When it comes to the desktop, Amazon is the best dealer in computing hardware because the benefits seem compelling. To start with, Amazon’s desktops are;
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Centralized and simplified management
In Amazon, software updates are disseminated in a centralized way, this is because IT does not need to control individual implementation of every computer. In addition, implementation can take place from a central management console. Updates not only occur on desktops but also mobile applications. Centralized server infrastructure offers the benefit of simple backup functionalities.
With efficient infrastructure as well as bandwidth, this technique will reduce network traffic that can occur from different desktops. Amazon also allows IT to offer a significant level of security and compliance. Servers can easily be locked and protected in a manageable way, will less threat to desktop susceptibility. For instance, the administrator can ensure that security control is centralized while reducing malware footprints, in the case of attacks. Desktops may be re-commissioned when risks emerge.
Low cost and computer hardware
On harnessing of server power not seen to users, Amazon provides the advantage of efficient utilization of a central computing ability. This minimizes the costs of buying new hardware and related software, license, and support expenses. When it comes to the total cost of desktop, monitor, printers, mouse, operating system and office suite, Amazon offers a fair deal in comparison to other two vendors namely Smart Price and OutletPc.
In term of performance, an i7 processor is more powerful than an i5, but with a memory upgrade an i5 can just perform as excellent as an i7. Again, the speeds for the Dell system are so good at 3.3 GHZ. With a 2.0 Terabyte, the computer can store millions of files. The laser printer would be the better option in comparison on inkjet printers.
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Moreover, the printer is not just compatible with the network, but it has a printing resolution of 800. It is also able to print 72 A4 size papers in one minute. When it comes to the interface, Amazon has a better offer as opposed to other dealers. It would be imprudent to acquire an operating system at $150 or $199 when you can buy the same at $99.
The minimum requirements for a monitor regarding dimension is 18 inches, at Amazon, one can get Dell UltraSharp cost-effectively that other two vendors. In the end, it will approximately $14, 180 to buy brand new desktops from Amazon which is far cheaper than buying from SmartPrice at $22,500 and OutletPc at $14, 950.46 respectively
Enhanced mobility and access
Again, Amazon desktops offer users remote accessibility using various computing tools. This is extremely accommodating characteristics for remote as well as mobile users who lack a fixed working region. With some Amazon applications, the active desktop condition may be safeguarded, allowing users to begin where they left.
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Introduction
The paper sets out to analyze the website structure of http://er.eEducause.edu. Apart from stating the purpose, it will also examine the pros and cons that come with the structure and layout in general. Subsequently, the paper will discuss important lessons learned from the article on Enterprise-Level Networking and whether or not the source is appropriate for research.
A summary description of the website’s structure, purpose, pros and cons
The usability and design of http://er.eEducause.edu are rather complex. As such, it calls for searching several pages and hyperlinks to get that exact data one intends to use. A site with the right usability should be easy to use without necessary examining some pages or hyperlinks to get what they are searching for (Clark, 2002). Again, search engine optimization is the basis for any successful website.
However, Educause.edu has not been optimized appropriately; this is a deterrent factor when it comes to search engine ranking. On the other hand, the website has various content formats such as videos, slides, pictures, and text. If well optimized, this may turn the internet site into a resourceful hub. Loading speed for the website is quite remarkable.
Enterprise-Level Networking
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The quality of videos and pictures are excellent. Nonetheless, modern information websites are mainly generated by way of social media platforms and other associated sites that enhance user interaction. The website has been integrated with youtube.com and twitter; this creates a channel to enhance information sharing. Moreover, the website has a blog that presents a platform for discussion. The capability for users to respond to the articles allows for the interaction with other users that have similar or divergent opinions (Clark, 2002).
Articles are clustered in a category format; this allows for quick peruse. Navigation is done from the right-hand side of the website. Again, the website has a module that permits members to log into the system. For instance, end users can only make comments by becoming members. Apart from social media and blog interaction, a guest can drop an email using the contact link provided at the footer panel. In the end, the homepage layout is simple and professional.
Lessons Learned
Based on this website, it is clear that during initial adoption, the majority of IT firms concentrate on the abilities of the project. For instance, in the wireless systems, the main capability is providing internet connectivity across the organization without necessarily connecting to a wall outlet. Such capability presents various benefits to different areas; employees can access the system as well as the internet during the meeting, scholars can work from anywhere when they gather data, and students can use their laptops across the campus (Grochow, 2015).
Enterprise-Level Networking
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Besides the immediate advantages, IT workers often raise the likelihood of unique benefit, which is wireless networks can minimize or eliminate the importance of wired systems, hence decrease the cost of infrastructure. Furthermore, several new wireless tools would require additional bandwidth; something wired networks will need to comply with. Another aspect to put into consideration is the newness of wireless systems and the relevance to replace the whole infrastructure in the long run.
This website is useful because it demonstrates the need for installing new infrastructures while maintaining old ones or adopting new technology and learning that the new editions supersede it. Therefore, whereas one can expect different benefits from new infrastructure, there is often a risk that such benefits may not be attained. A thorough risk assessment will search for the effects of estimated benefits being unsuccessful and other possible risks such as consequences on a network of departments.
Allowing employee participation is a primary strategy to eliminate surprises while showing that risks have to be assessed comprehensively (Grochow, 2015). By and large, with a new infrastructure, risks and benefits are described with no much information to draw upon. This implies the assessment is significantly qualitative, but some aspects can be quantified. Subjective analysis can come from surveys or experiences from other organizations.
