Category: Research study

Environmental issues Research Study

Environmental issues
Environmental issues

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Environmental issues

How does the plummeting of oil prices affect the climate?

The recent fall in oil price from about USD 115 to 50 per barrel in mid-2014 and August 2015 respectively has contributed to diverse views regarding the adverse effects on the environment. These environmental issues views may be divided into three groups;

a) Plummeting oil price is regarded to exert downward strain on gas oil cost as well as the price of natural gas. This is likely to divert significant ventures from environmentally sustainable energy methods to gas-driven electric plants. The required change of the globe’s energy technologies from fossil fuels to low-carbon techniques may be significantly stopped (Kurtz, 2004).

b) Falling oil prices and the low cost of petroleum by-products including gasoline, may exert increased demand on internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicles. This may hinder not only development but also diffusion of ecologically friendly options, like electric vehicles (EVs) that do not emit CO2 emissions. Also, advanced vehicle travel may, in turn, lead to further emissions.

c) In the context of low oil price, global attempts to attain the relevant diplomatic agreements on the conservation of the planet, like the UN Sustainable Development Summit, could be hindered by the remarkable opportunity costs countries will experience in dissociating from fossil fuels.

Environmental issues

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Electric Vehicles

Plummeting oil prices are regularly seen as contribute to reduced pump price of gasoline and diesel. Something, some people believe that can adversely affect a nascent sector of Zero-emission automobiles like EVs, which use fuel-cell technologies or even lithium-ion battery, which some see as a challenge when it comes to competing with incumbent ICE. In reality, reduced oil cost per barrel does not imply low pump prices.

Less than a half of the retail cost of diesel and gasoline in the United States is based on the cost of crude oil. The remaining is going to refinery, distribution, marketing and taxes. As as matter of fact, much as the price of crude oil has declined to approximately 57% since 2014, gasoline has reduced by about 36% (U.S. Department of Energy 2016).

With the considerable reduction of oil prices, it is not certain the degree of EV producers will be affected. For instance, the main players, in battery-driven EVs, Telsa and target premium Model S cars and compete with other premium car producers.In this case, the client base is less concerned with opportunity costs of using electricity as a result of the price of oil. Instead, they are mainly interested in environmental benefits as well as reputation associated with having a Telsa.

Nevertheless, the price of gasoline has little impact on the general demand of vehicle travel; this means that vehicle travel is, in fact, inelastic. This may illustrate by the ill-timed reality of the present day transport structure is significantly reliant on oil. Individuals want to move around, go their workplaces, take children to school and buy goods. Particularly, in the United States individual motorized mobility, ICE is the most suitable alternative for personal transport. They prefer to purchase and use gas despite its costs since it’s a necessity.

Environmental issues

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Thus plummeting price of fuel may be expected to have little impact on the CO2 emission in the environment. Regardless of the falling oil price, renewable energy is primarily cost-competitive with fossil fuel in different areas. For certain applications including off-grid, they are without a doubt superior. Moreover, solar PV cells are cost-competitive at utility-level. These is likely to develop further while the falling costs of battery technologies can, together with widespread use of smart grid applications, result in an absolute change in terms of how energy is produced and used (COSNRC, 2003).

More so, the plummeting oil price poses a low-carbon transmission cannot be overlooked, since full influence on deployment and investment in renewable energy is not evident yet. Again, it is challenging to establish the appropriate counterfactual of how to be invested in renewable energy with the recent oil price reductions and therefore to recognize the degree of harm on climate. 

Nonetheless, it is proposed that the latest plummeting oil price has hindered the installation of new investments as well as shale exploration, as the majority are not viable based on the current costs. This demonstrates that falling oil price can materialize like a two-fold sword. On one hand, possible increasing demand for oil while diluting economic incentives for changing to low-carbon options, which can prevent supply by ensuring that new investments are economically not viable on the other.

Perhaps the question one would ask is whether or not the current oil price nosedive has an effect on the environment. For too long environmental activists have been concerned with carbon taxes to inflame oil costs and pave the way for clean-energy innovations. However, the recent price crash has been upheld as good for the environment, since it could gravely weaken big oil and its grip on the world’s energy business (Kurtz, 2004).

Environmental issues

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Oil prices are now less than 50% of what it used to cost in less than one year ago. Logically, this may escalate the volume of oil burned regarding energy, largely because people are somewhat less cautious with cheap stuff, and because plummeting fuel costs will spur economic activities. Low fuel cost will equally deject outlay in alternative sources of energy like renewables. However, the oil greed demonstrates no signs of easing, as some of the leading oil producing nations under the OPEC umbrella are not ready to pump more oil to the market.

The high cost of oil reduces petroleum demand an aspect that makes petroleum options more viable, while plummeting oil costs re-energize the demand for the product, culminating in massive production due to demand.  When oil prices go up, people tend to drive less, but with low oil prices, people prefer fuel-guzzlers because of the purchasing power. Nonetheless, there is an argument that price decline could enhance green gains. That is mainly because low oil costs may spell doom for big oil and the necessity to look for alternative sources of black coal.

Precisely, declining oil costs make a huge investment in new oil reserves appear like bad deals because of the high costs associated with drilling new sites, whether it deep off-shore drilling or Arctic (U.S. Department of Energy 2016). Analysts suggest that unrelenting oil costs could weaken investment by entities involved in oil probe and production. Again, dropping oil prices will slow the need for developing alternative sources of clean energy. This will help conserve the environment by making the coal and oil deposits unburnable hence curtailing global temperature rise to two degrees Centigrade.

Environmental issues

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The reality about oil companies is to make a profit.  So, falling oil prices will mean less exploration, an issue that will help conserve the environment because some of the most ecologically hurting oil exploration transpire in the expensive regions. The underlying economics with cheap oil is increased consumption. Commuters are more likely to avoid cycling during winter.

The demand for petroleum is widely unbendable, in simple words; people may hardly change with a change in pricing (Kurtz, 2004). While crude oil is employed to make petroleum items used to fuel airplanes, vehicles; warm homes and produce pharmaceutical products, less activity owing to dropping oil prices will reverse the adverse effects that the glut for the exploration has had on the environment.                                           

Exploration and oil drilling distracts land and maritime environments. These activities may hamper fish and marine life. While modern technology can enhance the proficiency of exploration and drilling operations, dropping, oil prices will lessen these activities. Hydraulic fracturing is a method employed to produce oil not only from shale but also from tight rock formations. This approach has enabled the US to enhance its domestic fuel production while minimizing the amount of fuel imported.        

    Environmental issues

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These are ecological issues related to this technique. Fracturing rocks involve large quantities of water and utilize high levels of hazardous chemicals to produce fuel from rocks. In particular regions, the use considerable amount of water to produce fuel can remarkably impact the availability of water as well as aquatic life. Faulty wells or poor handling may lead to spills and leaks. With less activity when it comes to exploration, the marine life would be saved from such disasters. Furthermore, hydraulic fracturing generates significant amounts of waste water, which contains chemicals and other hazardous compounds that require treatment before recycle or disposal.

Since the quantity of water utilized and intricacy of treating particular waste water, treatment and disposal are crucial and challenging. In most cases, disposal of sewage entails injecting it into deep wells, which can contribute to earthquakes, in turn, lead to adverse effects on the environment. However, the perpetual oil price drop will mean less activity in this sector hence less hazardous substance will be generated.

Environmental issues

References

Committee on Oil in the Sea, National Research Council. (COSNRC) (2003). Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10388.html.

Kurtz, Rick S. (2004). Coastal oil pollution: Spills, crisis, and policy change. Review of Policy Research 21, no. 2: 201-19.

U.S. Department of Energy (2016). “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.” Available from              http://www.eere.energy.gov.

Environmental issues

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Plummeting Oil Prices effect on the Climate

Plummeting Oil Prices
Plummeting Oil Prices

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Plummeting Oil Prices

How does the plummeting oil prices affect the climate?

