Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis
Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

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Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

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CRITICALLY EVALUATE an organization on how it has approached entering international markets from a strategic marketing and a marketing mix perspective. How they adopt into marketing mix and what can they do next and is it worth doing it?

Use only academic journal for reference, 2 or 3 book reference are allowed.

Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

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Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

Introduction

            The generation of strategic marketing tactics by a business entity is critical towards their performance in the market. This is even more critical for a company operating, or willing to operate in the global and international market. Such a firm may require higher and additional marketing strategies not only to enter the market but also to continue successful operations. This paper focuses on the evaluation of various marketing strategies used by a company entering the international market, as viewed from a strategic marketing and marketing mix perspective.

Organisation of choice

            To evaluate the best approach to international marketing, it is necessary to select a firm that has had measurable success in their global marketing strategies. The firm of choice for this paper is The Coca Cola Company. The company has, arguably, the most widespread global reach of any company known. While tasked with having a first mover advantage over other firms, in the beginning, this advantage was largely unintentional since the product was radically different from what is manufactured today (Golder & Tellis, 1993, pp. 166 – 167).

The company has changed their marketing strategies over the years and one of the changes has been the intentional first mover advantage on various markets, as well as directed efforts towards being the major and in some instances the only market dominator.

Entering international markets

            Over the years of operation, The Coca Cola Company has entered into various international markets over different periods. The firm has used different tactics and market entry strategies for entry into each new market. The tactics used by the firm may be viewed from two broad perspectives: strategic marketing and marketing mix. Below is a discussion of these two viewpoints.

Strategic marketing perspective

            From a strategic marketing perspective, the Coca Cola Company has used a number of different tactics to achieve the immense growth levels. Among the most widespread and arguably the most profitable of these is the use of the strong brand presence held by the company. Coca Cola has grown their brand to be among the most recognizable identities globally. This extensive public knowledge of the brand and associated products has been instrumental in pushing for an additional market share in international markets as well as the uptake of the other lesser known and newer products offered by the company.

Brand loyalty to the firm has seen the company through entry of new markets leading to gaining of sizeable market share for its major products (Slater, 2001). The company strategically uses the presently available strengths to penetrate international markets as a tactical move over its competitors. This is a prime example of strategic marketing efforts by the multinational.

            Localization is yet another strategy employed by the Coca Cola Company as a tactic to penetrate international markets. Several researchers have identified the effective use of localization by the firm (Boisot & Child, 1999; Arnold & Quelch, 1998; Vonhonacker, 1997). A case in point was the firm’s strategy of market entry into China. Owing to tight control over international business operations by the Chinese government, Coca Cola decided to collaborate with local companies.

This move maintained good relationships between the firm and the government and fostered the growth of the smaller companies. For the Coca Cola Company, while timing and firm size and resource availability were central to the success in these emerging markets, a successful market entry strategy was vital to their success (Johnson & Tellis, 2008, pp. 3 – 5).

            The Coca Cola Company uses strategic advantage to market its products in a bid to gain market entry in various regions. A case in point is in China, where before the entry of Coca Cola through their beverage and bottling divisions, the firm was operating as a partner in concrete manufacture and distribution (Vonhonacker, 1997). Once the firm decided to enter the bottling and beverage distribution market in the region, Coca Cola used the existing leverage they had in terms of networks and invested resources to help market their products.

In addition, they understood the market, albeit from a different perspective. Such a strategy allowed for better-integrated marketing that responded to supply-driven considerations and consumer preferences (Schuiling & Kapferer, 2004, pp. 98 – 99)…..

Strategic Marketing Critical Analysis

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The Role of Social Work Theory in Future Social Work Practice

Social Work Theory
Social Work Theory

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The Role of Social Work Theory in Future Social Work Practice

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For this assignment please use headers when answering each question and give description of each question. It makes it easier to follow the points and it helps the professor understand that I answered each point. 