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Computer Hardware
What has been the impact of faster and cheaper computers for personal and company use?
Faster and cheaper computers have altered not just how people communicate but also how companies conduct business globally. The technological revolution has been advancing at a rate beyond the scale of human comprehension. In our modern age, cheap and faster computers and computer hardware have made it possible for companies to setup online stores where customer with computers or smart phones can buy goods and services (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).
These computers must be connected to the internet to enable this level of interaction. Companies like eBay, Yahoo, Apple and Amazon among others are the perfect example of what super-fast technology can do. With online shops, people can now buy anything online, from houses, to cars to music, through to services. Institutions of higher learning for instance, can now conduct their lessons online. While technology has also been destructive: destroying traditional businesses and obliterating jobs on the labor market, it has also made it easy for people to work from anywhere provided they have the required infrastructure.
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Computer Hardware
Computers have also made a security possible for companies and peoples. With CCTV cameras installed in companies and homes, it has become easier to deter robbery and identity theft among other things. The mobile phone has been touted as the critical most transformational technology in terms global economic development (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Poor farmers for instance, can verify not just the price for their perishable crops before harvest but also identify potential buyers.
This enhances profit margin because they have access to the best information. The mobile phone and the internet have altered the banking industry. With mobile and online banking, money can flow to people in remote places an aspect that fuels economic growth. With the mobile phone, people can now make informed decision about medical services beforehand (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Modern technology has made it possible for hi-tech companies to maximize profits times when brick and mortar companies remain closed. A case in point is iTunes which often sells millions of songs during Christmas day, a moment when brick and mortar stores are closed for the holiday.
What technological advances and benefits are driving the expansion in the use of personal computers?
There are a number of technological advancements and benefits driving the expansion in use of personal computers. Some of these developments include, increased speed of computer processors for the past 15 years, for instance, in 1998 IBM introduced experimental chips, which operate at about 1b cycles/second. Such chips are permitting higher processing ability of personal computers, and significant capacity to make non-personal computers with circuit applications.
Again, increased network speed in the recent development presents a platform of reduced transmission cost, enhanced bandwidth accessibility and greater ability of transmitting high-band width devices like video. The development of digital tools, which leads to the advances of other telecommunication technologies (Gallaugher, 2012). Moreover, advancements of wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs) in addition to routing and bridging abilities (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).
Computer Hardware
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The continuous development of routing abilities and similar protocols are increasing convergence of data and mobility. The convergence of data and mobility is increasing the internet capabilities and uses.
Development of data and internet technology: Recent technologies like ATM and frame relay have the ability to reduce per-unit price while permitting economic access to many users. Furthermore, internet devices like video streaming, e-commerce ability, sophisticated browsers are contributing to not only significant but also transforming the importance of the internet. Such varied uses strengthen technological advances by increasing the availability funding new ventures, thus provide increasing demands of users.
The discovery of mobile applications that involves switching as well as transport abilities are enhancing internet connectivity at any place and time. For instance, the mobility of internet tools allow users to communicate in anyplace around the world. Also, in collaboration with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) devices prevent users from developing costly fixed-line networks (Gallaugher, 2012). The introduction of worldwide end-user-services has contributed to considerable interoperability from users, providers and global system integrators.
Computer Hardware
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What are the limitations of faster and cheaper computers?
Traditional integrated circuits (ICs) are processed in high tech companies whose solemn obligation is to produce ICs. What makes those gadgets cheaper is the specialization in fabrication. Pundits allude that the price of one transistor is equivalent to the price of single character in a newspaper. The most powerful and efficient computer systems are those powered by miniature ICs. However, there is no technology and specialty to produce optical PC systems that are compatible to contemporary IC firms.
Current modern IC processors are developed in what is known as the very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) or ultra-large-scale-integration (ULSI) (Simon and Cavette, 1996). A square millimeter of a computer circuit for instance, has millions of transistors in a given square millimeter. On the contrary, optical components can be developed small and compact. The current technology does not support the development of micro-optic integrated circuits for assembling a CPU or motherboard. New developments will be needed in the future.
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Currently, traditional CPUs and computer parts are processes with extreme precision and in huge charges by way of composite processes. A change from the current assembly approach when it comes to the size of the chip platform to another size can generate problems. Tiny optical components have to be developed rather exactly to function appropriately (Simon and Cavette, 1996).
While this precision is not realized, slight deviations may lead to massive issues diverting light beams. Personal Computers in our modern era have been assembled based on the Von Neumann design. The interface, which is an operating system, is programmed to correspond this platform. Optical PC systems use a completely different architecture concerning the parallelism of the system. These two different architectures have application programs that are incompatible.
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Infrastructure as a Service: Case Study
With the market evolution and growing demand for service-based cloud computing infrastructure, there exists a need for reputable cloud infrastructure service providers to improvise the traditional platforms. Though there are other services provided by the magic quadrant, the paper only evaluates cloud compute infrastructure as a service provider. Cloud computing is a service that offers flexible information technology components through the use of the internet.
Cloud computing infrastructure has evolved from being offered as a physical component to a service and still ably competes with data centers and infrastructure based IT initiatives. Other elements of the service-based infrastructural market are cloud printing and cloud storage. However, cloud computing consists the largest market of the cloud Compute Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). The paper provides an evaluation of cloud computing IaaS with the vendors that are known to offer the service.
