. The interviews, which lasted one hours, were semi-structured and interviewers used open-ended questions. Eighteen of the participants were interviewed face to face while the other one conducted a telephone interview. All interviews were recorded and later coded manually due to massive use of multiple synonyms.
Subsequently, the findings of the research revealed that organizations considered segmentation as a vital aspect of marketing. Further, it was also found that firms used social media in order to identify and categorize the clientele. The profiling was intended to target customers and aloe the companies to position their offers. It was also shown that there were varying levels of investment in market segmentation, and more so, social media by organizations.
Additionally, the research also showed that culture has a lot of influence on firms when it came to the adoption social media segmentation. It was concluded that social media is used to supplement traditional market segmentation approaches. It was recommended that further research is need for the purpose of studying the prospects of social media market segmentation in the business world.
Comments on Annotation
This article was chosen because it addresses the emerging issues in market segmentation. It is evident that the wave of social media has swept over most aspects of people’s lives. The advancement in technology opens up new opportunities for organizations and as such call for a way to change the way business is done. One important aspect of social media is that it has had a huge impact on marketing. Currently, firms are finding ways in which they can deal with social customers, most on which share their market experience on social media (Simkin & Dibb, 2013)……
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Critical appraisal is conducted for 3 main reasons; a) to improve nursing practice, b) to increase nursing knowledge and understanding c) to provide a baseline for the study to be conducted. There is need for thorough understanding of the research study so as to establish the study strengths and weaknesses, and to evaluate the quality if strength of the evidence developed by the study as well as the appropriateness of its use in the reader’s practice.
In this context, this essay is a critical appraisal of the following article; Ma, C., & Park, S. H. (2015). Hospital Magnet status, unit work environment, and pressure ulcers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(6), 565-573.
Critical analysis
The article introduces the topic in a way that orientates the reader to the subject. It provides the background information using succinct statements. The last sentence of the introduction part is the thesis statement (Creswell, 2014; Jaul, 2013). Pressure ulcers are critical patient issue because they are associated with prolonged hospital stays, increases patient risks for adverse events and increased consumption of the healthcare costs (Cai, Rahman, & Intrator, 2013; Buttaro et al., 2013, p. 304).
Nurses play crucial role in preventing pressure ulcers. However, the degree of patient safety is determined by the nurse work place environment, “The organizational factors in work-environments facilitate or constrain the professional nursing practice” (Ma & Parks, 2015, p. 566). The article evaluates the nursing factors at both the hospital and unit level associated with Hospital acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU).
The research problem and its significance
The research problem in this study is the organization’s factors or nurse work environment that negatively influence patient’s outcome, such as increasing HAPU incidence. “The unit-level work environments have major impact on the nurse work environment” (Ma & Sharks, 2015, p.65). The research problem is a focal point of research. It is well stated in this article and generates questions in which the research study aims to address (Stafford & Brower, 2012, p. 11; Suttipong & Sindhu, 2011, p. 373).
On the other hand, the significance of a study is the rationale of the study. The researcher proves to the audience that the research is vital and worth doing it. For instance, the study indicates that the need to reduce hospital acquired pressure ulcers has gained national attention. “There are approximately 2.5 million pressure ulcers that occur in the USA, and coasts $9.1-11.6 billion (Ma &Sharks, 2015, p. 65).”
The research design and methods
Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt state that research design is the overall strategy chosen by the researcher to integrate different components of the study. It should be constructed in a logical manner to ensure that the researcher effectively address the research problem using the appropriate data collection method and analysis of data. In this context, design includes the study setting, description of the study sample, data collection method and data analysis. This part describes all the instruments used and their rationale; (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2014; Lewis, 2014).
The research method is used in this article is qualitative. The research design used in this article is the Cross-sectional observational study of data collected from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI). This research design is appropriate for this study because it examines the relationship of exposure and outcome in a defined population at one point in time.