The recent fall in oil price from about USD 115 to 50 per barrel in mid-2014 and August 2015 respectively has contributed to diverse views regarding the adverse effects on the environment. These views may be divided into three groups;

a) Plummeting oil prices is regarded to exert downward strain on gas oil cost as well as the price of natural gas. This is likely to divert significant ventures from environmentally sustainable energy methods to gas-driven electric plants. The required change of the globe’s energy technologies from fossil fuels to low-carbon techniques may be significantly stopped (Kurtz, 2004).

b) Falling oil prices and the low cost of petroleum by-products including gasoline, may exert increased demand on internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicles. This may hinder not only development but also diffusion of ecologically friendly options, like electric vehicles (EVs) that do not emit CO2 emissions. Also, advanced vehicle travel may, in turn, lead to further emissions.

c) In the context of low oil price, global attempts to attain the relevant diplomatic agreements on the conservation of the planet, like the UN Sustainable Development Summit, could be hindered by the remarkable opportunity costs countries will experience in dissociating from fossil fuels.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Electric Vehicles

Plummeting oil prices are regularly seen as contribute to reduced pump price of gasoline and diesel. Something, some people believe that can adversely affect a nascent sector of Zero-emission automobiles like EVs, which use fuel-cell technologies or even lithium-ion battery, which some see as a challenge when it comes to competing with incumbent ICE. In reality, reduced oil cost per barrel does not imply low pump prices.

Less than a half of the retail cost of diesel and gasoline in the United States is based on the cost of crude oil. The remaining is going to refinery, distribution, marketing and taxes. As as matter of fact, much as the price of crude oil has declined to approximately 57% since 2014, gasoline has reduced by about 36% (U.S. Department of Energy 2016).

With the considerable reduction of oil prices, it is not certain the degree of EV producers will be affected. For instance, the main players, in battery-driven EVs, Telsa and target premium Model S cars and compete with other premium car producers.In this case, the client base is less concerned with opportunity costs of using electricity as a result of the price of oil. Instead, they are mainly interested in environmental benefits as well as reputation associated with having a Telsa.

Nevertheless, the price of gasoline has little impact on the general demand of vehicle travel; this means that vehicle travel is, in fact, inelastic. This may illustrate by the ill-timed reality of the present day transport structure is significantly reliant on oil. Individuals want to move around, go their workplaces, take children to school and buy goods. Particularly, in the United States individual motorized mobility, ICE is the most suitable alternative for personal transport. They prefer to purchase and use gas despite its costs since it’s a necessity.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Thus plummeting price of fuel may be expected to have little impact on the CO2 emission in the environment. Regardless of the falling oil price, renewable energy is primarily cost-competitive with fossil fuel in different areas. For certain applications including off-grid, they are without a doubt superior. Moreover, solar PV cells are cost-competitive at utility-level. These is likely to develop further while the falling costs of battery technologies can, together with widespread use of smart grid applications, result in an absolute change in terms of how energy is produced and used (COSNRC, 2003).

More so, the plummeting oil price poses a low-carbon transmission cannot be overlooked, since full influence on deployment and investment in renewable energy is not evident yet. Again, it is challenging to establish the appropriate counterfactual of how to be invested in renewable energy with the recent oil price reductions and therefore to recognize the degree of harm on climate.

Nonetheless, it is proposed that the latest plummeting oil price has hindered the installation of new investments as well as shale exploration, as the majority are not viable based on the current costs. This demonstrates that falling oil price can materialize like a two-fold sword. On one hand, possible increasing demand for oil while diluting economic incentives for changing to low-carbon options, which can prevent supply by ensuring that new investments are economically not viable on the other.

Perhaps the question one would ask is whether or not the current oil price nosedive has an effect on the environment. For too long environmental activists have been concerned with carbon taxes to inflame oil costs and pave the way for clean-energy innovations. However, the recent price crash has been upheld as good for the environment, since it could gravely weaken big oil and its grip on the world’s energy business (Kurtz, 2004).

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Oil prices are now less than 50% of what it used to cost in less than one year ago. Logically, this may escalate the volume of oil burned regarding energy, largely because people are somewhat less cautious with cheap stuff, and because plummeting fuel costs will spur economic activities. Low fuel cost will equally deject outlay in alternative sources of energy like renewables. However, the oil greed demonstrates no signs of easing, as some of the leading oil producing nations under the OPEC umbrella are not ready to pump more oil to the market.

The high cost of oil reduces petroleum demand an aspect that makes petroleum options more viable, while plummeting oil costs re-energize the demand for the product, culminating in massive production due to demand.  When oil prices go up, people tend to drive less, but with low oil prices, people prefer fuel-guzzlers because of the purchasing power. Nonetheless, there is an argument that price decline could enhance green gains. That is mainly because low oil costs may spell doom for big oil and the necessity to look for alternative sources of black coal.

Precisely, declining oil costs make a huge investment in new oil reserves appear like bad deals because of the high costs associated with drilling new sites, whether it deep off-shore drilling or Arctic (U.S. Department of Energy 2016). Analysts suggest that unrelenting oil costs could weaken investment by entities involved in oil probe and production. Again, dropping oil prices will slow the need for developing alternative sources of clean energy. This will help conserve the environment by making the coal and oil deposits unburnable hence curtailing global temperature rise to two degrees Centigrade.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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The reality about oil companies is to make a profit. So, falling oil prices will mean less exploration, an issue that will help conserve the environment because some of the most ecologically hurting oil exploration transpire in the expensive regions. The underlying economics with cheap oil is increased consumption. Commuters are more likely to avoid cycling during winter.

The demand for petroleum is widely unbendable, in simple words; people may hardly change with a change in pricing (Kurtz, 2004). While crude oil is employed to make petroleum items used to fuel airplanes, vehicles; warm homes and produce pharmaceutical products, less activity owing to dropping oil prices will reverse the adverse effects that the glut for the exploration has had on the environment.

Exploration and oil drilling distracts land and maritime environments. These activities may hamper fish and marine life. While modern technology can enhance the proficiency of exploration and drilling operations, dropping, oil prices will lessen these activities. Hydraulic fracturing is a method employed to produce oil not only from shale but also from tight rock formations. This approach has enabled the US to enhance its domestic fuel production while minimizing the amount of fuel imported.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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These are ecological issues related to this technique. Fracturing rocks involve large quantities of water and utilize high levels of hazardous chemicals to produce fuel from rocks. In particular regions, the use considerable amount of water to produce fuel can remarkably impact the availability of water as well as aquatic life. Faulty wells or poor handling may lead to spills and leaks. With less activity when it comes to exploration, the marine life would be saved from such disasters. Furthermore, hydraulic fracturing generates significant amounts of waste water, which contains chemicals and other hazardous compounds that require treatment before recycle or disposal.

Since the quantity of water utilized and intricacy of treating particular waste water, treatment and disposal are crucial and challenging. In most cases, disposal of sewage entails injecting it into deep wells, which can contribute to earthquakes, in turn, lead to adverse effects on the environment. However, the perpetual oil price drop will mean less activity in this sector hence less hazardous substance will be generated.

References

Committee on Oil in the Sea, National Research Council. (COSNRC) (2003). Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10388.html.

Kurtz, Rick S. (2004). Coastal oil pollution: Spills, crisis, and policy change. Review of Policy Research 21, no. 2: 201-19.

U.S. Department of Energy (2016). “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.” Available from http://www.eere.energy.gov.

Plummeting Oil Prices

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Critical Research Essay Paper

Critical Research
Critical Research

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Critical Research

The aspect that was to me was the approaches that are applied in communication research. These approaches are divided into quantitative research, qualitative research, critical research, and rhetoric research. Of the four, the model that I found to be quite interesting is the critical research model. According to Wood, critical research is not interested much with understanding and explaining organizational communication (Wood, 2014). However, I learned that this model lays more emphasis on analyzing, judging, and criticizing values.