As a major component of the magic quadrant, cloud computing infrastructure as a service is an automatic and standardized component that allows computer resources to be transferred to customers by service providers on demand. The computer resources can be shared by different tenants or by a single tenant and hosted by the service provider or on customer’s premises. The service infrastructure offers user-interfaces directly to the client.
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Cloud infrastructure can be in the form of a service or a technology platform. Cloud infrastructure as a service is advantageous to the technology platform in that it offers direct services to the customer through self-service. However, there are capabilities that the technology platform offers that the service infrastructure is unable to perform on its own. Cloud computing IaaS has to use cloud-enabled system infrastructure to offer activities such as outsourcing and data-enabled hosting. Still, on its own, cloud computing IaaS is capable of providing a variety of offerings to the customer.
Gartner clients have a dire need to control IT operations. The evaluation covers the needs of the clients ranging from enterprises, retail and technology firms. The quadrant talks about the development, analysis, and production of the cloud computing IaaS internally and externally. The service hosts diverse workloads for a range of design application. Through the magic quadrant, an emphasis is given to standardized self-service and automation.
Magic Quadrants serve the different needs of customers. Customers are more interested in self-service cloud computing infrastructure. To make the service more reliable, it can still be complemented by negligible amounts of dedicated servers.
The magic quadrants offer customized services to organizations that need the service or that want to supplement their traditional hosting platform. Magic Quadrants for Managed Hosting are cloud computing service providers based in North America, Asia, and Europe. The quadrants also provide custom-made cloud computing services for outsourcing of data and utility offerings.
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The providers of IaaS are known for offering exceptionally high-quality services that have a high-performance rate. Also, the providers are always available for customer’s inquiries and support. The magic quadrant specifies unique providers that were evaluated. The providers are profiled about their strengths and weaknesses.
Characteristics of Magic Quadrant vendors include:
1. Ownership of private and public cloud services. The customers are placed on standard infrastructure and cloud-enabled tools.
2. The providers lay emphasis on hybrid IT elements but with a view on security and self-service control. Though some of the providers target start-ups, they normally lack the capabilities needed by big organizations. It, therefore, becomes important for the selected providers to provide unique offerings that allow easy access to cloud computing infrastructure.
3. Most of the vendors combine resilient support with maintenance windows for efficient service provision.
4. Providers mostly do not oversubscribe Random Access Memory resources, but those that do not assure of allocations of resources are identified and noted. However, not all providers have the same storage capability, and it is only those in the quadrant that offer alternatives for storage purposes.
5. Most of the vendors possess extra SLAs to provide extensive network services, customer services and all of the customer’s inquiries.
6. Customers define the scope of the services offered hence the infrastructural service is not automatic. For that reason, some providers specialize in offering disaster recovery in case customers want to re-instate the services. Vendors support virtual networking that is secure with the inclusion of firewall. The providers have extra security services that they offer to their customers at varying amounts depending on the customer. Self-service allows customers to bring their portals and VM image.
8. Finally, after evaluation, the vendors were found to be financially stable, offer contracts in English, sign contracts with clients and provide managed services on Iaas cloud computing.
As a student, the analysis has given an insight on evolution of technology and how traditional computing methods are being replaced with modern technology. Globalization of services and customer’s demand for technology that they can have control over has driven the invention of the Magic Quadrant. The paper provides an overview of the gap that technology is creating in the evolving world and the need for virtual technology. Before one goes for cloud computing services, it is important to analyze the providers since some vendors do not have the required tools for provision of the service.
The paper influences the aspiration for invention in virtual technology to meet the modern market demands. The high number of vendors is attributable to the market demand and therefore means that technology innovation is the new market driving force. Career in software development is not to be underrated in the new digital era.
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Technology in the Perinatal Care Setting
Health information system (HIT) plays an important role in the healthcare delivery system. Be as it may, leaders working in the healthcare system strongly support that information technology is the best strategy to promote patient safety. In the perinatal care, nurses apply the use of information technology in keeping health records, decision support systems, as well as medication safety devices that help in guiding service provisions.
The healthcare system is often complex and fragmented. There exist quite a large number of healthcare provides, a lot of models used to document and store information as well as different players involved in the system. As a result, it may lead to errors in patient care, miscommunication, increased cost as well as duplicative test. Therefore, the use of technology can help to tackle these problems effectively and efficiently (In Vlad & In Ciupa, 2014). For instance, electronic health records (EHR) can help in keeping information about patients in the perinatal care.
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Technology helps to facilitate interoperability in the perinatal care setting. Interoperability refers to the ability of a system to function as well as interact with another system within a specific background without any access or implementation barriers (IGI Global & IRMA, 2015). This is very important in the perinatal care settings, especially in the obstetric environment. The reason is that patient often changes venues for the care she progresses right from conception, pregnancy period, intrapartum, and postpartum.
Therefore, by use of health information systems enable interoperability between admission, discharge, transfer, pharmacy, critical care, laboratory, and the emergency room. Greater efficiency in accessibility of patient data: Use of technology allows faster transfer of medical history in a medical emergency when the patient changes the venue, healthcare center or even the doctor.
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Use of technology such as health information system increases work efficiency: With the ease of access to information about patients and the use of technology in the provision of perinatal care, nurses can focus on providing patient care. Nurses are also able to serve patients faster and thus improve work efficiency.