In addition, the research design is inexpensive, less time consuming and provides a good but quick picture of prevalence of the research problem and its outcome. Although appropriate for this study, the main issue with this research design lacks time element making it difficult to determine the temporal relationship between the research problem and the outcome of the proposed intervention (Ma & Sharks, 2015, p.567).
Data used in this article was collected from NDNQI. NDNQI is a repository for nursing quality data in the USA that enables the researchers to conduct comparative analysis in order to develop evidence based practices for nursing-sensitive patient practices and outcomes at unit level.
The data collected was supplemented with the NDNQI RN survey, which collected information related to nurse work conditions such as work content, environments and demographics. The total participants for RN survey was 33, 845 from 1,381 units in 373 healthcare facilities in 44 States. The inclusion criteria for this survey were nurses who had spent 50% of their time in general units in the hospital within the last three months.
The researcher also established measures to ensure reliability of the data collected, “To ensure reliability of the aggregated unit measures…… units with RN response rate below 50% were excluded from data analysis (Ma & Sharks, 2015, p.566).”
Data analysis of the collected data was compare the nurse work environments, staffing levels, HAPU rates and the RN skill mix of the NDQI member hospitals. Three multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of nurse work environment and healthcare facilities management of HAPU. The data analysis used is appropriate for this nature of the study as it provides conclusive comparative analysis (Ma & Sharks, 2015, p.568).
Findings and their relevance to contemporary nursing policy and practice
The study examined work environments impact on management of HAPU at hospital and unit level. The study findings indicate that improving working environments both at hospital level and unit level results to lower HAPU rates. The data findings presentation in this article is concise and appropriately used non-textual elements such as table summaries and figures to present data findings effectively. The data provided is critical in answering the research question. For instance, Magnet hospital units had 21% low odds of having HAPU as compared to the non-magnet hospital.
There are several limitations noted in this study. To start with, participation of hospitals in NDNQI is voluntary, which indicates overrepresentation or underrepresentation of hospitals with certain characteristics. Secondly, the study omitted some specific information such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status and other co-morbidities that could introduce residual confounding effects. In addition, patient level information in most of quality indicators is limited.
Despite the limitations, the study findings are consistent with the previous studies. The nursing implication of this study is that it improves the understanding of work environments in relation to patient’s outcomes. In this context, the nurse work environment refers to the context in which the nurses provide patient centered care (Guihan et al., 2016, Matsuo, Oie, & Furukawa, 2013).
The quality of care is influenced by the nurse work environment characteristics such as the administrative support, nurse-physician relations and nurse resource adequacy. Effective nurse work environments are established through better communication, team work between the healthcare providers and higher autonomy/practice control.
Nurses in such types of environments are less likely to suffer from burnout or express intent to quit their jobs, but are likely to function efficiently, deliver superior quality of care that ultimately improves patient’s overall outcome (Demarre et al., 2014, p. 392; Singh et al., 2015, p.7; Neilson et al., 2014, p. 21).
Conclusion
The study findings in this study facilitate the understanding the link between organizational environments and the patient outcomes. This study highlights the effectiveness of unit-specific quality improvement initiatives in today’s highly specialized care. This study generates new ideas that will help improve patient safety and quality of care in nursing practice.
References
Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. Sage Publications.
Demarre, L., Verhaeghe, S., Van Hecke, A., Clays, E., Grypdonck, M., & Beeckman, D. (2014). Factors predicting the development of pressure ulcers in an at-risk population who receive standardized preventive care: secondary analyses of a multicentre randomised controlled trial. J Adv Nurs, 71(2), 391-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jan.12497
Guihan, M., Murphy, D., Rogers, T., Parachuri, R., SAE Richardson, M., Lee, K., & Bates-Jensen, B. (2016). Documentation of preventive care for pressure ulcers initiated during annual evaluations in SCI. The Journal Of Spinal Cord Medicine, 160204031040002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2015.1114225
Jaul, E. (2013). Cohort study of atypical pressure ulcers development. International Wound Journal, 11(6), 696-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12033
Jaul, E. (2014). Multidisciplinary and comprehensive approaches to optimal management of chronic pressure ulcers in the elderly. Chronic Wound Care Management And Research, 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/cwcmr.s44809
Matsuo, M., Oie, S., & Furukawa, H. (2013). Contamination of blood pressure cuffs by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and preventive measures. Irish Journal Of Medical Science, 182(4), 707-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-013-0961-7
Ma, C., & Park, S. H. (2015). Hospital Magnet status, unit work environment, and pressure ulcers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(6), 565-573.