Additionally, critical research just as the word “critical” suggests, focuses more on seeing how the society or an organization exists in a world full of power imbalances. In ideal societies and institutions, there are those individuals that have power and those that lack. Researchers who conduct critical analysis strongly believe that those without power are purposefully prevented by the powerful from attaining ultimate quality. Therefore, critical scholarship tends to be inclined towards the side of weaker individuals when commenting or studying relations of dominance (Wood, 2014).

I also noted that critical theory aids us to question institutions, ideologies, identities, and interests that seem to be dominant and challenging. For instance, critical research helps us to examine whether or not ideologies that have been established within an institution are fundamentally dangerous particularly to the workers. Moreover, with critical research we are in a better position to question certain ideologies on where they came from and the effectiveness of their applicability.

Usually, managers come up with certain ideologies that tend to be inherently problematic for the employees. Therefore, it is the duty of workers to put their best foot forward and challenge such ideologies lest they become implemented for several years without being challenged. Critical is also significant since it aids in examining different institutions to identify which ones are dominant in the society and which ones are not safe for the general worker.

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References

Wood, J. (2014). Communication mosaics: An introduction to the field of communication. Cengage Learning.

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Discrimination Issues Essay Paper

Discrimination Issues
Discrimination Issues

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Discrimination Issues

Introduction

In this contemporary society, people have based the element of religious accommodation in making different decisions especially within work environments that have seen the employers either agreeing with the employees or having a different feeling in consideration of the differences in beliefs and discrimination issues. Today, it is more likely to find a Christian refusing to employ a Muslim because they have different beliefs and faiths.

The law therefore considers religious discrimination in different angles (Burmeister, 2014). These laws therefore address the issues that tend to be different from the other forms of employment discrimination. These laws have been constituted in a complex manner, a factor that has seen the reduction of religious discrimination and accommodation cases within the working environment. This paper therefore seeks to carry a study on discrimination issues as regarded by religion and accommodation.

Issue

Flips burger is a company that has fifteen employees with the company putting emphasis on adhering to its rules and regulations as defined by the EEOC. According to the case study, a plaintiff was fired for legitimately acknowledging her religious beliefs by putting on a Hijab to work during their Ramadhan celebration (Burmeister, 2014). It is however essential to note that the defendant had no valid reasons to prove the Plaintiffs breach of the working conditions.

It is essential to establish the fact that the employers always have the right to develop boundaries and policies in the manner in which employees dress. However, religious and accommodation issues are likely to come in between this aspect (Burmeister, 2014). It is in this case essential to stress that if the dressing code genuinely reflects the employee’s religious belief, there is need for the employer to accommodate these beliefs since failing to do this would create issues for the employers business.

Elements of the Cause of Action

In determining the elements that led to the cause of action, it is vital to understand that the defendant had the capacity and authority to set work place rules in governing the image of the company and in promoting the professional appearance of his employees as would be indicated in a court of law (Massengill, & Petersen, 2008). However, there is a need to grant opportunities with the aim of accommodating the employee’s genuine religious beliefs such as the wearing of Hijab to work. This therefore depicts the manner in which the employer discriminated the employees’ rights within the work environment.

Discrimination Issues

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Applicable Defenses for the Case

Even upon the placement of policies within the workplace, employees need to be on the look in considering and accommodating the religious beliefs of the employees as a way of avoiding litigation. In as much as the employer may have had no reasons of terminating the services of the employee, it is essential to consider that this is an act of discrimination that is also viewed as unethical (Massengill, & Petersen, 2008).

Considering the fact that the Plaintiff provided the employer with adequate notice about the religious even that was underway and the practices that follow these events, the employer still failed to accommodate this fact, a factor that proves that he is guilty of discrimination.

The Basis for the Judge’s Rule

It is essential to consider the fact that this case needs to be determined in different ways. First, the employer who is the defendant having been provided with adequate notice on the employees beliefs failed to accommodate the beliefs of the employee. This therefore denotes that fact that the employee’s religious rights were violated (Rabin-Margalioth, 2003). The judge would therefore consider the fact that the employee’s garments were worn for religious purposes and were not injurious to the public’s welfare.

However, two issues remain that need to be considered. The wearing of Hijab may be acceptable within a work environment. But the other Islamic clothing’s that cover the body and the faces of an individual such as the Niqabs and the burkhas may prove challenging to tolerate especially for the employees who serve within public places (Rabin-Margalioth, 2003). This would hinder the manner in which humans communicate especially when not seeing the face of someone serving you.

These are factors that employers therefore need to deliberate with employees in striking an agreement. It is therefore significant that the employer needed to ensure that the organization incorporated the element of inclusivity in accommodating the employees and their religious beliefs even when the company was concerned about its image in order to avoid the litigation.

Discrimination Issues

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Conclusion

This study confirms that fact that people have based the element of religious accommodation in making different decisions especially within work environments that have seen the employers either agreeing with the employees or having a different feeling in consideration of the differences in beliefs. The employers always have the right to develop boundaries and policies in the manner in which employees dress.

However, religious and accommodation issues are likely to come in between this aspect. It is therefore essential for employers to consider the religious beliefs and practices of their employees in order to protect the rights of the workers and avoid litigation.

References

Burmeister, B. (2014). What you should know about the Employment Equity Amendment Act. Finweek, 18-20

Massengill, D., & Petersen, D. J. (2008). Job Requirements and Religious Practices: Conflict and Accommodation. Labor Law Journal, 39(7), 402-410.

Rabin-Margalioth, S. (2003). Anti-Discrimination, Accommodation and Universal Mandates–Aren’t They All the Same? Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law, 24(1), 111.

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Self Management and Self Development

Self Management
Self Management

Self Management and Self Development

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Introduction

For individuals to perform better there are things that they ought to do. According to Illand (2012, p.45), two of the fundamental things for good performance are self management and self development. These two aspects of performance are important for the purpose of ensuring that individual contribution towards the overall objective of an organization is capable of creating high level efficiency.

For better understanding of the above two aspects of an individual, the details of each one of them will be discussed in this essay. Additionally, this essay will focus on the concepts that surround each one of them. This essay will also try as much as possible to outline the theories that give more insight of self management and self development. A summary of all that surrounds self management and self development will be given in the conclusion section.

Self management

Self management refers to the taking up personal responsibility in all matters related to the behavior of an individual. In self management, it is the duty of a person to ensure that the decision to take a particular path in terms of action lies squarely on him or herself (Eicholz 2011, p.64). Self management stipulates that a person should be able to have self control when it comes to the way he or she handles personality related affairs.

For successful self management process, it is important to draw guidance from various aspects of an individual. Self management is more concerned with a person being able to understand more about oneself. It entails first being able to gather more self knowledge. With self knowledge identified, it is possible to have proper self management through inviting certain skills and aspects into the behavior of an individual.

One of the things that enhance self management is motivation. Motivation refers to the ability of a person to be able to develop interest in doing something (Nussbaum 2013, p.39). Therefore, with motivation an individual will always have a positive attention towards activities that he or she purposes to do.

Secondly, self management is usually supported positively by having self reflection. Self reflection refers to the process of looking deeply into the personality of an individual. Therefore, when a person is able to understand better about his or her personality and skills, it is always easy to have self management.

Self management is also supported by coming up with ambitious targets. Upon reflecting and knowing oneself better, an individual is supposed to set some bars that have to be hit (Merkle 2011, p. 21). These targets regarding self behavior should be set so that they offer a clear guidance towards achievement of full self management. Additionally, an individual should come up with a system for analysis and evaluation of the self management process. This is necessary for the purpose of ensuring that the process of self management does not spin out of control.

Self development

Self development refers to an individual activity where the aspects that define a person are improved consistently. Self development refers to a situation whereby an individual is able to improve on aspects of life such as the skills held, level of talent, the level of self awareness and knowledge. From self development, an individual is able to perform better each new day as a result of improving on the personal driving forces.

The importance of self development is emphasized by the fact that certain changes keep on occurring. The fact that the environment in which people operate in keep on changing calls for self development for the purpose of catching up. Additionally, work and employment situations of individuals keep on changing thus the need for individuals to embrace self development to ensure that there are no negative effects as a result of the dynamism.