Use of health information technology also enables healthcare practitioners to have an all inclusive and up-to-date medical history. Health information technology (HIT) keeps three sets of records. These records can be grouped into, Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), Personal Health Records (PHRs), and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) which are essential for the overall health care of a patient.
Electronic Health Records are essential and can be shared with a different medical institution so as to give accurate, complete historical medical information of the client (Thomas-Brogan, 2009).
However, use of technology in the perinatal care setting has its disadvantages. First of all, it is quite expensive to acquire sophisticated health technology. This is challenging in the healthcare and organization should consider if the cost of high technology is economically viable.
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Secondly, technology in the healthcare settings requires time to adapt. This is because technology is a dynamic concept and keeps on evolving. Therefore, many at times there will be the invention of new hardware’s, software’s, upgrades and the way of doing things in the healthcare setting. Thus, the best strategy is that the hospital staff should keep abreast with such changes in technology.
Similarly, overdependence on technology may be a problem. This is because computer systems may face technical error. Such an error is crucial in an emergency setting and may result in loss of life. Therefore, Healthcare providers should keep a backup of all the information kept in the Health Information System for Emergency retrieval of data.
Finally, use of technology raises ethical and legal issues. Be as it may, patient health information should always be kept confidential. However, use of computer systems may result in unethical behaviors. For instance, people may hack health care system networks and retrieve important information concerning patient’s health information and medical health history. Therefore, it is essential to develop security measures to safeguard such information from being accessed by authorized users. This can be achieved by using different user level passwords.
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The Role of Technology in Contemporary Society
SECTION A
Question a.2
Kevin (2009) lets us know that technology is sometimes selfish as well as generous. This statement by Kevin Kelly is brought about by the fact that the use of technology can bring about various results. According to Kevin (2009), the various results that a technology gives may be positive or negative depending on what the user was aiming to achieve.
The varied results are usually brought about by the fact that technology may decide to act in a specific manner giving results which are modeled around it thus seeming selfish. On the other hand, technology may give us results that favor us thus ending up being generous.
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Question b.1
The work-life balance refers to the process of handling job and life simultaneously with satisfaction. This concept entails the ability of being able to get it right when it comes to priorities with regard to work and life. The concepts of work-life balance advocates for proper organization of work related tasks and life related affairs so that all objectives may be achieved.
In work and life balance, technology has been able to play a major role. To balance work and life, people have been able to use technology to stand in for them where they are required to do something related to work but family is the priority at a given point in time and vise verse. It is worth noting that it is a valid and important concept.
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Question c.1
Technology is playing a major role in changing the way children think. According to Taylor (2012), children are being affected by technology positively and negatively. Technology is been seen as a great influence of how the thinking of children develop. Taylor (2012) points out that the attentiveness; decisiveness and remembrance of children are often affected by technology. According to Taylor (2012), the manner and the level of technology use by children determines the effects caused to the thinking system of children.
Question d.2
The copyright laws are extremely important because they control and protect intellectual properties of people. The copyright laws are important because they encourage people to be innovative. With proper laws protecting innovative products of people, it will be encouraging for many to innovate since they would be protected too. Additionally, the copyright laws are important because they ensure that there is fair play in a given industry. The fairness is brought about by the fact that only original products borne from original ideas will be availed at all times.
Competition becomes fair since copying is made illegal. Another importance of copyright laws is that they give a clear guidance of the way enforcing should be done. This is because the copyright laws provide direction regarding the prosecution of an offender. I agree that the copyright laws are important. This is because with fairness in competition, encouragement of innovation and enforcement made possible by these laws, the world becomes a better place.
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Question e.2
Digital divide refers to the situation whereby there are challenges in finding and using information technology. The digital divide may be brought about by the lack of the information and communication technology devices or lack of the required skills. Having seen good progress in the entrance of technology in many parts of the world, the digital divide is taking a new perspective with focus being put on how much of devices and skills people have. The digital divide is important to social scientists because it gives them an opportunity to study and come up with solutions for bridging the digital gap.
Question f.1
One of the aspects of stem cell technology is that it has a broad use of embryonic cells. This has been able to court controversy from the fact that it has unethical approach. The use of fetus from terminated pregnancies is quite controversial. Secondly, the stem cell technology is known to use healthy cells for transplant. This aspect of this technology has been seen to be the cause of some mysterious disappearances of individuals to be the target of cell harvesting.
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Question g.1
The European enlightenment refers to the transition of the European society from old way of doing things to an approach which has voice of reason (Gillispie, 2013). The European enlightenment period refers to the duration when the European region was meeting the modern way of doing things.
Technology is one aspect of the world that was impacted positively by the European enlightenment. The enlightenment brought about new ideas regarding technology. Additionally, technology oriented research was also carried out thus giving technology an opportunity to grow.
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SECTION B
Question 1
The United States Office of Technological Assessment was mandated to handle matters touching on new technology and its impact for the purpose of facilitating congress in policy making. OTA was structured to give the congress an opportunity to obtain and understand technology related information in advance, holding a non-partisan position.
According to Rodmeyer (2005), OTA was dismantled following accusations that it was not necessary because it allegedly repeated functions of other business agencies. Rodemeyer does not approve the dismantling of the Office of Technological Assessment. His disapproval is brought about by his opinion that the congress lacks technological knowhow and OTA was offering reports without bias. According to Rodemeyer (2005), technological assessment has a dilemma based on independence of the officers.