The Role of Social Work Theory in Future Social Work Practice

Now that you have examined various theory types and theories that inform the basis of social work practice, what insights have you gained from that examination?

How might you apply the knowledge you gained in this course to the next course you take?

How might this knowledge inform your future social work practice?

You began this course with an examination of theory types and what they meant in terms of how you use theory. Has exposure to specific theories over the last several weeks changed your perspective on the theory type that most appeals to you? If so, what has triggered that change?

You might recall that some theories answer the question “why,” while others provide a framework for treatment, based on answers to the question “why”. What theory resonates with you most after a closer analysis of numerous social work and integrative theories?

Does that theory coincide with the theory type that appealed to you in Week 1? How might the appeal of some theories and your ability to be flexible in understanding and applying them influence your social work practice?

For this Discussion, review this week’s resources. Think about the theories you examined in this course and consider any insights you gained as a result of examining them. Select the theory that most appeals to you and then reflect on the theory type you selected as being the most appealing in Week 1 (micro, meso, macro, scientific theory, perspective, paradigm, model, and ideology).

If the theory you selected no longer aligns with the theory-type you selected in Week 1, think about why that might be the case. If the theory you select now is represented by the theory type you selected in Week 1, be prepared to defend why that theory type still appeals to you most. Finally, consider how your insights regarding the theories helped prepare you for your next course and your future social work practice.

Post by Day 4 a brief summary of the important social theory insights you gained from this course. Describe the theory type you selected in Week 1 and the theory that appeals to you most among all those covered in this course. Then explain whether or not that theory type still appeals to you in relation to the theory you selected, and why. If it no longer appeals to you, include a description of which theory type now appeals to you more and explain, why. Finally, explain how these insights helped prepare you for your next course and your future social work practice.

There’s no articles required for this assignment. You may use any two articles of your choice but the information in parentheses is the topic used for week 1

(Week 1: Paradigm refers to a framework that helps in comprehension of the human experience. The two major ones are the scientific and practice paradigm. The scientific paradigm does question the authenticity of methods and problems while practice paradigm does focus on authenticity of praxis concords (Okpych and Yu, 2014). In the practice paradigm, we have three aspects these are positivism, constructivism, and critical theory. The three are vital in evaluating human interactions regarding perception, conflict resolution, and structures that hold the society (Canda, Chatterjee, and Robbins, 2012).)

Social Work Theory

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The use of Frequency Identification Technology

The use of Frequency Identification Technology
The use of Frequency Identification Technology

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The use of Frequency Identification Technology

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Pick a company or organization that uses RFID, either passive or active. Walmart, Target, Amazon, Dell, or any company you want to choose is fine.

List five questions that you might use to conduct a business transition war game or Assumption –based Planning exercise on that company. 

Then list the core assumptions that might fail in the next five years for this company’s use of such RFID technology, and why?

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ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement
Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement

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Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement

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TOPIC: When Does Law Enforcement Cross Boundaries Between Ethical And Unethical Behaviour Towards Citizens.

1: Include background, development of rationale and justification of the position on the topic.

2: Incorporate the definition of Integrity: (pledge to be honest, just and consistent in word and deed.)

3: in the References please include U.S. Authors and two Internet Research. 

4: Please make sure the cover page and the reference page is not part of the 7 page word count.

Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement

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Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement

When does law enforcement cross boundaries between ethical and unethical behavior towards citizens

Introduction

The duty of the state is to ensure the safety and security of its citizens. This is done by the enforcement of the law through various means. In order to fulfill this mandate, the state has established several arms of the government to ensure that the detection, deterrence, rehabilitation and the correction of the said offenders are dealt with. Due to the delicate nature of ensuring that the laws of the land are adhered to, these agencies have strict codes of conduct that seek to guide and direct the manner in which their officers should conduct themselves.