An individual is supposed to ensure that the process of self development leads to positive results (Gall 2011, p. 245). This is necessary since it ensures that there is good progress that a person is experiencing. For positive effects to be experienced by a person, it is important to for a person to ensure that whatever needs to be improved is well defined. This means that the aspects that an individual wants to make better about him or herself need to be clear.

The importance of clear target for improvement lies in the fact that it is easy to make a clear self management plan and evaluate accordingly as the process continues (Reddy 2012, p.16). Additionally, for a successful self management process, it is extremely important for an individual to come up with a priority list of whatever is to be improved. The need for prioritizing what is to be improved is brought about by the fact that some aspects and skills are required first so that they may support the process of self management (Udo 2013, p. 18).

For example, the improvement of personal discipline is a priority for the purpose of supporting the improvement of others such as consistency. It is worth noting that the process of prioritizing in self development is made better through identifying what aspects or skills of an individual will be required in future. This means that efforts put on improvement should target aspects or skills of a person that will be useful in future.

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Theories supporting self management and self development

There are several theories that have content supporting self development. Developmental humanistic approach theory argues that employees should be given power through being taken for training. According to Masters and Wallace (2013, p.32), this theory argues that when the employees are given an opportunity to learn, they get to improve on some of their skills thus benefiting an organization.

Additionally, when people employees are taken through developmental processes, they feel appreciated and in return create more output for an organization. The other theory that supports self development is the human capital theory. The human capital theory argues that it is beneficial to put more resources into human resource development in an organization.

Conclusion

It is worth noting that it is only personal responsibility which is capable of moving a person to a higher level of self management and development. The consistency of the positive aspects of these personal activities should be grown every day. Every person should ensure that the skills that improve the level of self management and development are internalized for better results.

For efficient processes of self management and self development, it is necessary to have a good system for carrying out evaluation (Davis 2014, p,89). These processes should be evaluated regularly to ensure that they are within the plan. Any negative deviations identified in the process of evaluation should be controlled to ensure that the relevance of self management and self development is not lost.

The strengths identified and improved should be utilized to ensure that the performance of an individual is at a high level. Furthermore, if any weaknesses are identified, it is important to ensure that they are managed well and transformed into strengths.

References

Davis, F 2014, Personal Development In A Nutshell, Pagefree Publishing Inc

Eicholz, M 2011, Personal Development: Through Self-Awareness, Institute for Transformation Llc

Gall, MR 2011, How Internal Communication Can Contribute to Successful Personal Management, Grin Verlag

Illand, A 2012, Self-Management: Time Management, Life Management and Personal Management, Illand Business Pages

Masters, A & Wallace, H 2013, Personal Development for Life and Work, Cengage Learning

Merkle, JA 2011, Management and Ideology, University of California Press.

Nussbaum, M 2013, The Fragility of Goodness, Cambridge University Press

Reddy, RJ 2012, Personnel Management, APH Publishing.

Udo, F 2013, How to Become Extremely Successful in Business Management, Ufomadu Consulting & Publishing

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Transocean Case Study Essay Paper

Transocean
Transocean

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Transocean Case Study

1.0 Introduction

The paper will evaluate the strategic position of Transocean, a major player in global offshore drilling services in the oil and gas industry. Strategic management is a process that entails formulating and implementing main objectives as well as initiatives a company takes based on the available resources. It also takes into consideration the evaluation of external and internal environment in which the firm operates.

Founded in 1953, the company is headquartered in Houston Texas. Transocean administrative division has since shifted to Vernier, Switzerland for tax and client servicing reasons. Various models such as STEEPLE, Ansoff and Porter’s Five Forces will be used to paint the company’s strategic position when it comes to, macro-environmental review, competition, diversification strategy, market development, product development and market penetration. To wrap up, the paper will make recommendations regarding the direction the company has to take to remain sustainable.

1.1 Analysis of Transocean Limited

Transocean is a prominent global provider when it comes to offshore drilling services for energy establishments. The company owns and operates the world’s most multipurpose flotillas that concentrate on deep-sea and extremely harsh environment drilling (Deepwater.com, 2016). With a fleet of sixty-one portable offshore drilling components, the company offers powerful rigs for deepsea drilling. Transocean helps clients to establish and develop oil as well as natural gas stockpiles.

The company offers an exceptional drilling performance that is anchored in a solid experience that spans more than a half a century. Transocean shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the acronym RIG and Swiss Stock Market under the acronym RIGN.Transocean operates more than 140 offshore rigs in almost all mainmarine markets. Apart from offering drilling services offshore, the company offersdrill management services globally. Transocean operates not just the largest extreme-deepsea flotilla of drill ships global, but it is also the largest offshore fleet worldwide.

The company hires more than 20,000 employees with the technical expertise that is the envy of their business rivals(Deepwater.com, 2016). Moreover, Transocean provides management and accomplishment services for assessment and production firms regarding offshore drilling schedules. The company’s mission is to become a leading offshore drilling organisation that provides rig-based services with a global reach, by incorporating a highly dedicated workforce,state of the art machinery and ultra-modern technology, while concentrating on technically demanding environments (Transocean, 2007b)..

The company is dedicated to values that represent its focus, innovativeness, safety, trust and reliability. The company promises to surpass not just the anticipations of theclient, but employees and shareholders as well (Deepwater.com, 2016). Transocean’s strategic goals include getting aligned with its customers when it comes to supporting and ensuring delivery of clients’ business objectives.

The company conducts its operations with distinction which is characterized by safety and efficientoffshore solutions (Deepwater.com, 2016). In addition,Transocean keeps on enhancing its corporate culture and processes to optimize returns. Lastly, the company not only attracts but also nurtures and retains the industry’s best employees.

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2.0 Industry Trends

Drilling oil and gas was previously dependent on backlogs. Contract bores alter their rates based on their rig charges relative to retailing oil and gas prices. Usually, contract bores tend to wait on the day down, and speedily adjust their prices upwards depending on how the markets are performing (Redall, 2012). There has been a widespread pattern of extreme deepsea rig business with strong daily charges.

However, there has been a downward trend in mid-water rig markets. The most lucrative market lies of the Gulf of Mexico and West African coastal line, down to the south of Africa. The demand for deep-sea rigs is anticipated to remain jerky in the short-term(Helman, 2015).As of now, approximately 206 floaters are operating under contract across the industry (Deepwater.com, 2016).A large percentage of the total number is idle for completing major contracts.

3.0 Analysis the different types of strategic options

3.1Ansoff Matrix:

    Existing Markets    Market Penetration      Product Development  
    New Markets  Market Development      Diversification    

Existing Products
New Products

Transocean is a dominant player in a market that is not highly saturated. However, to remain at an edge over its closest business rivals, the company has adopted different approaches. Based on the Ansoff matrix, Transocean has been using a low pricing model to penetrate the market. When it comes to market development, Transocean has been offering ultra-deepsea drilling and management services in various parts of the world. What makes the company the envy of its business rivals is the fact that Transocean’s product development strategy works magic. Apart from ultra-deepsea boring services, the company offers rig and deepsea drilling consultancy services which is certainly some form of diversification hence competitive edge.

In short, Transocean operates in the same market by adopting a horizontal strategy in terms of expanding the product line. Lastly, Transocean has a predominantly diversified portfolio. To diversify risks, the company has necessitated mergers and acquisitions when it comes to financial management and technical expertise. The company operates in various regions such as the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, West Africa, and Southeast Asia, Middle East and the Arctic.

3.2Porter’s Five Forces

3.2.1Competition

Transocean threat of competition is moderate to high. For example, following a merge in mid-2007 between Rig and Transocean’s chief rival Global Sante Fe, this attempt reduced competition particularly, in ultra deep-water segments. While Transocean has almost a monopoly in ultra deep-water drilling, It is likely to enjoy less competition in ultra deep-water, especially in harsh climates that require technical personnel.