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Question 2
Gordon (2013) argues that the economy of America is slowing down. According to Gordon (2013), the reasons causing the slow growth of the American economy include;
Increasing inequality- The lack of equity experienced by the American population has led to poor economic cooperation thus slowing down the economy.
Dull education system-The American education system has not been able to produce competent citizens.
High levels of indebtedness of learners- The people in college have found themselves caught up in so much debt which they have to pay immediately they secure their jobs thus slowing their investment options.
High number of old people- The working American population is growing older day by day thus becoming less productive. This is being made worse by the fact that the education system is not producing productive people as before.
Poor education system has failed to push technology to higher levels, something which has ended p contributing negatively to the economic growth.
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Question 3
The argument that transformation from hunter-gatherer life to agriculture was the worst mistake in life is brought about by various arguments. The arguments in support of the hunter-gatherer life are that there was more leisure time, more sleep and less time for searching for something to eat. Additionally, the hunters and gatherers are argued to have enjoyed good diet emanating from the mixture of wild meat and fruits.
Question 4
In life, there are various forms of capital. These include social capital, human capital and cultural capital. Human capital refers to having the right people for a given task. It entails putting in place people of high competence levels. On the other hand, social capital refers to the individuals within a person’s social circle. Social capital is usually concerned with the input brought about by those within a social circle. Cultural capital refers to aspects of life that place individuals at the top of the social classes in the society. It entails having high levels of knowledge and skills among other attributes.
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Question 5
Robinson (2010) says that there is need to have a radical approach to education. Robinson (2010) argues that the thinking in education should have diversity. The diversity should be aimed at letting learners program their education towards having multi-solutions for a problem. Secondly, Robinson (2010) states that education should be planned in a way that supports industrial productivity.
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Smart Technology and Strategy
Introduction
As the global front undergoes gradual revolution based on technological advancements, companies are increasingly investing in technologies that promise to increase efficiency, lower costs and increase productivity. Smart computers, wearable devices, surveillance devices, smart sensors, GPS, voice and face recognition and smart programs are continually being adopted to enhance automation and perform tasks that would otherwise prove challenging for humans.
Notably however, there has been slow progress in adoption of smart technology among modern organizations, despite the promise of reduced costs, increased competitive advantage, efficiency in operations and increased profitability. Similarly, organizations have been hesitant in adopting business strategies that endorse smart technologies. This is an interesting observation because it would be naturally expected that companies would strive to adopt technologies that will improve their competitive position.
Research however indicates that organizations are always willing to adopt new technology. The factors surrounding adoption of such technologies, positive or negative determine whether they will adopt the technology. This paper is an analysis of issues affecting organizations in the development of business strategies endorsing smart technologies.
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Discussion
Design
The functional attributes of a smart technology are critical in promoting customer satisfaction and will certainly affect the buyers purchasing behavior (Youngmo, Mingook and Sungjoo, 2014). Perceived usefulness will be based on the technology design and for smart technologies to be effective, they must be tailored towards the user’s needs and thus designed according to the user specifications.
According to Slaten (2015), organizations must analyze the needs of the company before embarking on any smart technology investment. This way, they are able to identify a design that will best deliver the intended objective while deriving the best value from it. Ho-Chang et al (2014) notes that failure to carefully consider the objectives of the organization will lead to bad investment and the company will soon incur more expenditure in upgrading their smart technology or fail to achieve expected outcomes.
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After-sales support
Technology is highly complex and the need for professionalism in maintenance of technological devices is inevitable. After-sale support remains one of the most important aspects of a sale in acquiring smart technologies because organizations need to be assured that providers will help them solve any issues that may emerge after acquisition of the technology. It also ensures that the smart technology is professionally installed and hence avoids instances where the technology fails to serve the intended purpose.
Organizations must choose vendors that offer the best after-sales package in order to benefit fully from maintenance service. Youngmo, Mingook and Sungjoo (2014), note that after-sale service maintenance is one of the leading drivers for adoption of smart technology, because customers want to be assured that they will not need to incur additional maintenance costs.
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Organizations are however faced with a new trend in smart technology, where after-sale service is often kept to the minimum. Smart technology is a strategic move from traditional technology, and is designed in such a way that users can trouble-shoot and solve problems through what is known as ‘do-it-yourself’ (TWICE, 2015). This is especially so where technology is imported and the seller may not be in a position to deliver the products or install them personally.
In such a case, smart technologies are usually accompanied by manuals that users can read to guide them through the system in order to come up with solutions for any issues encountered (TWICE, 2015). The company may also give additional guidelines on their website for customers to follow in addressing any issues. This means that in certain smart technology devices, there is minimal after-sales service compared to traditional modes of technology. This could pose a challenge to individuals who are not technologically savvy, such that they may end up paying for services
Marketing
Marketing plays a significant role in influencing customer behavior and decisions. In this relation, the ability of the marketer to provide the needed information and convince the customer determines whether they will purchase the product (Mohr, Sengupta and Slater, 2009).The smart technology market is highly saturated and there are numerous products in the market (Porter and Heppelmann, 2014). While some promise to execute the intended objectives, there have been claims of deceptive marketing where the word ‘smart’ has been deceivingly used to take advantage of customer naivety.
As a result, a significant number of organizations have spent high amounts of money to purchase technology that does not add much value to their organization. The same amount of money could have been used to get a greater bargain and more capabilities from smart technologies. Organizations are becoming increasingly aware of such marketing tactics and therefore take more time to do market research before investing in smart technology (Porter and Heppelmann, 2014).