The constitution, as the supreme law of the land sets out certain liberties that accrue to the citizens and which should not be violated at any given point for whatever reason by the government. These are found in the various amendments of the constitution. The case of the United States v Jones, 132S.Ct. 945 (2012) is one of the cases where the court had to step in to protect the rights of s citizen that were being violated in an effort to enforce the law (Iyengar, 2013).

In this case, the Supreme Court made a pronouncement to the effect that despite the zeal exhibited by the law enforcement agencies in the fulfillment of their mandate, the same should be done in such a way that the rights and freedoms of the ordinary citizens are preserved. It was found that the fourth amendment rights of privacy of the defendant had been violated by the installation of a Global Positioning System device in their motor vehicle. Although it was done in an effort to obtain information, the extension of the monitoring period ended up being construed as an intrusion in to the right of privacy of the defendant.

The importance of considering the ethical and unethical boundaries that have to be respected by law enforcement agencies in their quest to carry out their mandated task is that more often than not they infringe on the basic rights of the citizens they are supposed to be protecting. These officers are held in higher regard than the other professionals in the state because of the level of trust entrusted in them. As such their conduct both in the profession and in their lives are scrutinized to ensure that they are indeed capable of carrying out their duties to the satisfaction of the citizens.

Ethical considerations in law enforcement

In the determination of a balance between performing their task in law enforcement and respecting the principles that guide the same, law enforcement agencies are faced with an uphill task. This is due to various reasons, the main one being the resistance they face. In an effort to ensure that the law id adhered to, the non-cooperation of the citizens is normally a hindrance since the former view the latter as a group who are out to get them. In such a case, they employ certain tactics that tend to deter the law enforcement agents from carrying out their work.

A comparison is between the earlier mentioned case of United States v Jones with an earlier case of Katz v the United States where the right of privacy was held to have not been infringed because of an earlier consent that could be implied was proved. In the Jones case, the extension of the surveillance of the defendant was deemed as a violation of their rights to privacy despite the effort of the law enforcement agent to rid the streets of the alleged drug the defendant was smuggling.

During the training of law enforcement officers, certain values are sought to be instilled in them while still in the respective academies. Some of these values include the observance of the basic rights of the citizens. The understanding of the law is also part of the course they undergo as their mandate is to protect the same. However, more often than not, the officers are caught breaking the same laws in their zeal to ensure that their mandate is fully fulfilled. Instances include the conduct of arrest, mode of conducting investigations and the handling of the alleged law breakers.

This blurs the boundary between ethical and unethical behaviors towards citizens. Others also include the soliciting and acceptance of bribe as well as colluding with known criminal elements to aid them in their criminal endeavors. In their training, the officers are taught how to handle sensitive issues such as profiling in addition to being brought up to date with the latest technique in conducting their duties but without infringing on the rights of the citizens (Hess, Orthmann and LaDue, 2015).

Additionally the officers take oaths of honor before embarking on their profession is a requirement. This oath of honor pledges the observance of integrity and the honor to betray neither the badge nor the community trust. This symbolizes the officer’s commitment to ethical conduct during his service. However, there are cases where the said officers have been witnessed to use excessive force in discharging their mandate.

On such occasions, the levels of confidence in these agencies tend to be lower in the eyes of the public as their mandate was to protect the public and not brutalize them (Doherty, 2016). At such instances, the law enforcement agents cross the border between their ethical duty to protect and serve and instead become unethical by causing both physical and emotional harm to the citizens they vowed to protect.

The techniques employed by the law enforcement agencies in certain instances to contain situations sometimes surpass the reasonable force threshold and end up bringing violence instead of curing the same. It is at these instances when the officers cross the boundaries between ethical and unethical in their conduct towards citizens……

Ethical Considerations in Law Enforcement

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Incorporating Feedback for Final Presentation and Design

Incorporating Feedback
Incorporating Feedback

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Incorporating Feedback for Final Presentation and Design

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Incorporating Feedback for Final Presentation and Design. Make sure to explain any commit from the instructor or the student in the final summary.