In fact, this contributed to the need for anti-trust lawsuit following the merger between RIG and GSF. Nonetheless, the firm has exposure to different offshore markets such as jackupsegment that is associated with intense competition in various regions globally as well as pricing (Porter, 2008). By and large, the organisation has less competition in ultra deep-water segments, with a somewhat intense competition in mid-water floater and also jackup segments.

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3.2.2 New entrants

Transocean enjoys a low threat of new entrants. With respect to offshore contract drilling sector, it requires huge investment in fleet and rigs before getting inflows from gas and oil organisations (Porter, 2008). This makes nearly impossible for new firms to enter this sector.

3.2.3 Substitute

The main threat of substitute is the changing the energy source from hydrocarbon to renewable sources across the world, which is not likely in the short-run (Turner, 2007). Therefore, the threat of substitute is low.

3.2.4Purchasing power

Transocean’s purchasing power is moderate. Much as exploration and production firms have power when it comes to negotiating, especially in mid-water floaters and jackupsegments, they have sufficient ability and provision of idle rigs. In essence, the buyers are in aposition to negotiate low daily rates in the contracts while ultra deep water segments maintain stringent rates (Schlumberger, 2008).

3.2.5Suppliers’ power

The supplier power is moderate. Transocean providers have some degree of power. For instance, suppliers like National Oilwell Varco take part in the decision making in constructing Transocean’srigs andother essential parts. Luckily, this is crucial for Transocean since National Oilwell Varco has a few plans of increasing the fleet of drillships. In general, benefits from pricing since they are the main clients to themajority of their specialised providers (Porter, 2008).

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3.3 STEEPLE

3.3.1 Social

The organisation takes part in various social activities, including charitable contributions to developing environmental initiatives to increase its reputation.

3.3.2 Technological

Technology is necessaryfor drilling sector as such Transocean gets its strength in technological development. While oil drilling and the ecology are related, so is technology and demand. Drilling in deepwater is more and more vital from drilling organisations since they are considered to be more profitable. The firm is positioning itself to capitalize in this segment. For instance, in 2007, Transocean acquired a drillship worth USD 470m to take advantage of deep-water drilling, which allows the firm to drill up to ten thousand feet.

Due to advanced underwater drilling, there has been a decrease in jackup rigs demand (Associated Press, 2007). This presentsTransoceanwith the opportunity to beat their rivals like Noble Corporation in the struggle for innovation. Currently, the firm is leading in deep-water exploration (Katsaros & Christy, 2005).

3.3.3 Economic

Cost is a major challenge for drilling organisations. As oil price rises, the cash flow increases too, which makes organisationsinvest considerably in drilling activities? Furthermore, the new techniques of recovering oil though they are essential in the growth of petroleum production, are leading to an increase in the gasoline price. Implicitly, thehigh price of oilis required to make drilling firms profitable. High global investment drives drilling.

With great interest to drill in foreign regions, global investors are significantly investing, hence leading to expansionof oil and gas sector (Maksoud, 2007).Even though raising oil cost will adversely influence Transocean, in reality, will be beneficial in the long run. Oil cost is inelastic. In other words, afluctuation will insignificantly affect demand. Therefore, increasing oil prices willboost cash flow for Transocean, which means additional business like funding new drilling projects.

3.4.4 Environmental

On environmental protection, Transocean is committed to enhancing its stringent police on Environmentalmanagement system (EMS). Transocean’s EMS visitation is conducting its operations in a standardised manner that fulfills the high levels of stipulated laws to drive continuous enhancements while instilling ownership across its facilities (Transocean, 2007a). The organisation is environmentally sustainable by way of using green products and assessment is utilized as part of routine operations.

The firm also focuses on recycling. Additionally, Transocean has set up a recycling plan, where recyclables are sorted and compressed in rigs. After compression, they are transported to Tech Oil Products and donated to a recycling hub in the ARC of Iberia.

Transocean has collaborated with different oil and gas firms such as Subsea 7, and BP in the SERPENT project. Thisentails necessitating access to the installations, in partnership with their customers to present scientific knowledge to experts in the SERPENT project (Dictionary.Cambridge 2012). In turn, the analysts conduct various projects including assessing biodiversity and effects of drilling on the environment.

The analysts also work on the company’s rigs to study marine species (Transocean, 2007a). By and large, Transocean protects the environment in which it operates to demonstrate that the company recognises the consequences of natural demand shifters.

3.4.5 Political/Legal

Oil presents this organisation with a strong political force. Because oil is the primary source of energy internationally, thus, the supply of oil is related to power regardingpolitics; oil firms leverage authority over regimes (Dictionary.Cambridge 2012). With no oil organisations, United States is likely to lose its dominance in developing nations remarkably. Though oil drilling firms are fundamental in giving regimes the authority, they are still regulated and work as per government laws, such as prohibiting drilling in particular regions like the Gulf of Mexico to protect the environment.

In 2007, the Congress was promoting the closure of a quarter-century ban on the production of offshore energy. This decree banned 85 percent of all drilling in United States’ continental shelf, greatly affecting oil drilling firms including Transocean (Kamalick, 2007). Furthermore, the Congress were supporting the opening of additional shorelines, which was associated with renewable sources of energy, as such they sought for support from environmentalists. While regimes exercise their authority on oil and gas providers, these providers, in turn, have authority over the very regimes.

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3.4.6Ethical Standards

Transocean aspires to ensure financial discipline in their disclosure, honesty and candor in all their engagements with clients, ahigh esteem for employees, customers and suppliers, the safety of employees, property and the ecosystem and technical leadership. Loyalty to these core values demands the company to execute its operations in tandem with thelaw and the utmost standards of business ethics.

In advancing that objective, the company embraces the Code of Business Conduct and Morality, the firm’s environment is also a corrupt free zone and an Anti-Corruption and Business Conduct Policy takes care of that. Again, directors and employees are not allowed to enhance the culture of inside trading. Nonetheless, all employees should adhere to the privacy policy.

4.0 Recommendations

Since oil is directly associated with international authority, oil drilling organisations have authority over regimes, nevertheless, with another alternative, Transocean should continuously go this direction to maintain the lead if the primary source changes

Much as the company has advanced drillship tools, it should take a notch higher by researching new products in comparison to its rivals.When it comes to maintaining competitiveness in oil and gas industry, Transocean should use differentiation strategy that will be vital in developing clients’feedback and service delivery. The differentiation strategy should focus on quality rigs, particularlydeep-water drilling and ability to survive environmental disasters such as hurricanes.

While this threat of substitute islow, in future it may reduce the demand for oil. For that reason, Transocean should create awareness among clients about the benefits of oil in comparison to other energy sources. This can be carried out through advertisements. For instance, the organisation should use ads that demonstrate even with the use of alternative sources such as ethanol, which is considered environmentally sustainable compared to oil. Ethanol requires aconsiderable quantity of biomass. In the even that US, ethanol from corn is employed on a large scale, then it will contribute to increased costs of corn.

The prices of beef will also skyrocket remarkably as cows feed on corn products. On the other hand, if Brazilian corn is used thatis produced from sugar; rainforests in the region will be cut to provide land to grow sugar. Creating awareness through ads will help Transocean increase the demand for oil while increasing the demand for petroleum products from the company.

The company should embrace Ansoff model to diversify its portfolio. Instead of concentrating on drilling and consultancy, the company can take a leap of faith and venture in other business like marine transport, finance, healthcare, real-estate, heavy metal processing among others. Diversification is critical because it will help the company spread risks, when oil business is at its low.

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5.0 Conclusion

The study set out to evaluate Transocean position in the offshore drilling services. The company’s background, values and strategic goals were highlighted at the outset. To understand the company’s product and market development; market penetration and diversification, the Ansoff Matrix was used. The Porter’s Five Forces were employed to establish the intensity of the competition. However, STEEPLE model was used to evaluating the company macro-environment. In the end, the paper touched on the best practices as assured by ethics codes. Recommendations were made regarding the corporation’s future. 

6.0 Bibliography

Associated Press 2007. JP Morgan Securities analyst upgrades GlobalSantaFe, Transocean to “neutral.” Retrieved 17th March. 2016 from Factiva.