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Human Resource
Strategies that endorse smart technologies are highly influenced by the impact of these technologies on the organization’s human resource component. Adopting smart technologies requires a significant level of knowledge, which in most cases needs to be transferred to users before smart technology can be introduced (Shelton, 2014).
Based on a research by Avanade (2016), organizations expect significant changes in terms of skills requirement following adoption of smart technologies in order to effectively blend the technologies with humans. 61% indicated that they would require additional problem solving skills, 59% would require data analysis skills, 51% would need to improve critical thinking skills and 51% would require collaboration skills.
This would mean additional costs for training as well as more time consumed in away from work activities. Shelton (2014), notes that in order for a firm to consider a strategy that incorporates smart technology, it must ensure that all probable users of the technology have adequate knowledge and skills to operate and execute tasks using the smart technology. This not only has an impact on costs but it also requires that the company invests in a workforce that is technologically savvy and can therefore adopt easily to constant changes in technology (Mithas, et al, 2010).
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Avanade (2015) notes that one of the main issues affecting organizations in their decision to adopt smart technology is that they have not made adequate plans to address ethical workplace dilemmas. One of these is the fact that the use of smart technologies mostly involves adoption of devices and intelligent automation, such that computers can perform functions and make decisions that are technically done by humans.
This has raised ethical concerns based on the replacement of human capital by machines. Avante (2015) postulates that the adoption of smart technology has to a great extent been viewed as a threat despite being presented as a strategy that could help retain critical talent within organizations. Organizations adopting smart technologies are basically replacing the need for a workforce and this could have an impact on overall levels of unemployment (Khandelwal, 2015). Developing strategy that incorporates smart technologies is therefore an issue for organizations because they must show responsibility for their employees’ job security.
Other ethical issues include the capability of smart technology to cause embodiment, where humans become detached from the real world due to their obsession with machines or their incapability to live without them; and excessive reliance on technology to enhance conscientiousness and thus limit critical thinking and ability to make decisions.
Guthrie (2013) refers to this concept as outsourcing of conscientiousness to machines, which can easily erode our capacity to understand and accept human faults and idiosyncrasies. It has been argues that human beings will soon be enslaved by technology and be unable to perform any organizational function without the help of their smart devices. This means that they would be out rightly incapacitated and unproductive as long as machines are unavailable.
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Security
The issue of technology security has been a major issue affecting endorsement of smart technologies in business strategy. While a company would be interested in a technology that increases efficiency and makes business easier, it is more concerned about the security of such systems, including their ability to protect vital information from intruders (Howard, 2015). This comes at a time when cyber crime has become highly rampant in the technology industry, with organizations losing confidential information to hackers and unauthorized users (Wedutenko, 2015).
Smart technologies are prone to security issues and high level protection measures are required to ensure that the organization’s data is safeguarded. Whether an organization is capable of securing its data to ensure that it is not used, shared or accessed illegally is quite uncertain. Organizations that consider adoption of smart technology must consider the issue of security and how it can be enhanced before actually endorsing it in business strategy.
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Security goes beyond protecting personal data from outsiders. Michelfelder (2011) raises an ethical issue of how organizations actually make use of the information they have to conduct activities that users would be opposed to. An example is the use of CCTV, body scanners, GPS and tracking devices which are either secretly placed to monitor employees or to make secret investigations.
Facial recognition technology has also come under scrutiny, with concerns on whether individuals would actually be comfortable with their facial images being stored in databases (Michelfelder, 2011). According to Guthrie (2013), information gathered from these machines has on many occasions been shared and even sold to third party users. This further raises questions on whether people actually have any privacy in the modern world of smart technologies.
Cost implications
Smart technologies require a significant amount of investment, both in terms of acquisition and maintenance. Slaten (2015) describes the field of smart technologies as one that is constantly changing and where new versions, modifications and advancements keep emerging. This means that once a company takes on the smart technologies path, it must be ready to continuously reinvent their systems, update software and upgrade hardware to keep up with the times (Slaten, 2015).
Consequently, maintaining smart technology is a capital-intensive investment, given that companies must strive to keep up with new advancements. Unlike assets, technology is not a onetime investment and users must be ready for regular changes that require investment. Failure to update would render current systems obsolete and this to a significant extent affects the firm’s competitiveness (Mithas, et al, 2010).
Furthermore, changes are often unpredictable and organizations cannot effectively budget for future financial requirements. This is a major issue impacting development of strategies endorsing smart technologies and companies have to consider the cost implications before such undertakings can be included in strategy.
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Smart technologies also require uninterrupted Wi-Fi internet connection. There are two cost implications related to this requirement. Firstly, organizations must source for reliable internet connection from vendors, which will ensure that their devices work effectively to address organizational objectives. This has a cost implication because the most reliable wireless internet providers are also likely to be more expensive. Secondly, internet failure could lead to a significant data loss, consequently costing the company.
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Conclusion
Smart technology remains an interesting component of technology and a great consideration for modern organizations. Adoption of smart technology however requires careful scrutiny to ensure that an organization can effectively understand the issues affecting endorsement of the technology into business strategy. This explains the slow pace in smart technology adoption that has been witnessed among modern firms.