Melnyk, B., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2014).Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Neilson, J., Avital, L., Willock, J., & Broad, N. (2014). Using a national guideline to prevent and manage pressure ulcers. Nursing Management – UK, 21(2), 18-21
Singh, R., Dhayal, R., Sehgal, P., & Rohilla, R. (2015). To Evaluate Antimicrobial Properties of Platelet Rich Plasma and Source of Colonization in Pressure Ulcers in Spinal Injury Patients. Ulcers, 2015, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/749585
Suttipong, C., & Sindhu, S. (2011). Predicting factors of pressure ulcers in older Thai stroke patients living in urban communities. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(3-4), 372-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03889.x
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Good parenting
Psychology Article Analysis: Good parenting heals your child’s brain
Psychology Article Analysis: Good parenting heals your child’s brain
The article ‘Good parenting heals your child’s brain,’ was written by Armin Brott and posted on hitched magazine on 21st January, 2014. It can be obtained through the following link; http://www.hitchedmag.com/article.php?id=1765
Good parenting
Main ideas
Children who grow up in institutions as opposed to with their families have cardinal brain development deficits, similar to children who grew up in poverty. Poverty brings about stress that result to damaged DNA and cells, poor immune system function, and inflammation. Orphans in institutions possess more neurological and behavioral deficits compared to those who lived in family (Brott, 2014).
At the age of for and half years, more than forty percent of the orphans had anxiety disorders while four percent had critical depressive disorders. In addition, many orphans exhibited autism signs including stereotyping and repetitive behaviors (arm-flapping and rocking).
Good parenting
Children living in institutions possess less white and gray matter (this matter connects various brain regions) compared to those in foster homes or living with their families. In addition, they have smaller amygdala and hippocampus that are vital for memory, learning, and emotion (Brott, 2014). Reduced white matter is common in a majority of the psychiatric and neurological conditions such as ADHD, schizophrenia, and autism.
A developmental neuroscientist explained that the less white matter meant less brain electrical activity- ‘alpha power’. These brain differences were accountable for the behavioral variations in the different groups of children- higher levels of anxiety and depression disorders in children in institutions (Brott, 2014). Children in foster homes and institutions had higher levels of oppositional defiant behavior and ADHD.
This gives the implication that children are placed in foster homes too late after profound deprivations had been experienced. Children can never recover from early-life isolation and the social deprivation is devastating. The environment in a child’s life between 0-5 years is vital for their future.
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Good parenting heals your child’s brain
Article’s purpose
The article aims at creating awareness that poverty leads to children’s stunted brain growth. However, research indicates that good parenting reverses these impacts (Brott, 2014). Therefore, there is a need for families (particularly parents) to raise their own children and avoid leaving that responsibility to the community and other people. In addition, the brain requires stimulation for development and growth.
The field of psychology explained
Autism experts, behavioralists, and developmental neuroscientists have a key role in ensuring a community with healthy people (Brott, 2014).
Analysis
Viewpoint
The article’s viewpoint is that there is a need for enriched environments during childhood and infancy. Social deprivation is the reason why children living in institutions have higher levels of anxiety and depression disorders.
Reasonable information
The article offers reasonable information owing to the fact that the information was obtained from credible researches.
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Is the information believable?
The information is believable since the parents were assessed keenly before the report was written. The information has also been cross examined.
Persuasiveness
The article persuades parents to practice good parenting as this plays a great role in ensuring healthy and productive children.
Information that can be added
The study should have elaborated what factors in the different environments contributed to altered brain function and structure.