Berman, A. 2007. Drilling advances. World Oil, 19. Retrieved March 17, 2016 from Business Source Premier Database

Deep Sea Drilling Project 2015.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2015. Encyclopedia.com. 17 Mar. 2016 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Dictionary.Cambridge 2012. PESTLE analysis. [online] Available at: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionar0y/business-english/pestle-analysis?q=pestle+analysis [Accessed: 6th august 2012].

Helman, C, 2015. Forbes.com, Retrieved March 17, 2016 from http://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2015/03/16/oil-layoffs-itemized-75000-andcounting/

Deepwater.com, 2016. Deepwater.com accessed on 18th March. 2016 at <http://www.deepwater.com/>

Katsaros, J.&Christy, P. 2005. Getting It Right the First Time: How Innovative Companies Anticipate Demand. Westport, CT: Praeger

Kamalick, J. 2007. Untitled. Chemical Business Americas, p. 26. Retrieved March 17, 2016

Maksoud, J. 2007. International investment pours into Africa. Pipeline and Gas Journal,pp. 42-44.

Porter, M. 2008. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 15 January 2011.

Redall, B, 2012. Reuters.com, Retrieved March 17, 2016 from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-fieldservices-powerstruggleidUSBRE8AC05S20121113#y2LttEqUfwzf4Kja.97

Schlumberger 2008. Day rate. Oilfield Glossary. Retrieved March 17, 2016 from http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=day%20rate

Transocean, Inc. 2007a. Responsibility. Retrieved March 17, 2016 from www.deepwater.com

Transocean, Inc. 2007b. Our company. Retrieved March 17, 2016 from www.deepwater.com.

Turner, H. (2007). Conversation about Transocean and alternative fuels.

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Self Development and Self Management

Self Development
Self Development

Self Development and Self Management

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Introduction

For individuals to perform better there are things that they ought to do.  According to Illand (2012, p.45), two of the fundamental things for good performance are self management and self development. These two aspects of performance are important for the purpose of ensuring that individual contribution towards the overall objective of an organization is capable of creating high level efficiency.

For better understanding of the above two aspects of an individual, the details of each one of them will be discussed in this essay. Additionally, this essay will focus on the concepts that surround each one of them. This essay will also try as much as possible to outline the theories that give more insight of self management and self development. A summary of all that surrounds self management and self development will be given in the conclusion section.

Self management

Self management refers to the taking up personal responsibility in all matters related to the behavior of an individual. In self management, it is the duty of a person to ensure that the decision to take a particular path in terms of action lies squarely on him or herself (Eicholz 2011, p.64). Self management stipulates that a person should be able to have self control when it comes to the way he or she handles personality related affairs.

For successful self management process, it is important to draw guidance from various aspects of an individual. Self management is more concerned with a person being able to understand more about oneself. It entails first being able to gather more self knowledge. With self knowledge identified, it is possible to have proper self management through inviting certain skills and aspects into the behavior of an individual.

One of the things that enhance self management is motivation. Motivation refers to the ability of a person to be able to develop interest in doing something (Nussbaum 2013, p.39). Therefore, with motivation an individual will always have a positive attention towards activities that he or she purposes to do.

Secondly, self management is usually supported positively by having self reflection. Self reflection refers to the process of looking deeply into the personality of an individual. Therefore, when a person is able to understand better about his or her personality and skills, it is always easy to have self management.

Self management is also supported by coming up with ambitious targets. Upon reflecting and knowing oneself better, an individual is supposed to set some bars that have to be hit (Merkle 2011, p. 21). These targets regarding self behavior should be set so that they offer a clear guidance towards achievement of full self management. Additionally, an individual should come up with a system for analysis and evaluation of the self management process. This is necessary for the purpose of ensuring that the process of self management does not spin out of control.

Self development

Self development refers to an individual activity where the aspects that define a person are improved consistently. Self development refers to a situation whereby an individual is able to improve on aspects of life such as the skills held, level of talent, the level of self awareness and knowledge. From self development, an individual is able to perform better each new day as a result of improving on the personal driving forces.

The importance of self development is emphasized by the fact that certain changes keep on occurring. The fact that the environment in which people operate in keep on changing calls for self development for the purpose of catching up. Additionally, work and employment situations of individuals keep on changing thus the need for individuals to embrace self development to ensure that there are no negative effects as a result of the dynamism.

An individual is supposed to ensure that the process of self development leads to positive results (Gall 2011, p. 245). This is necessary since it ensures that there is good progress that a person is experiencing. For positive effects to be experienced by a person, it is important to for a person to ensure that whatever needs to be improved is well defined. This means that the aspects that an individual wants to make better about him or herself need to be clear.

The importance of clear target for improvement lies in the fact that it is easy to make a clear self management plan and evaluate accordingly as the process continues (Reddy 2012, p.16). Additionally, for a successful self management process, it is extremely important for an individual to come up with a priority list of whatever is to be improved. The need for prioritizing what is to be improved is brought about by the fact that some aspects and skills are required first so that they may support the process of self management (Udo 2013, p. 18).

For example, the improvement of personal discipline is a priority for the purpose of supporting the improvement of others such as consistency. It is worth noting that the process of prioritizing in self development is made better through identifying what aspects or skills of an individual will be required in future. This means that efforts put on improvement should target aspects or skills of a person that will be useful in future.

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Theories supporting self management and self development

There are several theories that have content supporting self development. Developmental humanistic approach theory argues that employees should be given power through being taken for training. According to Masters and Wallace (2013, p.32), this theory argues that when the employees are given an opportunity to learn, they get to improve on some of their skills thus benefiting an organization.

Additionally, when people employees are taken through developmental processes, they feel appreciated and in return create more output for an organization. The other theory that supports self development is the human capital theory. The human capital theory argues that it is beneficial to put more resources into human resource development in an organization.

Conclusion

It is worth noting that it is only personal responsibility which is capable of moving a person to a higher level of self management and development. The consistency of the positive aspects of these personal activities should be grown every day. Every person should ensure that the skills that improve the level of self management and development are internalized for better results.

For efficient processes of self management and self development, it is necessary to have a good system for carrying out evaluation (Davis 2014, p,89). These processes should be evaluated regularly to ensure that they are within the plan. Any negative deviations identified in the process of evaluation should be controlled to ensure that the relevance of self management and self development is not lost.

The strengths identified and improved should be utilized to ensure that the performance of an individual is at a high level. Furthermore, if any weaknesses are identified, it is important to ensure that they are managed well and transformed into strengths.

References

Davis, F 2014, Personal Development In A Nutshell, Pagefree Publishing Inc

Eicholz, M 2011, Personal Development: Through Self-Awareness, Institute for Transformation Llc

Gall, MR 2011, How Internal Communication Can Contribute to Successful Personal Management, Grin Verlag

Illand, A 2012, Self-Management: Time Management, Life Management and Personal Management, Illand Business Pages

Masters, A & Wallace, H 2013, Personal Development for Life and Work, Cengage Learning

Merkle, JA 2011, Management and Ideology, University of California Press.

Nussbaum, M 2013, The Fragility of Goodness, Cambridge University Press

Reddy, RJ 2012, Personnel Management, APH Publishing.

Udo, F 2013, How to Become Extremely Successful in Business Management, Ufomadu Consulting & Publishing

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Marriage: Observation and modelling

Marriage: Observation and modelling
Marriage: Observation and modelling

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Marriage

Observation and modelling

Abstract

This paper describes the observations and models of marriage which were part of the assignment. In total, there are 3 models:Model 1: Women are more eager for love; Model 2: Men are the support of the families, so they spend more time on studying and working than searching for love; and Model 3: Women are fond of children, so they want to have children after marriage. Three experiments were carried out. The findings of the experiments effectively support the three models.

Observation and models

Models

Model 1: Women are more eager for love. Generally speaking, women appear to be more eager for love as depicted in many films, novels and stories. They can suddenly fall in love with someone after the first meet.