In this discussion, various issues including human resource, design, after-sale service, security, marketing and cost implications are identified. These issues often inform organizations’ decision to endorse smart technology. An organization that seeks to include smart technology in their business strategy must effectively evaluate and balance these issues to ensure that the company will benefit from such an investment.
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Youngmo, K., Mingook, L., & Sungjoo, L. (2014). Service-Oriented Factors Affecting the Adoption of Smartphones. Journal Of Technology Management & Innovation, 9(2), 98-117
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BitTorrent Sync Application
Summary
Given that private and professional internet users have rapidly become concerned with privacy and data protection the privacy that is accorded famous synchronization services of cloud files for instance Google drive, Drop box and one drive this matter has gained lots of scrutiny by the press.
Some of these services have been reported in the recent past to be sharing their information with government intelligence agencies without warrants/ BitTorrent has been observed to be an alternative by numerous people and by 2014 it already had 3 million users.
This service is totally decentralized and provides most of the same functionality and synchronization that is a replica of cloud computing services. It employs encryption in the transmission of data and alternatively for storage remotely.
The significance of comprehending BitTorrent Sync and its consequent digital investigative implications to law enforcers and forensic investigators is critical to future evaluations. Given the rise in home user bandwidth and the developments in professional and non professional computer power data volumes that are being created by computer machines are now increasing.
For users of mobile machines accessing this data has been a tall order. With rapid connectivity and increased availability and internet access the notion of resilient storage, high availability and off site back up has been moved from the domain that was mainly a preserve of large corporations and has become rapidly popular with users of computers as well as daily data consumers.
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Applications like Drop Box and Ever note control the reducing cost of hard disk storage witnessed in Storage as a Service (SaaS) providers for instance Amazon S 3. The key advantage of stemming from services like Apple iCloud, DropBox, Microsoft OneDrive, and Google Drive is the fact that their data tends to be stored in a fundamental extension of their machines with no necessity of user interaction upon installation.
It is backed up by a completely distributed data center model that is totally out of the financial reach of the ordinary consumer. This data can be accessed on various devices without necessarily reformatting partitions or wasting space through a creation of multiple copies of one file for all devices. DropBox and a number of other services have offline applications that permeate the synchronization of data to local folders to be accessed offline.
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Each of these services could be categorized as cloud synchronization services. This shows that as much as data is coordinated between user machines a copy of this data is remotely stored in the cloud. Most of this data can be freely accessed by government intelligence without a warrant. Consequently, BitTorrent Sync offers this functionality without cloud storage and is thus believed to be the best option.
Given its advantages BitTorrent Sync application is now popular with those who want to replicate and synchronize their files. By the end of 2013 it had attracted 2 million users. This work’s contribution entails a forensic evaluation of BitTorrent Sync applications for clients left remnants upon installation, its behavior, and artifacts. An evaluation of the network traffic sequence and file interactions employed as part of the process of interaction are also included.
This information can be of use to digital forensic investigators if BitTorrent Sync is installed on machines that have been subjected to investigation. It can be employed in the recovery of lost data, modifying this data or locating where it has been synchronized to.
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By knowing the operational nature of BitTorrent Sync this could assist to get the right direction during digital investigations to extra remote machines where more relevant data could be replicated. This technology is applicable in several crime investigations including, industrial espionage, malicious software distribution and sharing of child exploitation material. The crime that is being investigated is what determines if the remote machines could be owned and put under operation by one suspect or by a cohort that has a mutual goal.
The protocol is powerful because of the nature of file parts usage where each file is capable of being manipulated and controlled separately. Given that BitTorrent Sync at times tends to use a DHT in data transfers there is no leading authority that can be used to manage data authentication. Suspect files located on a system could be downloaded from several sources and uploaded to several recipients.
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Analysis
There are three unique settings that establish the resources employed in peer discovery as well as the available path for transmission of traffic. BitTorrent Sync employs such peer discovery techniques to ordinary BitTorrentprotocol. The localized peer discovery packet contains a BSYNC and a ping message type which includes the 20 byte mutual ID of the advertised share, IP address of the sender host as well as the port.
The LAN hosts that receive the packet will drop it if they have no interest in the shared ID. Hosts that show some interest show it through a UDP packet response to the advertised port. This response lacks a BSYNC header and the field of data has only the responding peer’s ID.
The three IP addresses are hosted on the EC2cloud service of Amazon. A get peers request is send to the tracker server by the client. Upon reception of this request the IP address of the client is added onto a list of available peers that are active for the specific tracker shared ID. Given that the client requests this list because of the secret possessed by it, the server’s response always has one active peer which is employed in requesting the client’s information.
Peer discovery can be done by clients through the use of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT). In this alternative peers can register their details by use of the secret word and the port. By employing this alternative users could avoid employing any kind of tracking server but they could find peer discovery as being slow in nature.
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The option of using predefined hosts is the last and undetectable technique of peer discovery. The user is capable of adding a list of IP addresses and port combinations to shared preferences. This peer’s list is likely to be directly contacted without necessarily having to look into a BSYNC packet that ahs a ping type of message. Just like peer discovery methods BTSync permeates the user to put together several alternatives that impact the manner in which data can be transferred between peers. If no options are set the seeding host makes attempts to directly communicate with the replicating target.
The forensic analyses of these utilities are problematic in nature. Unless there is a complete up to date local synchronization the data’s entire picture could reside in temporary files. Multiple data centers and volatile storage for instance the RAM of the system.