Instructions.

During this week, you will review and possibly incorporate the feedback from the team member who reviewed your final project. You will use your team member’s feedback as well as your faculty’s feedback from Week Four to make corrections or adjustments to your final project. This week you will complete a feedback and summary form that will detail any corrections or adjustments you made based on the feedback from your faculty and team member.

You will also turn in your final presentation and design again to be reviewed with your feedback and summary form. Remember that it is ultimately your decision to incorporate feedback from your learning team member and your faculty; however, if you decide not to incorporate feedback, you need to explain why you did not.

Incorporate the necessary changes recommended by your learning team member and your faculty into your presentation and SmartDraw® Design.

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Employee Monitoring Essay Assignment

Employee Monitoring
Employee Monitoring

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Employee Monitoring

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Summarize the different monitoring technologies and explain the importance of an employee monitoring policy.

  • The first is telephone monitoring
  • Next would be email monitoring
  • The next would be video surveillance
  • The next is GPS monitoring
  • The final form is the use of software

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Employee Monitoring

Summarize the different monitoring technologies (Mishra and Crampton, 2017).

Telephone monitoring

The passive GSM interception technology is placed between the mobile and the GSM providers. It interlinks the calls to a common base transceiver location that enables one to decrypt the messages being sent. Contrariwise, the IMSI catchers allow the mobile phone information to be accessed without the information of the user. Finally, the mobile phone location monitoring indicates the location of person using the phone.

Email monitoring

The use of encryption to protect the emails that ae being send by the employees. The encryption deals with scrambling the message from the sender and unscrambling when the receiver gets it. Conversely, the use of magnetic tape in the computer system makes sure that the electronic mail is protected.

Video surveillance

The cameras are either located at noticeable areas or secretly in areas where they cannot be seen. The devices ae used to monitor horseplay, safety hazards, and employee pilferage.

GPS monitoring

The GPS photo tagger is used to indicate the exact location of when the photo is being taken. On the other hand, GPS tracker are used in positioning of employees wherever they are at a particular time. Finally, the Radio frequency beacon are interlinked on devices to safeguard them…..

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HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY PROJECT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Human Resource Policy
Human Resource Policy

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Human Resource Policy

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HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY PROJECT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY INSTRUCTIONS

The annotated bibliography for your 4 selected human resource topics must consist of at least 10 reputable, professional, scholarly journals and/or informational venues that deal with the content of the course (i.e., not blogs, Wikipedia, newspapers, etc.), be in current APA format, and contain persistent links so others may have instant access. Include a proper title page.

It is highly recommended that you use Liberty University’s Jerry Falwell Library online resources. A librarian is available to assist you in all matters pertaining to conducting your research, including what constitutes a scholarly article (reputable, professional and/or scholarly journals, and/or informational venues that deal with the content of the course).

The Jerry Falwell Library librarian has asked that the following be shared:

Articles in Business Source Premier have a “Permalink” you can use to post in your assignment. The permalink, in most cases, will allow anyone to access your article. Articles in Business Source Complete have a “Permalink” you can use in your assignment. The Permalink should allow anyone to access your article. To get the Permalink, look the article up in Business Source Complete and click the article title. Then click the “Permalink” link that appears in the right column. 

The annotations are designed to help your classmates better understand and more easily learn about your topic. The annotation is not a normal required component of APA; rather, it is a specific additional requirement for this assignment.

Note the following regarding your annotated bibliography:

• An annotated bibliography is a list of the journals and resources you used.

• Each citation is followed by a brief paragraph (at least 150 words) that is descriptive and evaluative—the annotation.

• The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.

• For more information on annotations, see this link about Annotated Bibliographies.

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Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy
Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

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Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

This project requires you to investigate the marketing strategy of an existing Consumer Product. 

The following parts are required with the points allocated per section.