Model 2: Men are expected to support their families, so they spend more time on studying and working than searching for love. Men regard career or job as the most crucial thing after graduation. They need to make money and support their family, so they have to work hard before getting married.

Model 3: Women really like children, so they want to have their children after marriage. They want to become a mother. Usually, women are playing the role of taking care of children in most families since they are compassionate.

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Experiments

Experiment 1: After graduation, women prefer to get married to men who are older.

Dependent variable: Older men. For a marriage to take place, the man must be older than the woman.

Independent variable: Marriage. Marriage has to take place after graduation.

Outcome

1. Women are sensitive to the age of men since they are considered to age more than men. A woman wants to look younger than the man she marries hence will look for a man that is older to get married to.

2. Since women want to get married after graduation more than their male counterparts, they have to seek older men, or they will wait for long before getting married.

Implications 3: Men have less to worry about in the sense of marriage since giving birth and taking care of children is mostly left to women. Men are just supposed to provide financially and are therefore not eager to get married before they get stable income.

4. Men have more responsibility to take care of and mostly prefer younger women. Since they have to marry women that have already graduated, they need first to concentrate on their job as they wait for the younger women to graduate.

The experiment supports model two.

Experiment 2: Marriage does not require a person to be financially stable.

Dependent variable: Marriage

Independent variable: Financial stability

To make the variables work, men and women must be eager for marriage after graduation.

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Implications:

1. Women will fall in love with a man even if he does not have money since they just want to be loved hence they can get married without being financially stable.

 2. There are a lot of responsibilities that arise after marriage and men are the ones looked upon to meet these responsibilities. Though there is love, a man has to consider having finances right before marriage.

3. Children are part of the family and to bring out children requires finances. It is, therefore, proper that financial stability is established first before getting married.

The experiment supports model one.    

Experiment 3: Men and Women get married to get children

Dependent variable: Children

Independent variable: Marriage

Outcomes:

1. Love and financial stability do not have to exist for children to be born. A man and a woman can just get married and have children.

2. There are expenses that must be incurred for the pregnancy and the whole process of giving birth.

The experiment supports model three.

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Findings and results

Model 1: Women are more eager for love.

The results that would be needed to support this model are that women generally look for love in men – a woman just wants to be loved by her man – and secondly, a woman can easily fall in love with any man even if they have only met once. The other needed result is that a woman would fall in love with a man even if that man is not really financially stable primarily because the woman only wants to be loved by the man and she is not interested in his money.

In general, women seek love in a relationship. It is worth mentioning that love is essentially the confirmation which a woman requires to have in order to have some guarantee that the man is going to stick around and assist her to bring up the children (Allen, 2015). A woman wants to be shown love by her man for instance by the man saying that he loves her. Women need and want to hear the phrase I love you from her husband often.

However, words alone are not adequate and women want men to also find other ways of expressing their love, for instance by sending them flowers and telling them how pretty they look (Solomon, 2012). Moreover, women express their love in terms of surrender; that is trust. A wife empowers her husband by believing in her husband and accepting his leadership. A woman exchanges power for love. She wants her husband’s love to posses her (Makow, 2015).

The results that would contract or fail to support this model are that women do not seek, need or want love, and that a woman can get into marriage where there is no love; that is, where she and her husband do not love each other. The data supported the model.

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Model 2: Men are expected to support their families financially, so they spend more time on studying and working than searching for love.

The results that would be needed to support this model are that in men, the most important thing after graduating from college or university is to get a good job and become financially stable and even purchase a house before considering having a wife and children. The other result is that men want to achieve financial stability first before getting married.

Another important result is that men understand that marriage has a lot of responsibilities and costs such as costs associated with paying hospital bills when the wife gives birth, bringing up children, and providing the general needs of the family such as food, shelter and clothing. Therefore, a man needs to be financially stable in order to take care of these financial needs as they arise during marriage and that is why men tend to wait for financial stability before getting married. 

On the whole, men tend to wait for a longer period of time than women before getting married. On average, men wait until they reach 27 years old before marrying whereas women wait on average until they reach 25 years (Dilworth, 2014). Men who get married later tend to be not just more emotionally mature, but also more economically stable.

Men consider marriage as the last step in a long process of growing up and wish to wait until they get older before having children when they are financially stable, and perhaps have a house before marrying. Dye (2014) stated that there a number of reasons why men delay getting married: nowadays, men can easily get sex without getting married; men wish to avoid divorce along with its fiscal risks.

Other reasons are that men face few social pressures to get married; want to possess a house prior to getting a wife; by cohabiting instead of marrying, they are able to enjoy the benefits of a wife; wait for the perfect soul mate; and would like to until they are older before having children (Pease & Pease, 2011).    

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The results that would contradict or fail to support this Model 2 are that men want to get married as soon as they leave college and have children, and that men do not consider being financially stable essential prior to getting married. The data obtained actually supported this model.

Model 3: Women are fond of children, so they want to have children after marriage.

The results that would need to be found to support the model are that neither financial stability nor love is necessary for a couple to have a child. Even if a man and woman do not love each other and even if they are not financially stable, they can still get married and have a child or children. Most women want to get married in order to have children: the point of marriage is basically to have a child or children.

In essence, marriage establishes an environment properly suited to having children (Grewal & Urschel, 2014). In addition, the society expects a married woman to have a child or children. Even so, some couples choose to get married for companionship and love, or just to spend life together.

The results that would contradict or fail to support this model are that for a man and a woman to get married and have children, first they must be financially stable. The other result is that before having a child, the couple must be in love with each other. The obtained data from the experiment supported this model.

References

Allen, T. (2015). What’s the point of being married if you don’t want children? Boston, MA: SAGE publishers

Dilworth, K. (2014). First comes financial stability, then comes marriage, say young adults. Retrieved from http://blogs.creditcards.com/2014/09/young-delay-marriage-until-financially-stable.php

Dye, L. (2014). Why are more men waiting to marry? ABC News. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=97920&page=1 

Grewal, R. P., & Urschel, J. D. (2014). Why Women Want Children: A Study During Phases of Parenthood. Journal Of Social Psychology, 134(4), 453-455.

Makow, H. (2011). Possession is part of marriage. Retrieved from http://www.henrymakow.com/theres_a_place_for_possession.html

March, J. G., & Lave, C. A. (1993). An introduction to models in the social sciences. Crescent City, CA: University Press of America.

Pease, B., & Pease, A. (2011). Why Men Want Sex and Women Need Love : Unravelling the Simple Truth. New York, NY: Harmony.

Solomon, E. (2012). Why men want sex and women want love. New York City, NY: Prentice Hall.

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Human Resource Succession Planning

Succession Planning
Succession Planning

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Human Resource Succession Planning

Human Resources Planning and Employee Relations

This paper explains why it is important for the human resources (HR) department in the healthcare organization to maintain objective and accurate records of staffs, and illustrates examples of formal and informal documentation.

Moreover, this paper describes the most important factor which ensures a proper legal termination of a worker and analyzes 2 main challenges faced by healthcare leaders today as they try to sustain the ethics of caring, justice and critique. Additionally, unionization is described from the viewpoint of the organization’s management as well as from the staff’s view on succession planning.

Importance of maintaining objective and accurate employee records

It is important to maintain objective and correct records of employees because it could protect the employer from possible court cases, penalties and fines. In essence, objective and accurate employee records will justify employment actions from selection to recruitment to termination of employment or retirement. It also supports HR objectives for instance promoting from within and succession planning (Jones, 2015).

When the employment of a worker comes to an end, employee records are vitally significant. If the company terminates a worker, documentation would provide justification for that decision. Employee dismissal pertaining to gross misconduct, policy infringements, and substandard performance require employee records to support the involuntary termination (Sims, 2014).

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Moreover, with accurate and objective employee records, it is possible for the employer to track employee wages, merit year-end bonuses, pay increases, as well as voluntary and mandatory deductions. As such, employee records are a vital aspect of an organization’s benefits and compensation structure. Furthermore, employee records facilitate decision making relating to promotion, transfer, redeployment and demotion.