Any forensic evaluation done digitally on these systems should have particular attention on the access method. This is mainly the internet browser that connects to the access page of the service provider. This temporary access highlights the significance of real forensic methods while carrying out investigations on a suspected machine.
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If power is disconnected from the suspect’s machine investigators will lose more than access to the clients open documents and this includes authentication documents stored in the RAM such as passwords. There is an extra approach to forensics during cloud storage investigations. This entails access by use of complete client application regardless of whether it has been interfered with by the user.
Anti-forensic attempts could be applied through a deletion of synchronized folders and uninstallation of the application. If Dropbox is employed with the application of the client it creates a localized folder which synchronizes contents that are stored in it through an online duplication of the folder. Dropbox usually provides a storage space of 2GB for free but one has the alternative of buying more space.
OneDrive is meant to be an absolute online storage facility with the alternative of synchronizing copies of files to the folder of a client. Most cloud storage facilities offer a method of synchronization that involve a kind of periodic checking to establish if there are changes made to versions that are viewed at a local level. They can also be used to make a comparison of online and offline copies upon re-establishing communication.
Just like peer discovery methods, BitTorrent Sync enables users to configure several options that impact the manner in which data gets transferred from one peer to another. The seeding host makes attempts of directly communicating with the replication target. The traffic tends to be encrypted through default in case it travels out of the local LAN. There is an alternative in application preferences to enhance LAN encryption if it is preferred by the user.
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If there is a blocked communication between hosts in case they are on different networks safeguarded by firewalls or in LAN segments which are locked by inbound access managed links. When a seeder creates a share it leads to the generation of a master key. It is essentially the all access key that permeates the share owner to modify, add or remove the share contents. The only case in which the key can be distributed to another one is when it becomes a trusted collaborator. The read only key permeates the receiving user to read the synchronized data but not to modify the source contents whatsoever.
When trying to recover lost data it is possible to find that BitTorrent Sync has been installed on a machine. As a result if anti-forensic measures a number of files may not be recovered from the localized hard disk. If the secret is recovered for some share it is likely that the suspect’s secret synchronization will help forensic investigators to recover the information that is lost from all nodes in the share that are still active.
Ordinary forensic analysis of file systems tends to identify synchronized artifacts that are left behind from a certain share combined with successive data synchronization. The collected data should be stored in a digital evidence bag.
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Using the New Pokémon Go Mobile Game
Mobile gaming and technology makes users think they have seen the best possible creations until the next creations come. The Pokémon Go Mobile App released in July sixth, 2016 is an example of such games that make one realize their previous favorite game was quite mediocre. With only days in distribution, the game played on Android and Apple smartphone devices has already been downloaded by millions of players across the world The (Pokémon Company, 2016).
It is, therefore, necessary that any mobile game and video game enthusiast learns how to play this game created by the veteran video gaming company, Niantic. Therefore, the paper aims at describing the game in a simplified manner to enable gamers to play the new game.
The Pokémon game is a game that lets players from all over the world play in virtual, although real world locations like Paris, New York and places in Japan. The new game allows players to play as single gamers or many gamers, either using their smartphones or using special devices that enable controlling by vibrations called Pokémon GO Plus (Pokémon Company, 2016). The game combines simplicity of managing the complexity of battling other gamers over the Internet as one searches and fights Pokémon in their locations either alone or in teams with other gamers.
When one first plays the game, they get a chance to customize their trainer to a look that they prefer to make the game more exciting. The customized App character will appear on the screen as the play moves around the map as well as when other players visit the gym that the gamer controls (Pokémon Company, 2016). After customizing the character, one will begin playing, and as they play, they will advance in levels as they continue.
At higher levels of the game, players will have abilities to catch more Pokémon to finish their Pokédex. Gamers will also access more sophisticated items for playing at higher levels such as Great Balls that give them better chances of catching Pokémon. One can also add Pokémon in their Pokedex when they catch same Pokémon species many times, and they can also evolve one and hatch a Pokémon egg that may be found at a PokéStop.
During the game, wild Pokémon appears in places near where the player lives or around the world. For instance, in places near lakes, water type Pokémon may appear. Therefore, if the gamer is always around from home, they should be alert to catch types of Pokémon they have not seen before. Evolving Pokémon can be done by, for example, if one is having problems catching a type of Pokémon, like Poliwag in their area, they can catch the available species such as Poliwhirl and evolve them to the Poliwag.
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During the game, gamers are asked to join one of three teams. As team members, players can assign Pokémon to open gym locations in real world places. Team members will also need to coordinate to defend their gym against Pokémon attacks. Once a team is in control of a gym, the members can advance the gym level and therefore get more Pokémon to guard the Gym (Pokémon Company, 2016). Teams at higher levels will also be able to attack other gyms and take them over. By completing more challenging tasks and climbing the levels, players get more achievement medals.
To sum it up, Pokémon Go is a game like no other on the smartphone platform. The game that allows gamers to transverse both the real and virtual worlds is simple to play although with exciting tasks that get the players playing the game. The Pokémon Go is also superior to other mobile phone games as it has accessories that allow players to play without looking at their phones and therefore allow multitasking. Therefore, Pokémon Go is a game that combines elements of video games and mobile games and takes it to a level that any enthusiast can hardly resist.
References
The Pokémon Company. (2016). Discover Pokémon in the Real World with Pokémon GO! [Motion Picture]. The Official Pokémon Channel. Retrieved July 13, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sj2iQyBTQs