1. Name of product and description of product Listerine mouth wash

2. Product Category – Size of product category (dollar or unit sales) and the major competitors.  What is the market share of the major competitors and your brand? What other information can you provide which can help to understand what is happening in the market.   20 pts

3.  Target Market – Describe the target market using market dimension variables. These are segmentation variables such as demographic, psychographics, behavioral or geographic. Only two or three sentences to precisely describe the typical user using these variables.  10 pts

4.   Explanation of the need that this product fulfills as it relates to specific target market. Is it a “Me Too” imitator? How is it different from other product brands in the.

This should also include the product positioning.           

10 pts

5.  Marketing Mix

Product Offering –  Things that should be included, name, features/attributes, packaging and any other things that  makes this offering unique and increases its ability to satisfy target market needs. What phase of product life cycle is the brand?  Picture of product should be included.

Distribution – Explanation of distribution system- direct or indirect 

Name the major type of intermediaries if indirect. 

Pricing – Give price per package. Explain pricing strategy.  What is the markup % at the retail level?  (Hint:  ask manager at the store).

Promotion – Explain all the promotion mix elements currently being used to promote the product.  Need to justify the reason different promotion mix elements chosen.  Attached a link to a commercial video would be something good to do for presentation.

Market Opportunity Matrix – Explain the primary growth strategy that has been used to grow and sustain this brand in the past 5- 10 years.  Provide justification.   Read about types of opportunities in Chapter 2

Market Penetration

Market Development

Product development

Diversification

Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

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Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

Listerine mouth wash is a globally recognized brand that is used to clean the mouth and eliminate bad breath as well as kill germs. The product has been in the market for a long time and thus it has gained customer loyalty over time. This paper will focus on various marketing concepts regarding the product and thus provide a clear insight of the market performance.

Product Category

The product comes in various sizes and with different flavors. The common size that has gained a large demand in the market is Listerine cool mint antiseptic that is retailed at $39.86 and it is at 1.5 liters. Recently, there is a discount of 5 % so as to promote marketing. The major competitors in the market are Colgate Plax, scope and oral B which perform the same function. In the United States for instance, the product is consumed by over 61 percent of the market. The sales for the year 2016 were $105.3 Million (Statistics portal,  2017).

Target Market

The major target for the product is people with the needs of special hygiene and these are mostly people from well to do families who live in urban as well as semi urban areas. They have high levels of income and they mostly have a unique lifestyle whereby they prefer a differentiated product like Listerine mouth wash which is different from the common brands in the market. Young people mostly make up the target market (MBA School-Study Learn. Share, 2017).

Explanation of the need

Listerine mouth wash is known for its ability to kill germs at a higher percentage compared to the competitor brands. It also eliminates bad breath as well as fighting specific germs that cause gingivitis. The product is long lasting thus giving the customer value for their money. It comes in different flavors and finally it is clinically proven to work in the human mouth without causing harm and providing a long lasting freshness…..

Listerine Mouth Wash Marketing Strategy

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Analytic Therapy: Final Exam Questions

Analytic Therapy
Analytic Therapy

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Analytic Therapy

  1. How might the counselor have to adjust his or her own values to work with clients from differing cultures? How is therapist self-care an ethical matter as well as a way to prevent therapist burnout?
  2. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  3. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  4. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  5. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  6. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  7. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  8. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  9. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  10. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  11. How is resistance a central issue in analytic therapy? Explain the functions that resistance serves. Discuss some guidelines that you might use in understanding both the resistance of your clients and your reactions to their resistance.
  12. What are some of the main contributions that you see in working with clients from a family systems perspective? Mention some of the limitations you see in the family systems perspective, including working with families from culturally diverse backgrounds?

References

Corey, G. (2013). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (Ninth ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. 

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Effective therapist

In dealing with clients from a different cultural background, the personal beliefs of a therapist are put on the line as well as their ability to effectively render services. As such therapists need to be sensitive to their client’s cultural beliefs and strive hard to offer services that are congruent to them. Therapists additionally need to ensure that they are fine both in body and mind to be able to render adequate services and hence the importance of self care (Skovholt and Trotter-Mathison, 2014). The professional imperative of psychological wellness is one that is vital for the provision of services during therapy sessions.