It also allows the employer to comply with state laws and furnish information that relate to salaries, wages, employee turnover, absenteeism and accidents to government agencies (Jones, 2015). The consequences which might result from the lack of record keeping include litigation for not complying with the relevant state laws and regulations. Secondly, without employee records, the employer would lack justification for employee termination, promotion, demotion or pay rise/deduction (Lawler, 2011).

Formal and informal documentation in an employee file

An example of formal documentation that would be kept inside an employee file include resume, job application, employment contract or job offer letter, resume cover letter, benefits and compensation, job analysis records, records from formal counselling sessions, disciplinary action reports, employee self-assessments, copies of employee development plans or performance appraisal used, complaints from workmates or clients, commendations, and employee resignation letter.

Other vital documentation include the title of the staff member, job description and classification, attendances and leave-of-absence notices, demotion and/or promotion details, training as well disciplinary notices (Wolf, 2015). Maintaining formal documentation inside the personal file of an employee would protect the employer in that the employer would require a certain document in justifying decisions if an employee sued the employer. For instance, the employer may have to present the document in a court of law.  

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An example of informal documentation that would be kept inside an employee file includes details of any informal discussions with the employee about job performance or company policy. Instances in which the supervisor or human resources manager informally reminds the employee of company policies should be jotted down. The HR manager might find it really hard to recall the informal reminders as well as comments which prelude punitive action if he or she did not make notes at the time.

Rumours overheard or brought to the attention of the human resources manager must be jotted down, especially in the case of sexual harassment for which the employer is expected to investigate every rumour and complaint, in spite of how slight (Lawler, 2011). This would protect the employer in that they may serve as potential crucial evidence.

Most significant factor that will ensure effective legal termination

Termination of an employee refers to releasing of a worker against that worker’s will. The most important factor which would ensure an effective legal termination is having proper justification for the termination and this applies to both contract and at-will employees. For instance, an employee can be terminated for misusing or stealing trade secrets even if the employee was promised job security.

Moreover, an employee could be terminated during downsizing if there is documentation proving the employee’s poor performance. This documentation would provide proper justification for the termination decision (Smith, Boroski & Davis, 2012). In a downsizing situation, the most possible way that staff members could protect themselves from termination is to have an employment contract.

While workers hired under the at-will doctrine could be dismissed by the employer at any time and for whichever reason including downsizing, workers hired under a contract employment cannot be dismissed or terminated in that manner in a situation of downsizing. For contract employees, the terms of termination are specified within the employment contract and the employer’s failure to comply with the terms of the employment contract could result in a violation of contract claim or claim of wrongful against the employer (Smith, Boroski & Davis, 2012).

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Challenges faced by health care leaders

In upholding the ethics of caring, justice and critique, two main challenges faced by healthcare leaders include the following: first is ignoring ethics, and with this challenge, the leader runs the risk of organizational and personal liability in the more and more tough legal environment of today (Jones, 2015). The other challenge is balancing the needs for ethics with the needs of the healthcare organization and of healthcare personnel in the hospital.

Smith, Boroski and Davis (2012) pointed out that sometimes healthcare leaders find themselves in situations in which they feel compelled to compromise their professional ethics standards in order to meet the needs to the organization especially when the two are in conflict. Managers in healthcare organizations could balance the need for ethics with organizational and employee needs by providing proper leadership and instituting systems which facilitate ethical conduct within the healthcare organization.

Healthcare leaders should recognize their role in shaping ethics in the organization and take this chance to establish a climate which could strengthen the reputations and relationships upon which the success of their organizations are dependent (Berman-Gorvine, 2014).

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Outline of an effective succession planning process

The following is an outline of a succession planning process which would help in ensuring a smooth transition as management team members at the hospital start retiring. How to identity employees for advancement: in identifying staffs for advancement, the employer should consider whether or not the employee possesses the necessary mindset and aptitude to meet the longer term goals of the organization. The company should also look for exceptional staff members and ensure that the individual is actually motivated to assume the top job or for advancement (Sims, 2014).

Training and development programs: employee development needs should be identified. The organization should particular use individualized development plans which are focused on the exact needs of every worker. Other than the simple essentials of training and development, more advanced employee development should include action learning, special assignments, as well as executive coaching programs (Wolf, 2015).

The employer should use a combination of training and developing the current employees and external recruitment. Training strategies should be in alignment with the performance aspects as well as career ladder to achieve attainment needed for employee success. In essence, the organization should develop career paths for staffs which would facilitate the capacity of the company to hire and sustain top-performing workers.

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Mentorships: mentoring is a vital development tool for purposes of succession planning. To the protégé, mentoring is beneficial as it provides him or her with opportunities for learning, growing and advancing his/her career. Mentors offer insight and advice into the company. Mentoring is helpful in facilitating knowledge transfer and helps to groom leaders of the future.

Timeline for preparing leaders for their role: succession planning is often for two to five years or two to seven years period for an individual employee although it is a constant exercise for a company (Berman-Gorvine, 2014). As such, the organization should prepare potential leaders for their role continuously, but an individual employee can be prepared for a period of between 2-5 years or 2-7 years.

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Unionization

From the employee’s perspective, unionization is important as it helps to protect their interests. Individually, a worker cannot do much to fight the employer’s abuse or alter the employer’s policies, but they can do this when they are in a labour union. Employers do not like this challenge to their authority (Lawler, 2011).

Employees prefer to join trade unions since unionization helps to increase the pay of unionized workers including their wages, compensation, benefits and salaries. Moreover, unionization allows employees to get generous health benefits from their employers than employees who are not unionized.

From the management’s perspective, unionization is not good at all. The management hates unionization particularly because labour unions force an employer to have less control. By unionizing, employees are able to gain power, organize, and limit the employer’s flexibility as well as the rules imposed by the employer.

In addition, the management do not like unionization as this can restrict the employer from dismissing an employee, even an employee who performs poorly (Jones, 2015). In addition, employers hate unionization since unions could compel the employer to execute policies which the employer considers as disadvantageous and harmful to the firm, for example labour unions can engage in collective bargaining.

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How HR can continue being a strategic partner in helping achieve organizational goals

Human resources department can continue to be a strategic partner in helping to accomplish the objectives of the company by ensuring that there is a direct link between the services, programs, procedures and policies they offer and the overall objectives of the organization. If there are no deliberate and clear connections, the human resource department would simply be a cost centre that is unappreciated and undervalued (Lawler, 2011).

Strategic human resources management (SHRM), by acting as a strategic partner, means that the HR department goes beyond administrative tasks like payroll processing. In essence, the HR professionals in the organization think more deeply and broadly, regarding the way that members of staff contribute to the success of the organization.  

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Conclusion

To sum up, it is vital to maintain objective and truthful records of staffs since it could protect the employer from possible court cases, penalties and fines. Formal documentation kept inside an employee file may resume, job application, title, compensation and benefits, and employment contract or job offer letter, and informal documentation may include any informal discussions with the employee as regards job performance or company policy. The most significant factor which would ensure an effective legal termination is having good justification for the termination.

                                                                  References      

Berman-Gorvine, M. (2014). Succession Planning Requires Forethought, Sensitivity. HR Focus, 91(6), 3-5.

Jones, K. (2015). HR Evolution: From Resolution to Revolution … and Beyond. Workforce Solutions Review, 6(5), 43-44.

Lawler, E. E. (2011). Celebrating 50 Years: HR: Time for a reset?. Human Resource Management, 50(2), 171-173. doi:10.1002/hrm.20420

Sims, D. M. (2014). 5 ways to increase success in Succession Planning. TD: Talent Development, 68(8), 60-65.

Smith, B. J., Boroski, J. W., & Davis, G. E. (2012). Human Resource Planning. Human Resource Management, 31(1/2), 81-93.

Wolf, S. E. (2015). How to Best Conduct CEO Succession Planning. (Cover story). Corporate Governance Advisor, 23(5), 1-4.

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