Resistance in therapy

The lack of openness and rejection of the process of therapy in clients is sums up the concept of resistance in psychology. The patient does not make any progress in getting better neither does he attempt in making any relation to the therapeutic solutions put forth. This can be witnessed in the objections by the patient to open up about certain issues. In an effort to understand the patient, the therapist should endeavor to comprehend the inhibitions of the client.

This therefore calls for the in-depth analysis of the client and his reservations to foster the therapist’s understanding and the methods that will work for the patient. Constant communication between the two is a condition for the resistance to be dealt with effectively. It is in the understanding of the resistance that the therapist can be able to offer reliable services as the issues to be resolved often manifest in form of resistance (Voutilainen and Perakyla, 2016).

The therapist needs to practice patience and understanding towards the patient so that the patient can open up in confidence when the time comes. It is only in the understanding of the client’s fear of addressing some issues that the client can fully be helped and hence the importance of analytic therapy and resistance.

Major theorists on human nature.

Freud in his analysis of human nature concluded that actions and reactions are based on the attainment of utmost pleasure while at the same time avoiding pain. His view is premised on the power of instinct in the determination of one’s character. Adler on the other hand is a proponent of personal choice as being the major determinant in people’s lives (Corey, 2013).

Both theorists were however on the same page when it came to the decision on the formation of one’s personality being the first few years in one’s childhood. However, Adler was of the view that although childhood experiences played a role in shaping one’s personality, the concept of the future in terms of making goals and choices that propels one towards personal goals is the real determinant of the individual’s character.

Therapeutic process.

To break the ice between the client and the therapist during the first session, the therapist is required to make the client feel most welcomed. The client is then given the opportunity to state why he sought therapy and his expectations as well as give a brief description of his life. The therapist would then make it known that the sessions would be non-judgmental and encourage the client to be as honest as possible to be able to attain his expectations.

He would also assure the client of the confidentiality of the sessions and what is expected of them (Corey, 2013). The goals of the sessions may keep on changing and hence it it vital for the therapist to keep asking for the progress of the client, as per their own assessment and the goals they intend to achieve at the end of the treatment. The relationship between the client and the therapist needs to be confidential and full of trust for there to be progress.

Accurate empathy.

In an effort to understand the client in order to provide the most effective service, therapists often have to identify with the client’s living conditions. In so doing, they are able to place themselves in their shoes and hence give suggestions that are most likely to elevate the client’s situation. In the accurate dissemination of the client’s issue and the subsequent provision of relatable solutions, confidence levels increase and hence the improvement of the services rendered. There are however several challenges that are a hindrance to empathy in the field of psychology, cultural differences.

The diversity that characterizes the human race means that the beliefs and practices vary from one community to another. In certain cases, these differences act as a barrier to the provision of effective therapeutic solutions. This is due to the beliefs and the practices that might be acceptable in other cultures but forbidden in others. The second one is personal biases, although this does not affect most therapists, some personal and religious biases have been cited as hindrance in the provision of therapeutic services (Croft, Schmader and Block, 2015).

The ‘here and now’ therapeutic concept.

The understanding of the present is an important aspect of dealing with the issues that are faced. The cornerstone of the Gestalt therapeutic process is the understanding of one’s present environment and situation to expand the client’s view of life and thereby enhance growth (Corey, 2013). It enhances the basic understanding of the client’s personality as at present and enhances their growth in their rediscovery process.

This therapeutic process does recognize the role that the past has to play in the present situation of the client and endeavors to bring focus to the past into their present situation in order to conclusively deal with it. This is mostly done by the reenactment of the past events during the sessions. This form of therapy avoids mentions of the future as it is yet to happen and hence their primary focus is on the present…..

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